• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2002

With improving computer penormance and advancing simulation techniques, a growing number of softwares are being developed for visualization of investigation results in geotechnical problems. It is a very important subject for geological site investigation to understand or predict if there would be any hazardous geological conclition that might cause any increase of construction costs or an extension of construction period. A 3-D (three-climensional) visualization technique may be one of the powerful tools to overcome an uncertainty problem of geologica] site investigatior. The paper describes an overview of a newly developed geotechnical 3-D interpretation system for the purpose of applying the 3-D visualization technique, GIS (geographic information system) and D/B (database) to tunnel design and construction. VR (virtual reality) and 3-D visualization techniques are applied in order to develope the 3-D model of characteristics and structures of rock mass. D/B system for all the materials related to site investigation and tunnel construction is developed using GIS technique. This system is very useful for civil engineers to make a plan of tunnel construction at the design stage and also during construction with the advantage of improving the economy and safety of tunnels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.149-177
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• 1994

This study is practically focussed on the derivation of the formula of the reach of the catchment of urban community parks and the reached distance to the parks. The hypotheses for the formula are as follows. a. The catchment of urban community parks can be dependent on the quantitative characteristics that urban community parks have substanial factors : the potential residential population of the proximate community to a park, park visitor's day and mean usetime per year. b. The distance to the urban park is a decided variable which can be percieved quantitatively by the researchers among the exogenous variables concerned with the mean usetime of the urban community park. The data for the variables were collected from the statistics, and the surveys for 9 parks of 4cities(Seoul, Chong-ju, Su-Won, Chon-an) in Korea, which were divided into on-site samples and off-site ones in 1991. The data were collected by questionaire surveys. A total of 548 questionaires of off-site surveys were completed by the residents in the enticing area of the parks. A total of 1053 questionaires of on-site surveys were completed by the visitors of the parks. The research could attempt to derive a formula, which was concerned with the reach of the catchment of urban community parks and the reached distance to the parks. It is testified(R2>0.8) that the numbers of mean usetime per year should be related with the reached distance from a visitor's house to a proximate park. The formula is analogized with an exponential function: {{{{ Mean Usetime per year=f(x)=Ae-BK+Ce-DK ear, X is reached distance from a visitor's house to a proximate park. A,B,C and D are parameters. And, the differences of the reach of the catchment of the parks are not only testified with resulting from the differences of the exogenous variables of qualitative characteristics differences of the parks, but also divided separately into spatial ranges. This formula will be able to anticipate the visitor's numbers of a planned urban community park.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2017

Restoration of min-impacted arable land is often performed through stabilization of trace elements by amendment treatment combined with (clean) soil covering on the surface. Recently, soil loss problem from sloping remediated agricultural lands has risen as an emerging concern. In this study, efficacy of aggregation formation was assessed by single and binary treatments of four potential amendments (bentonite, lime, organic matter, and steel slag) applied on three cover soils having different clay contents (9.4, 14.7, and 21.2% for A, B, and C soils respectively). In results of single treatments, 5% organic matter for A soil and 5% lime for B and C soils were found most effective for the aggregation formation compared to the respective controls (without amendments). Among nine binary treatments, 3% organic matter + 1% lime for A soil and 1% organic matter + 3% lime for both B and C soils led to the highest formation of aggregation (30.4, 25.0, and 36.5% for A, B, and C soils). For a site-application, the soil erodibility difference between the cover soils (0.045, 0.051, and 0.054 for A, B, and C soils, respectively) and the national average of arable land (0.032) was assumed to be compensated by amendment addition, which is equivalent to 29.1% aggregation formation. To achieve the aggregation goal, 5% lime for A and B soils and 3% lime for C soil were best in the consideration of benefit/cost, thereby effectively and economically reducing soil loss from sloping remediation site. Soil alkalinity induced by lime treatment was not considered in this work.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 1997

The study was conducted to make a map for selecting righteous tree species for each site by digital terrain analysis. We set an algorithmic value for each tree species' characteristics with distribution pattern analysis, and the soil types were digitized from data indicated on soil map. Mean altitude, slope, aspect and micro-topography were estimated from the digital map for each block which had been calculated by regression equations with altitude. The results obtained from the study could be summarized as follows 1. We could develope a method to select righteous tree species for a given site with concern of soil, forest condition and topographic factors on Muju-Gun in Chonbuk province(2,500ha) by the terrain analysis and multi-variate digital map with a personal computer. 2. The brown forest soils were major soil types for the study area, and 29 tree species were occurred with Pinus densiflora as a dominant species. The differences in site condition and soil properties resulted in site quality differences for each tree species. 3. We tried to figure out the accuracy of a basic program(DTM.BAS) enterprised for this study with comparing the mean altitude and aspect calculated from the topographic terrain analysis map and those from surveyed data. The differences between the values were less than 5% which could be accepted as a statistically allowable value for altitude, as well as the values for aspect showed no differences between both the mean altitude and aspect. The result may indicate that the program can be used further in efficiency. 4. From the righteous-site selection map, the 2nd group(R, $B_1$) took the largest area with 46% followed by non-forest area (L) with 23%, the 5th group with 7% and the 4th group with 5%, respectively. The other groups occupied less than 6%. 5. We suggested four types of management tools by silvicultural tree species with considering soil type and topographic conditions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1633-1637
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• 2014

