• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2003

In this paper, to apply piezoelectric transformer for PDA backlight inverter, piezoelectric transformer using the composition which $Nb_2O_5$ added into PNW-PMN-PZT ceramics was fabricated as Rosen-type one with the size of $1165mm^3$. And their electrical characteristics were investigated with the variations of load resistance and driving frequency And then, the driving circuit for PDA CCFL(0.6W) which composed of the two MOSFETs connecting in series was manufactured using piezoelectric transformer, VCO and one-chip microprocessor. After driving for 25 min using the proposed circuit for PDA CCFL(0.6W), driving frequency of 214.4kHz, input voltage of 31.78 V and input current of 21.1mA were shown. And then, output voltage of 293.2 V and output current of 2.2mA were shown. At the same time, efficiency of 96.2$\%$ and temperature rise of $3.6^{\circ}C$ were appeared at the piezoelectric transformer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.39
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• pp.79-89
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• 1998

This study was carried out the effect of stability and color extract for it's condition in the curcuma L.. dyeing. The stability is to investigate the absorbance of the curcumin, one of the major yellow pigments and the stability regarding the effect of light, oxygen temperature and pH. The dyeing condition is compared the effect of mordanting condition and the best way to extract pigment and analysed through the color-fastness rating, color-difference value test. The main results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1.The best and proper solvent to extrect curcumin pigment was a ethanol and a distilled water. 2. The light effect indicated that the absorbances of solution in absence of ligh was more stable. 3. The oxygen(O2) effect to curcumin show-ed that the condition in the absence of O2 was more stable than that in presence of O2 4. The temperature showed that the absorbnace was best stable in4$^{\circ}C$ and less changed at $25^{\circ}C$ 5. The curcumin-etanol solution was stable in pH 2~4. 6. Generally color-fastness rating to silk, wool and cotton indicated that crocking C.F. and perspiration C.F. were more than 3rd grade and dry cleaning C.F. was more than 4th grade. But light color-fastness and washing color-fastness were very poor. 7. To make good color fastness, the mordan-ting treated group and the pre-mordant conditions were more effective than others 8. When compared with color-difference value test indicated that the silk was looks like more reddish and bluish color and than the wool and cotton were greenish and bluish. As a mordant, A(C2H4OH(COOH3) and D(K2Cr2O7)were more effective to make green-ish color in the silk and the reddish color was abtained by B(Al.K(SO4)2.12H2O) and C(FeSO4.7H2O).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 2005

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of beta-mercaptoethanol ($\beta$-ME) supplements to the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration. Porcine cumulus-intact oocytes were matured in TCM-I99 medium containing porcine follicular fluid, sodium pyruvate, D-glucose, FBS, hormonal supplements, and $\beta$-ME (0, 25, 50 and 100 ${\mu}$M) for 36 to 46h. After culture, cumulus-free matured oocytes were co-incubated with epididymal spermatozoa for 18h. There were no significant differences in the maturation rate among treatment groups. However, increases (P < 0.05) in intracellular GSH concentration before and after. fertilization were observed in 50 ${\mu}$M $\beta$-ME supplements to the IVM medium. Also, increases (P < 0.05) in male pronuclear formation after IVF were observed in same treatment group. In conclusion, supplementing $\beta$-ME into the IVM medium increased intracellular GSH concentrations and increased fertilization in vitro.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.187-199
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• 1999

