• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.1412-1422
• /
• 2012

The aim of this work was to establish the optimal conditions for production of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) by a newly isolated marine bacterium using response surface methodology (RSM). A microorganism producing CMCase, isolated from seawater, was identified as Cellulophaga lytica based 16S rDNA sequencing and the neighborjoining method. The optimal conditions of rice bran, ammonium chloride, and initial pH of the medium for cell growth were 100.0 g/l, 5.00 g/l, and 7.0, respectively, whereas those for production of CMCase were 79.9 g/l, 8.52 g/l, and 6.1. The optimal concentrations of $K_2HPO_4$, NaCl, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ for cell growth were 6.25, 0.62, 0.28, and 0.42 g/l, respectively, whereas those for production of CMCase were 3.72, 0.54, 0.70, and 0.34 g/l. The optimal temperature for cell growth and the CMCase production by C. lytica LBH-14 were $35^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximal production of CMCase under optimized condition for 3 days was 110.8 U/ml, which was 5.3 times higher than that before optimization. In this study, rice bran and ammonium chloride were developed as carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of CMCase by C. lytica LBH-14. The time for production of CMCase by a newly isolated marine bacterium with submerged fermentations reduced to 3 days, which resulted in enhanced productivity of CMCase and a decrease in its production cost.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 1984

Sep gene, which is one of the cell division genes coding for penicillin binding protein 3 was subcloned from ${\lambda}607sep^{+2}$ to plasmid pBR322. which has a strong promotor such as lac UV5(lacP). It was confirmed that the sep gene cloned to pLJ3 was in the proper orientation for expressionfrom lactose promotor. To analyze the expression efficiency of sep gene within the plasmids newly constructed, sep mRNA was assated by using ${\lambda$\mid$\;607sep^{+2}$ DNA as a probe. Sep mRNA level was increased 25 times in the cells carrying sep gene cloned to pBR322 compared to E. coli C600 which has wild type sep gene within the chromosome instead of plasmed. Furthermore, the cells carrying sep gene cloned to pLJ3 derected the synthesis of about 50 times as much sep mRNA as did cells carrying sep gene cloned to pBR 322, representing that the sep gene was successfully cloned to pLJ3.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.774-781
• /
• 2008

was performed and Staphylococcus sciuri, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterococcus faecalis were identified. No Salmonella strain, a typical contaminant of eggs, was found. The radiation sensitivities of isolated bacteria and Salmonella typhimurium, in an inoculated model system, were expressed in $D_{10}$ values. The ranges of $D_{10}$ values shown by S. typhimurium, S. sciuri, B. cereus, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and E. faecalis were 0.365-0.399 kGy, 0.418-0.471 kGy, 1.075-1.119 kGy, 0.280-0.304 kGy, 1.132-1.330 kGy, and 0.993-1.290 kGy, respectively. The growth of all six test bacteria in eggs (inoculated at $10^6-10^7\;CFU/g$) during 3 days of post-irradiation storage at ambient conditions ($25^{\circ}C$) was recorded. S. typhimurium was eliminated by irradiation at 3 kGy, and E. coli and S. sciuri were eliminated by irradiation at 5 kGy. The viable cell counts of B. cereus, P. mirabilis, and E. faecalis in eggs showed 4-6 log reductions after irradiation with 5 kGy.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.27 no.6 s.93
• /
• pp.406-411
• /
• 1999

The phylogenetic relationships of black-spored basidioid taxa (mainly coprinoid taxa) and an agaric-like gastroid taxon were studied. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) partially including 17S, 25S and 5.8S from 14 species (Coprinus comatus, C. atramentarius, C. micaceus, C. cinereus, C. disseminatus, C. rhizophorus, C. radians, C. echinosporus, Psathyrella candolleana, Podaxis pistillaris, Conocybe lactea, Bolbitius demangei, Agaricus balzei, and Stropharia rugosoannulata) were compared. The reciprocal homologies of ITS sequences among these species were in the range of $38.7{\sim}77.2%$. Black-spored taxa were classified into four clusters. Cluster I comprised C. micaceus, C. radians, and C. disseminata. Cluster II is consisted of C. cinereus, C. echinosporus, C. rhizophorus, and C. atramentarius. On the other hand, C. comatus is in cluster III with Agaricus balzei and Podaxis pistillaris even though this species is belonging to the section Coprinus in morphological aspect. Psathyrelloid taxon is included in cluster II. The question of the origin of secotioid (agaric-like) fungi has been taken, though largely on theoritical suggestions as to whether gastroid taxa give rise to agarics with secotioid taxa as intermediates or whether secotioid taxa are evolutionary novelities arising from many distinct groups of agarics. In this relationship, it was shown that secotioid taxon evolved from within agaric species.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.295-300
• /
• 2004

