• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.150-159
• /
• 2012

This study intend to analyze differences between 3D body scanning sizes and direct measurement sizes of same subjects. The subjects of study are female students of university in China. 3D data analyze as a 3D Body Measurement Soft System. The conclusion found is as below: In case of circumferences, error between direct-measurement size and 3D body scanning size is from 4.9mm to 62.2mm. The neck circumference size of directmeasurement is bigger than 3D body scanning size. The height error range is from 0.6mm to 51mm. Height of underbust, waist and hip are that direct-measurement sizes are higher than 3D body scanning sizes. Gap of width is from 3.8mm to 21.9mm. The gap range is too narrow relatively to others. Only direct-measurement size of neck width is wider than 3D body scanning size. Error range of length is from 0.3mm to 41.8mm. 3D body scanning sizes of lateral neck to waistline, upperarm length, arm length, neck shoulder point to breast point, shoulder center point to breast point, lateral shoulder to breast point are longer than direct-measurement sizes. They have a negative margin of error. I intend to set up same measurement point between direct-measurement and 3D body scanning but they have some errors because direct-measurement point is applied by a person. 3D body scanning measurement point is settled by automatic system. A measurement point of direct-measurement and 3D body scanning isn't unite. So we need to make a standard of setting up measurement points.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1347-1358
• /
• 2011

This study purposed to analyze differences in body measurement between the 2D direct body measuring method and the 3D body scan measuring method and to perform the appearance evaluation and cross-sectional evaluation of the fit of pants to which body measurements obtained by each measuring method were applied. Body measuring was conducted in 10 women in their 20s-30s using 2D direct body measuring and 3D automatic measuring with Hamamatsu body scanner. Among the 10 women, 3 participated in experimental garment wearing. Experimental pants were made using their 2D direct body measurements and 3D automatic measurements, and wearing tests were performed through expert evaluation and cross-sectional evaluation. The results of the experiment were as follows. According to the results of comparative analysis on differences between 2D direct body measurements and 3D scan measurements, 3D automatic measurements were significantly larger in bust circumference, ankle circumference, armscye circumference, shoulder length, scye depth, and arm length. As circumferences measured with the 3D body scanner were somewhat larger than directly measured ones, it is suggested to adjust ease when using existing pattern making methods. We prepared experimental garments by the same pattern making method through applying body measurements obtained with the two measuring methods, and assessed the fit of the garment comparatively through expert evaluation and 3D scan cross-sectional evaluation. According to the results, 2D-pants using 2D direct body measurements was slightly tighter than 3D-pants using 3D measurements in waist circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal circumference. In the results of comparing appearance in terms of the fit of the experimental garment in each subject, significant difference was observed in most of the compared items. This result suggests that 3D automatic body measuring data may show different accuracy according to body shape and therefore it is necessary to examine difference between 2D direct body measurements and 3D automatic measurements according to body shape.

• 복식
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2003

This paper proposes a system for measuring the 3D human bodies using the multiple 2D images. The system establishes the multiple image input circumstance from the digital camera for image measurement. The algorithm considering perspective projection leads us to estimate the 3D human bodies from the multiple 2D images such as frontal. side and rear views. The results of the image measurement is compared those of the direct measurement and the 3D scanner for the total 40 items (12 heights, 15 widths and 13 depths). Three persons measure the 40 items using the three measurement methods. In comparison of the results obtained among the measurement methods and the persons, the results between the image measurement and the 3D scanner are very similar. However, the errors for the direct measurement are relatively larger than those between the image measurement and the 3D scanner. For example, the maximum errors between the image measurement and the 3D scanner are 0.41cm in height, 0.39cm in width and 0.95cm in depth. The errors are acceptable in body measurement. Performance of the image measurement is superior to the direct. because the algorithm estimates the 3D positions using the perspective projection. In above comparison, the image measurement is expected as a new method for measuring the 3D body, since it has the various advantages of the direct measurement and 3D scanner in performance for measurement as well as in the devices, cost, Portability and man power.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2003

This study suggests the new 2D anthropometric method using digital camera. It is used MK2001 program that can convert 2D measurements to 3D measurements. To improve that it is measured 100 college students with direct and indirect anthropometric method. The measurements were processed by the SPSS ver10 Statistical Package. The average, standard deviation, and t-test were calculated for each category. Most measurements by 2D measurements are higher than direct measurements but degree. The difference between direct and indirect measurements is less than 2cm. In the results of t-test, height measurements including other 16 measurements which is easy to measure have no meaningful difference within 1cm. The depth measurements are most high difference. The result of each measurement proves that MK2001 program (2D anthropometry method using digital camera) is available for measuring the human body.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.204-214
• /
• 2019

A CAD program has recently been introduced that can be directly developed into a three-dimensional human body shape and made into a pattern. It is possible to fabricate a bra that reflects the volume and surface area of the breast; however, it still needs to be verified. This study investigates the average size and shape of 20 big-breasted women and designs a brassiere pattern for women with large breasts using a 3D Flattening function of OptiTex PDS v15.6. In addition, the study verifies the reliability of the proposed method compared to a conventional brassiere pattern. The study results are as follows. First, the three dimensional measurement values were smaller than the direct measurement dimensions when the three dimension measurement dimensions of the subjects were compared with the direct measurement dimensions, the replica measurement dimensions and the three dimensional measurement dimensions. Second, the 3D flattening pattern reflects the actual shape, length, and area of the actual breast when comparing a brassiere pattern using a 3D shape and pattern reflecting the direct measurement.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.1075-1094
• /
• 2013

