• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

CdS and $CdS:Co^{2+}$ single crystals were grown by CTR method using iodine as transport material. The grown single crystals have defect chalcopyrite structure with direct band gap. The optical energy band gap was decreased according to add of Co-impurity. We can observed the Co-impurity optical absorption peaks assigned to the $Co^{2+}$ ion sited at the $T_d$ symmetry lattice and we consider that they were attributed to the electron transitions between energy levels of ions.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
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• pp.94-97
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• 2002

CdS and $CdS:Co^{2+}$ single crystals were grown by CTR method using iodine as transport material. The grown single crystals have defect chalcopyrite structure with direct band gap. The optical energy band gap was decreased according to add of Co-impurity. We can observed the Co-impurity optical absorption peaks assigned to the $Co^{2+}$ ion sited at the $T_d$ symmetry lattice and we consider that they were attributed to the electron transitions between energy levels of ions.

• 암석학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2014

저어콘 음극선발광영상의 입체적 연구를 위해, 단계적 연마를 사용한 연쇄단층촬영과 영상 후처리작업으로 저어콘 내부 누대구조의 3차원 복원을 최초로 시도하였다. 연구에 사용된 시료는 경상분지 북동부 영덕화강암체에서 분리한 고생대말 시기의 저어콘으로 평면 음극선발광영상에서는 전형적인 진동누대구조가 관찰된다. 시료의 연쇄단층촬영을 위해 에폭시마운트 제작 후 $3{\mu}m$과 $1{\mu}m$ 연마액을 이용한 연마와 후방산란전자영상과 음극선발광영상 촬영을 시료가 소진될 때까지 반복하였다. 단계별 두께의 차이는 약 $3{\mu}m$이며, 약 80여개의 저어콘 중 7개를 선정하여 같은 면적 영상파일로 저장한 후 영상편집 소프트웨어인 Image J와 Volume Viewer를 이용하여 3차원 내부구조를 복원하여, 저어콘의 진동누대 및 덧성장구조를 입체적으로 재현하는데 성공하였다. 3차원적 내부구조 영상은 2차원적으로 관찰하는 단면영상의 내부구조와 달리 특정방향에 따른 단면관찰이 가능하고 다양한 변화양상을 재현할 수 있다. 이 방법은 고분해능 이차이온질량분석기 연대결과가 복잡하게 나오는 저어콘이나 미세구조 파악이 필요한 다른 지질시료의 입체적인 성장 및 재결정작용의 내부 구조연구에 응용될 수 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.38-38
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• 2009

Characteristics of the photonic bandgaps (PBGs) in two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D PCs) with a hexagonal lattice have theoretically studied using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation. In this research, we propose a concept of optical coverage ratio (OCR) as a new structural parameter to determine the PBGs for E-polarized light. The OCR is an optically compensated filling factor. It is possible to normalize the PBGs of 2D PCs by introducing the OCR.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.647-650
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• 2006

D-Psicose 3-epimerase (DPE) catalyzes the interconversion of D-fructose to D-psicose by epimerizing the carbon-3 position. The DPE from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography on an IMAC, gel filtration chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR, and anion-exchange chromatography on a RESOURCE Q. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be about 135 kDa by Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography, corresponding to a homotetramer. The enzyme produced crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction to a $2.0{\AA}$ resolution at 100 K. The crystals were found to belong to the orthorhombic space group $P2_12_12_1$, with unit-cell parameters a=102.4, b=113.0, and $c=131.8{\AA}$. In addition, the calculated packing parameter $(V_m)$ was $2.79{\AA}^3/Da$, the solvent content was 55.92%, and an asymmetric unit consisted of four monomers.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2015

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a class of two-dimensional (2D) materials that have attracted growing interest because of their promising applications. The properties of TMDs strongly depend on the crystalline structure and the number and stacking sequence of layers in their crystals and thin films. Though electrical, mechanical, and magnetic studies of 2D materials are being conducted, there is an evident lack of direct atom-by-atom visualization, limiting insight on these highly exciting material systems. Herein, we present our recent studies on the characterization of 2D layered materials by means of aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), in particular via high angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging. We have identified the atomic arrangements and defects in 2H stacked TMDs, 1T stacked TMDs, distorted 1T stacked TMDs, and vertically integrated heterojunctions of 2D TMDs crystals.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.618-624
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• 2018