The identification of the leptin gene in 1994 and it's adipocytes specific protein leptin hal provided the first physiological links to the regulatory system controlling body weight and fat deposits. The meat tastes is mainly determined by quantifY and quality of triglyceride stored in adipose tissue. This study was conducted to analyze genetic cbaracteristics of Hanwoo leptin gene and also to investigate the association of DNA marlcer with some economic meat traits for Hanwoo. The leptin hormone gene polymorphisms were identified by digestion with Kpn2 I and Msp I. Slaughter weight(SWI), slaughter peroentage(SP), longissimus muscle area(LMA), beef marbling score(MS) and back fat thickness(BF) were compared among three genotypes by P(R..RFlJ> and showed significant differences among genotypes. PCR-RFLP(Kpn2 I) were detected significant for SP, MS and BF. The allele was essociated with fatter carcasses and C allele with leaner carcasses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.285-287
• /
• 2016

Background: The efficacy of standard treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is declining because of antibiotic resistance. Clarithromycin resistance is also increasing in many Asian countries. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of H. pylori infection and clinical association in Laos. Materials and Methods: A total of 329 Lao dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos during December 2010-March 2012 were enrolled in this study. During gastroscopy, 4 biopsies were collected (2 each from the antrum and body) for CLO-test and histopathology. Only the positive CLO-test gastric tissues was stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ in a freezer until DNA was extracted and a GenoType$^{(R)}$HelicoDR test was conducted for detecting mutations in the rrl gene encoding 23S rRNA (clarithromycin resistance) and mutations in gyrA gene (fluoroquinolone resistance). Results: Of the total, 119 Lao patients (36.2%) were infected with H. pylori including 59 males (49.6%) and 60 females (50.4%) with a mean age of 46 years. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori infection was demonstrated in 15 (12.6%) and 16 strains (13.4%) respectively. In clarithromycin resistance, the number of patients who had education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ were significantly higher than those who had education below primary school and BMI<$25kg/m^2$ (23.1% vs 7.5%, P-value= 0.036 and 20.5% vs 8%, P-value= 0.048, respectively). In fluoroquinolone resistance, the number of lowland Lao was significantly higher than those of non-lowland (highland and midland) Lao ethnic groups (16.7% vs 0%, P-value= 0.039). Conclusions: H. pylori infections remain common in Laos. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection are growing problems. Education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ might be predictors for clarithromycin resistance and lowland Lao ethnicity might be predictors for fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection in Laos.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2009