This study analyzed the lower body type of women aged 20 to 30 to understand their respective characteristics. The research method was restricted to the use of direct measurements data and 3D measurements data of the Sixth Size Korea. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's test, discriminant analysis, t-test, and ${\chi}^2$-test were performed for the statistical analysis of the data using SPSS Win 20.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. Lower body type based on 3D measurements were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, long lower body, and small lower body). Lower body type based on direct measurements were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, thick and long lower body, and small lower body). Lower body type based on the direct measurement of sitting pose were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, long and thin lower body, and short lower body). The age differences in the lower body types could be analyzed by an evaluation of the 3D simulation of the lower body.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.103-120
• /
• 2012

The study aimed to evaluate the appearance of the men's work clothes jumpers developed to suggest the prototype work clothes jumper patterns by using the 3-D clothing simulation technology. The 3-D simulated clothing images considered the upper body features of men in the age range between 20 and 59 in South Korea. A questionnaire survey conducted previously suggested a basic jumper style with shirt collar and snap opening cuffs for the heavy industry workers; and discomforting parts of the work clothes jumper of the subject workers have been referred to for the experimental jumper appearance test. Besides, defining the measurements of men's upper bodies enabled to generate the men's 3-D virtual models representing each age group's average body feature. The significant body measurement factors for men's 3-D body modeling and jumper pattern-making were stature for the height factor; chest, waist and hip circumferences for the circumference factor; waist back, hip and arm lengths and interscye front/back for the length factor; and back neck breadth for the breadth factor and armscye and scye depths for the depth factor. The men's body measurements of 30's were implemented to three experimental jumper pattern-making methods, i.e. the 1st method using the relations based on stature and chest circumference; the 2nd method using the direct body measurements; and the 3rd method adopting the maximum ease amount of given body measurements whether relations or direct measurements except the direct measurement of scye depth. A comparison among the three experimental jumpers' simulated images highlighted that the appropriate ease amount of the jumper gained higher scores in terms of the jumpers' front, side, back and sleeve parts and the total silhouettes. Therefore the 3rd experimental jumper was finally selected for the heavy industry workers.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1359-1371
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to compare two avatars made using direct and manual methods and to evaluate the fit and appearance of two virtual garments on the direct and manual avatars. In this study, two subjects were measured by $[TC]^2$ body scanner and the avatars and virtual garments were created by OptiTex software. The direct avatar was made by the direct importation of 3D body scan data and the manual avatar was made by manual input from extracted body measurement. Two virtual garments in a tank-top were evaluated by distance, transparency, and stretch maps. In the results of comparing difference of the direct and manual avatars, the bust and back of the manual avatar are protruded slightly more than that of the direct avatar and the manual avatar is slightly larger dimensions at the bust, waist, abdomen, and hip area in the side view in case of subject 1 and 2. In the results of comparing difference of the fit and appearance of two virtual garments on the direct and manual avatars, in case of subject 1 and 2, the back of the virtual garment on the manual avatar are protruded more than that of the direct avatar. Also, the ease in the bust area of the virtual garment on the manual avatar with a projected bust area was smaller than that of the virtual garment on the direct avatar and the stretch of that of the manual avatar was also high in the bust area. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information in the apparel industry using virtual try-on technology.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.137-151
• /
• 2023

Stationary 3D whole-body scanners generally require 5 to 20 seconds of scanning time and cannot effectively detect armpit and crotch areas. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the accuracy of a photogrammetric technique using a multi-camera system. First, dimensional accuracy was analyzed using a mannequin scan, comparing the differences between the scan-derived measurements and the direct measurements, with an allowable tolerance of ISO 20685-1:2018. Only 2 of 59 measurement items (ankle height and upper arm circumference, specifically) exceeded the ISO 20685-1:2018 criteria. When compared with the results of the eight stationary whole-body scanners assessed by the literature, the photogrammetric technique was found to have the advantage of scanning the top of the head, armpit, and crotch areas clearly. Second, this study found the photogrammetric technique is suitable for obtaining the body scans because it can minimize the perform scanning, resulting in a reduction of measurement errors due to breathing and uncontrolled movements. The error rate of the photogrammetry method was much lower than that of stationary 3D whole-body scanners.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.24-38
• /
• 2008

As an attempt to improve the seaming of clothes exported to China, this study is intended to strengthen the clothing industry in Korea by providing data on the body figures of Chinese women. Direct measurement was conducted on 193 women aged 19-24 residing in Shanghai, China. Then we classified and identified the body types and characteristics of Chinese women based on the drop values suggested by the National Standard of the People's Republic of China(GB/T 1335.2-1997). The following is a summary and conclusion of this study. 1. The following results were obtained by measuring the body sizes of women aged 19-24 living in Shanghai, China. 2. After having conducted a factor analysis on 111 body measurement items, 15 index items, and 11 calculation items, we were able to deduce a total of 6 factors. 3. We categorized the body types of 19-24 year-old women living in Shanghai, China according to the drop values suggested by GB/T 1335.2-1997 where D-type was added to Y, A, B, and C-types for a total of 5 categories. The characteristics of each body type following the body type structure factor are Y-type for slender type, A-type for standard type, B-type for slightly large type, and C-type for obese type.