We developed a mass production method that simultaneously controls the phase transformation and crystal size of $TiO_2$ coatings on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Initially, MWCNTs were successfully coated with amorphous 15-20-nm-thick $TiO_2$ by an in-situ sol-gel method. As the calcination temperature increased in both air and argon atmospheres, the amorphous $TiO_2$ was gradually transformed into the fully anatase phase at approximately $600^{\circ}C$, a mixture of the anatase and rutile phases at approximately $700^{\circ}C$, and the fully rutile phase above approximately $800^{\circ}C$. The crystal size increased with increasing calcination temperature. Moreover, above $600^{\circ}C$, the size of crystals formed in air was approximately twice that of crystals formed in argon. The reason is thought to be that MWCNTs, which continuously supported the stresses associated with the reconstructive phase transformation, disappeared owing to complete oxidation in air at these high temperatures.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2000년도 하계학술발표회
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• pp.88-89
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• 2000

The properties for self-frequency doubling (SFD) is unique phenomena for a small number of special single crystals. It is known that there are serious limitations to vary the concentration of active ions, for example high doping of active ions from 1 to 50 atomic %, in nonlinear materials. Until now, the Nd:YAl$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ (YAB) and Nd:(Ce,Gd)Sc$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ (CSB) crystals with high doping rates are well studied for the application of SFD purpose. They have much useful SFD properties, but also have big problems in crystal growth. In case of YAB crystal, it can be grown by solution melt method with very low growth rates and easy occurrence of inclusions. In case of CSB crystal, it has optically heterogeneity problems because of disarrangement of ions in huntite structure [1]. These problems make above crystals not so attractive for optical applications. Some popular nonlinear materials, such as LiNbO$_3$(LN), KTiOPO$_4$(KTP), LiB$_3$O$_{5}$ (LBO) crystals, are impossible to substitute by Rare Earth activators because of their crystallo-chemical problems of structure. When we dope active ions with the requisite concentrations for laser generation, it results in decreasing of optical quality of crystals or destroying of acentrosymmetric structure. (omitted)d)

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1994

Bridgman법에 의해 성장속도를 변화시키면서 $CaF_2$ 결정을 육성시켰으며, 각 성장속도에 따른 이온전도도의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 AC Impedance Analyzer를 사용하여 그 전기적 특성을 고찰하였다. 성장속도가 증가함에 따라 $CaF_2$ 결정은 단결정에서 다결정으로 육성되었으며, 그로인한 여러가지 결함 및 계면의 변화에 따라 이온 전도도는 크게 변화하였다. 또한, $CaF_2$ 결정을 더욱 무질서(disorder)화 시키고 여분의 불소 이온 carrier와 공공(vacancy)을 증가시키기 위하여 $YF_3$를 첨가하여 $Ca_{1-x}Y_XF_{2+X}$ 결정을 얻었으며, $YF_3$의 첨가량의 변화에 따른 $Ca_{1-x}Y_XF_{2+X}$ 결정의 이온전도도의 변화를 조사하였다. $CaF_2$ 결정과 $Ca_{1-x}Y_XF_{2+X}$ 결정의 온도변화에 따른 이온전도도의 변화를 비교하여 결함 clustering이 고체전해질의 전기적 성질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2010

스컬용융법으로 큐빅지르코니아(YSZ) 단결정들($ZrO_2:Y_2O_3:Co_3O_4:CeO_2$=64:36:0.5:0~0.3mol%)을 성장시켜 $N_2$ 분위기 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 동안 열처리 하였다. 갈색의 단결정들은 각각 녹색 또는 청색으로 변화되었다. 열처리 전 후의 YSZ 단결정들은 직경 7, 두께 2 mm의 웨이퍼 또는 직경 12 mm의 라운드브릴리언트 컷으로 연마 하였다. 각 시편의 광학적 또는 구조적 특성은 UV-VIS 분광광도계와 XRD(X-ray diffraction)로 분석하였으며, $Ce^{3+}(^2F_{5/2},\;_{7/2}(4f){\rightarrow}^2T_g(5d^1))$, $Co^{2+}(^4A_2(^4F){\rightarrow}^4T_1(^4F)$ 또는 $^4T_1(^4P)$) 및 $Co^{3+}$에 의한 흡수, 이온화에너지 및 격자상수 변화를 확인하였다.