At the present study, it was aimed to explore the molecular genetic characterization of multiple antimicrobial resistant Salmonella spp. isolates from pigs and cattle. A total of 138 Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolates were typed with phage, among them, 83.3% of S. Typhimurium tested could divide into a 10 phage types. Definitive type 193 (DT193) (25.4%) and DT195 (24.6%) were exhibited as the dominant types. DT104 and U302 were found from pigs and cattle. On the other hand, S. Enteritidis had 6 phage types, of them, phage type 21 (PT21) and PT11b were the popular types. In the plasmid profiles, 135 of S. Typhimurium isolates were exhibited 1 to 6 plasmid bands which molecular weight ranged from 90 to 2kb. 35 isolates (25.4%) harbored a 90kb plasmid which is thought to be the serotype specific virulence plasmid. Two of twenty five S. Enteritidis had common plasmids at 2 and 1.5kb. With multiplex polymerase chain reaction, virulence genes (invA and spvC) were detected from all Salmonella spp. from 167 of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis and chloramphenicol resistant S. Schwarzengrund, but some drug resistant genes, such as PSE-1, cml/tetR and flo were not determined but other drug resistant genes, for example TEM and int were found. The detection rates of spvC, TEM and int gene was 35.3%, 29.3% and 72.5%, respectively. The TEM gene was highly popular in S. Typhimurium, which was detected from ampicillin and amoxicillin resistant strains as 95.9%. int gene was able to detect from all the isolates identified as multidrug resistsnt (MDR), particularly DT193 was thought as the most prevalent virulence and multidrug resistance isolate. The major plasmid profile and drug resistance pattern of DT193 were 90, 40, 10.5, 6.3, 3.0kb and ACCbDNaPSSuT, respectively. MDR was commonly found in other phage types, particularly DT104, U302 and DT203.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.436-446
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria in chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) lesions from 3 patients and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of them against 10 antibiotics. One of them was odontogenic origin and the others were non-odontogenic origin. Pus samples were collected by needle aspiration from the lesions and examined by culture method. Bacterial culture was performed in three culture systems (anaerobic, CO2, and aerobic incubator). Identification of the bacteria was performed by 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) nucleotide sequencing method. To test the sensitivity of the bacteria isolated from the maxillary sinusitis lesions against seven antibiotics, penicillin G, amoxicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using broth dilution assay. Our data showed that enterobacteria such as Enterobacter aerogenes (30%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), and Serratia marcescens (15%) were predominately isolated from the lesion of non-odontogenic CMS of senile patient (70 year old). Streptococcus spp. (40.3%), Actinomyces spp. (27.4%), P. nigrescens, M. micros, and P. anaerobius strains were isolated in the lesion of odontogenic CMS. In the lesion of non-odontogenic CMS, Streptococcus spp. (68.4%), Rothia spp. (13.2%), and Actinomyces sp. (10.5%) were isolated. The susceptibility pattern of 10 antibiotics was determined according to the host of the bacteria strains ratter than the kinds of bacterial species. Even though the number of CMS was limited as three, these results indicate that antibiotic susceptibility test must be accompanied with treatment of CMS. The combined treatment of two or more antibiotics is better than single antibiotic treatment in the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the CMS lesions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.364-373
• /
• 2015

As an effort to utilize alginate, 103 bacterial isolates that were positive for the alginate lyase activity were isolated from various clams and seawater samples collected in Incheon coastal area. Among them, 3 strains (M1-2-1, M6-1, and C8-15) were finally selected for further analysis based on their activities at higher levels than others. These isolates were all Gram-negative and rod shaped halophilic bacteria with motility. According to their physiological and biochemical properties as well as DNA sequence of their 16S rRNA genes, M1-2-1 and M6-1 were identified as a member of genus Pseudoalteromonas and C8-15 belonged to genus Vibrio. They exhibited the alginate degrading activity at the maximal level when they were cultured in APY broth for 6-8 h at $25^{\circ}C$. Both their growth and the enzyme activity were greatly enhanced when NaCl was added to the growth medium. The crude alginate lyases from the supernatants of the bacterial cultures showed the highest activity at $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0-8.0. M1-2-1 and M6-1 produced 2.723 and 1.976 g/L of reducing sugar from alginate, respectively, suggesting that they have potential for commercial application.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.322-333
• /
• 2017

In June and July 2015 and 2017, typical signs and symptoms of brown rot were observed on the fruit of Japanese apricot, peach, apricot, Japanese plum, and sweet cherry with incidence levels of 2-5% in Jeonju and Imsil, Korea. Early symptoms were small, circular, light brown spots that eventually destroyed entire fruit. Small sporodochia later appeared on the surface. Conidia isolated from each host were one-celled, hyaline, lemon-shaped and borne in branched monilioid chains. The optimal temperature range for hyphal growth of all the isolates was $20-25^{\circ}C$. The growth of hyphae was faster on potato dextrose agar and oatmeal agar than others. Multiple alignments using the ITS sequences from different host showed that they matched each other (100%). The ITS sequences showed 100% identity to those of M. fructicola. Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis via internal transcribed spacer (ITS), all the isolate was identified as M. fructicola. Pathogenicity of representative isolates was proved by artificial inoculation, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first confirmed report on brown rot caused by M. fructicola on stone fruit in Korea.