Background: Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue classified into Hodgkin's and non- Hodgkin's types. It mostly affects lymph nodes although a considerable proportion of Non-Hodgkin's cases occur in extranodal sites. Materials and Methods: Selected cases diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during the period of 1980 to 2012 were retrieved from the archives of the Oral Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The sections from the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were stained with H&E as well as with LCA, CD20, and CD3. Results: The mean age was 41.6 years with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1. Out of the forty two cases, nineteen were Malays, eighteen were Chinese, followed by Indians (3) and Indonesians (2). The most common site of involvement was the mandible (22.2%), followed by the maxilla and palate (19.4% each). Most of the lesions presented as a painless progressive swelling. Only thirty six cases were further subdivided into B or T cell types. The majority were B-cell type (26 cases), of these 6 cases were Burkitt's lymphomas. Only ten cases were T-cell lymphoma, with three cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma. Conclusions: In this series of 42 patients diagnosed as extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the lesions appeared as painless swellings, mostly in men with the mandible as the most frequent site of involvement. Majority were B-cell lymphomas with Malays and Chinese being equally affected whereas lymphomas were rare in the Indian ethnicity. T-cell lymphomas were found to be common in the Chinese ethnic group.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1336-1344
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• 2017

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With recent identification of HBV receptor, inhibition of virus entry has become a promising concept in the development of new antiviral drugs. To date, 10 HBV genotypes (A-J) have been defined. We previously generated two murine anti-preS1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), KR359 and KR127, that recognize amino acids (aa) 19-26 and 37-45, respectively, in the receptor binding site (aa 13-58, genotype C). Each mAb exhibited virus neutralizing activity in vitro, and a humanized version of KR127 effectively neutralized HBV infection in chimpanzees. In the present study, we constructed a humanized version (HzKR359-1) of KR359 whose antigen binding activity is 4.4-fold higher than that of KR359, as assessed by competitive ELISA, and produced recombinant preS1 antigens (aa 1-60) of different genotypes to investigate the binding capacities of HzKR359-1 and a humanized version (HzKR127-3.2) of KR127 to the 10 HBV genotypes. The results indicate that HzKR359-1 can bind to five genotypes (A, B, C, H, and J), and HzKR127-3.2 can also bind to five genotypes (A, C, D, G, and I). The combination of these two antibodies can bind to eight genotypes (A-D, G-J), and to genotype C additively. Considering that genotypes A-D are common, whereas genotypes E and F are occasionally represented in small patient population, the combination of these two antibodies might block the entry of most virus genotypes and thus broadly neutralize HBV infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.21-24
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• 1993

The microstructure of the cubic perovskite [(Ba$\sub$85.5/ Ca$\sub$15.5)(Ti$\sub$60/ Mn$\sub$40/)O$_2$]-based dielectrics has been investigated. BCTM which control both A-site and B-site has less electrical characteristics than BaTiO$_3$. The dielectric factor was decreased and the dielectric loss factor was improved because BaMnO$_3$was formed in the solide reaction method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2000

The electronic and chemical properties of the surface Pt and Ru atoms in the Pt-Ru alloy have been investigated by means of extended Huckel calculations. An electron transfer occurs from Ru to Pt, resulting in an increased electron density on the surface Pt atoms. The transfer is found to be larger toward Pt atoms out of contact with Ru. The calculated electronic perturbation of the water molecule is similar when it is adsorbed either on the Pt site or on the Ru site in the alloy. However, the water adsorption strength is much smaller in the former case, since the lone-pair donations are reduced relative to the latter case. This is essentially due to a larger closed-shell repulsive interaction between $1b_2(H_2O)$ and $d_{yz}$ (Pt).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.836-839
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• 1996

A new copper complex containing 2,2'-dipyridylbenzamide(dpba), Cu(dpba)(NO3)2(CH3CN), has been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure has been determined. Crystal data: space group P212121, Z=8, a=13.911(3) Å, b=16.813(3) Å, c=18.932(3) Å, V=4427.9(1) Å3 and R=0.0674 for 1716 reflections. The copper environment is square pyramidal containing acetonitrile in axial site. Spectroscopic properties has been characterized in solution state. The redox property of the Cu(dpba)(NO3)2 complex is different from that of corresponding copper-dpa complex.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.234-243
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• 1997

The crystal structure of arc melted $ZrV_{x}Mn_{1-x}Ni_{1.0},\;ZrV_{x}Mn_{0.8-x}Ni_{1.2},\;ZrV_{x}Mn_{0.6-x}Ni_{1.4}$ alloys which are known to have AB2 type Laves structure was investigated. They had mixed phases of C14 and C15. The radius ratio ($r_{A}/r_{B}$) of atoms in A site to that of B site was found to be an important parameter in explaining the omposition dependence of the crystal structure The C15 structure showed a linear increase with the ratio in as-cast conditions. However, the annealed alloys revealed a definite ratio at which the stability of both phases are divided distinctly. The composition of the alloys could be closely controlled by maintaining the argon pressure in the chamber over 1 arm during arc melting. In contrast, the alloy ingot melted in VIM showed a significant loss of hln.