Bone remodeling is characterized by the continuing processes of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Bone metabolism is tightly regulated at the local level by networks of hormones, cytokines, and other factors. In pathological conditions of bone remodeling, including osteoporosis and periodontal diseases, inflammatory cytokines and local mediators are responsible for enhancement of osteoclast resorption and inhibition of repair at the sites of bone resorption. TNF-${\alpha}$ is a pleiotropic hormone with actions on the differentiation, growth, and functional activities of normal and malignant cells from numerous tissues. TNF-${\alpha}$ has been proposed as a local mediator of the control of bone turnover in situations of chronic inflammation, and it has been assumed that the local source of TNF-${\alpha}$ is the monocyte in the adjacent bone marrow or the local circulation. TNF-${\alpha}$ is a potent inducer of bone resorption. TNF-${\alpha}$ is known to induce the activation of apoptotic signaling pathway, which leads to the apoptosis of bone cells. We demonstrated that treatment of murine osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells with TNF-${\alpha}$ decreases proliferation as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in a dose depenent manner. In addition, TNF-${\alpha}$ increases osteoclast-like cell formation in $1{\alpha}$, 25(OH)2D3 or PGE2-treated bone marrow cell culture. When cells were cultured in TNF-${\alpha}$ free ${\alpha}$-MEM, this inhibitory effect of ALP activity was reversible up to 10 ng/ml TNF-${\alpha}$, in contrast, at the 20 ng/ml TNF-${\alpha}$, irreversible. In this concentration, TNF-${\alpha}$ may induce apoptosis in MC3T3E1 cells. In this study, TNF-${\alpha}$ induces apoptosis resulting in chromosomal DNA fragmentation, preceded by JNK/SAPKs and caspase-3 activation. Our present results show that JNK/SAPKs and caspase-3 are activated by TNF-${\alpha}$, suggesting that the JNK/SAPKs and caspase-3 participate in the bone resorption, associated with apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.176-181
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• 2009

In this work, a new type of DSCs based on nanoporous FTO structure is being developed for research aimed at low-cost high-efficiency solar cell application. The nanoporous FTO materials have been prepared through the sol-gel combustion method followed by thermal treatment at $450{\sim}850[^{\circ}C]$. The properties of the nanoporous FTO materials were investigated by IR spectra, BET and TEM analyses, and the photovoltaic performance of the prepared DSCs were examined. It can be seen from the result that the nanoporous FTO exhibited good transparent conductive properties, well suited for DSCs application.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2009

The production of Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT) by S. griseus IFO13350 transformed with the expression vector pWHM3-TR1R2, containing sprT encoding SGT and the two positive regulatory genes sgtR1 and sgtR2, was investigated in various media. Cultivation in Ferm-0 gave 1.4 times more trypsin activity than in C5/L medium. In addition, replacement of 2% glucose and 1% skim milk in Ferm-0 with 2% dextrin and 1% tryptone (designated Ferm-II) enhanced trypsin activity 4.1-fold. To simplify the purification process, the supernatant from the S. griseus transformant cultured in Ferm-II medium was fractionated with ammonium sulfate (25-55%), then subjected to Hitrap Benzamidine FF affinity column chromatography. The specific activity of SGT purified by one-step chromatography was 69,550 unit/mg protein and the overall purification yield was above 8%, indicating that this method is more effective than those previously reported. Purified SGT was most active at pH 8.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, and it maintained activity between pH 7.0 and 9.0 and at temperatures up to $70^{\circ}C$. These enzymatic properties are very similar to those of authentic eukaryotic trypsin purified from bovine pancreas.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.199-199
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• 2011

유량을 측정하는 수로 중 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 유량 계측 수공구조물은 위어와 파샬플륨이다. 하지만 위어는 직상류부분에 유사가 퇴적되는 단점을 가진 반면, 파샬플륨의 경우 부유사의 침전이 일어나지 않는 장점이 있다. 또한 파샬플륨의 손실수두는 위어의 약 25%에 불과하므로 파샬플륨이 계측수로로써 위어보다 상대적으로 유리하다. 현재 파샬플륨 내 흐름 특성에 관한 연구는 많이 이루어져 있으나 구조물 하류구간에서 발생하는 세굴에 관한 연구는 다소 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 유랑을 측정하는 계측 수공구조물인 파샬플륨의 하류구간 세굴을 수치모의를 통해 검토한 후 이를 바탕으로 물받이 길이를 산정하였다. 수치모의의 적정성 평가를 위해 국제표준화기구(ISO)에서 제시한 ISO No.1에 대해 세굴에 관한 수리모형실험을 실시한 후 수치모의와 비교한 결과 세굴 경향성이 유사하게 나타났다. 파샬플륨 규모별로 하류구간 세굴을 수치모의 한 결과 세굴 경향은 흐름에 따라 크게 4단계로 나뉘었다. 각 단계별로 도수의 위치가 다르며, 이로인하여 세굴 경향이 바뀌는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 도수의 발생 위치가 파샬플륨 내부에서 하류로 이동하면서 세굴심과 세굴 거리가 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 도수의 발생 위치가 옮겨지기 전 최대 세굴심과 세굴 거리를 이용하여 물받이 길이를 결정하였으며, 도수의 발생 위치를 물받이 위치에 고정시키기 위하여 물받이 형상을 정수지형 물받이로 결정하였다. 산정된 물받이 길이 및 형상의 적정성을 검증하기 위하여 물받이를 ISO No.1에 적용한 후 수치모의를 수행하였다. 수치모의 결과 최대 세굴심은 설치전에 비하여 27.3% 감소하였으며 이에 따라 제시된 물받이는 적정하다고 판단된다. 추후 세굴에 관한 수리모형실험과 수치모의의 결과 비교시 최대세굴심 구간을 제외한 부분의 차이발생의 원인과 다른 형상의 물받이에 관하여 연구를 수행한다면 파샬플륨을 설계시 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 세굴로 인한 파샬플륨의 손상을 방지하는데 기여할 것이라고 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.539-546
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• 1999

Bone is a complex tissue in which resorption and formation continue throughout life. The bone tissue contains various types of cells, of which the bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts are mainly responsible for bone remodeling. Periodontal disease represents example of abnormal bone remodeling. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells present only in bone. It is believed that osteoclast progenitors are hematopoietic origin, and they are recruited from hematopoietic tissues such as bone marrow and circulating blood to bone. Cells present in the osteoclast microenvironment include marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and marrow cells. These cells produce cytokines that can affect osteoclast formation. In vitro model systems using bone marrow cultures have demonstrated that $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-3,\;TNF-{\alpha},$ bFGF can stimulate the formation of osteoclasts. In contrast, IL-4 inhibits osteoclast formation. Knowledge of cytokines and bFGF that affect osteoclast formation and their capacity to modulate the bone-resorbing process should provide critical insights into normal calcium homeostasis and disorders of bone turnover such as periodontal disease, osteoporosis and Paget's disease.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 1982

In an anaerobic incubation of uniformly ring-labeled $^{14}C-butachlor$ in two Korean soils for 3 months, very little $^{14}CO_2$ and volatile products were measured. In soil A, 77.52 and 45.36% of the sterile and viable soil radioactivity, respectively, were methanol-extractable and the rest were adsorbed in soil; whereas in soil B, 58.85 and 37.23%, respectively, were methanol-extractable and the rest remained in soil. The adsorption of $^{14}C-butachlor$ depends on the characteristics of the soils. The major metabolite was 2,6-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide. 2,6-Diethylaniline and 2,6-diethylacetanilide turned out to be the minor metabolites on GLC-MS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the effect of habitual Na and Ca intake on blood pressure regulation, we measured the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca, urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive and total subjects were divided into four groups according to habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca as low Na-low Ca(LNLC), low Na-high Ca(LNHC), high Na-low Ca(HNLC), and high Na-high Ca(HNHC). HNLC hypertensive group showed the lowest level of plasma renin activity, 25-(OH) Vit D$_3$, calcitonin and serum total Ca, and presented the highest level of PTH and urinary excretions of Na/K and Ca/Cr. There were no significant difference in plasma level of aldosterone and urinary excretion of Na and K among four hypertensive groups. When all subjects were divided into four groups according to the same method, HNLC group showed the highest level of blood pressure with no statistical significance and the lowest level of calcitonin and total serum Ca. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone has a mutual relationship in hypertension. Na and Ca may interact each other, rather than affecting independently blood pressure control. As a result, considering the fact that daily balance of Na and Ca intakes affects Na and Ca regulating hormones and urinary excretion of Na and Ca, it may be involved in blood pressure control. These results suggest that maintaining an adequate intake of Ca with less intake of Na may prevent from the risk of hypertension. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 409~416, 2001)