• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.801-808
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• 2004

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate disease in middle aged and elderly men. Therefore, identifying risk factors for BPH is crucial for understanding the etiology and for undertaking interventions or targeting strategies. The survey was carried out in two steps: first, pilot study was conducted prior to the main study in order to estimate baseline characteristics. Second, main study investigated prevalence and risk factors of BPH by clinical diagnostic tests and questionnaire. A total of 641 male aged 50-79 years participated in this community-based cross-sectional study. Using 24 hour recall of food consumption, we found that animal fat intakes increased the risk of BPH with adjusted for age, chronic bronchitis, PSA level, drinking frequency, and excercise frequency (odds ratio 1.84,95% confidence interval 1.10-3.06) . Although BPH has been considered as unavoidable disease with advancing age, if these dietary risk factors are clearly identified, it can be prevented effectively by laying special emphasis on those at risk.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.274-281
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• 1996

A bacterium producing Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase (CGTase) and Cyclodextrinase (CDase) was isolated from soil, and named as Bacillus stearothermophilus KJ16. The growth of the isolated strain occurred in two steps, and syntheses of CGTase and CDase were dependedt on the growth cycle of the cell. CGTase was constitutively synthesized during the 1st growing phase, while CDase was synthesized inducibly during the 2nd growing phase. When the midium pH was controlled at 7.0 the maximum enzyme activities of CGTase and CDase were increased by 12-fold (1300 mU/ml) and 2-fold (225 mU/ml), respectively, compared with the pH-uncontrolled batch culture. The CGTase of the isolate converted soluble starch to CDs with the ratio of $\alpha$-CD:$\beta$-CD:$\gamma$-CD=42:46:12 at $55^{\circ}C$.The optimal pH and temperature of CGTase were 6.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively and the optimal pH and temperature of CDase were 6.0 and $55^{\circ}C$. The molecular weights of the purified CGTase and CDase were estimated to be 65, 000 and 68, 000 dalton, respectively. Among several substrates, $\gamma$-CD was most rapidly hydrolyzed by the purified CDase.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the discourse of puberty in the early teenage girls. Method: The participants were 24, 11-15years old girls who were interviewed in face-to-face using a semi-structured questionnaire. The interviews were done between October 29 and December 27 2003. Analysis of the qualitative data was done in 2 steps. Results: First, the theme of the girls' puberty discourse was identifying normality and consisted of 5 categories : i) defining puberty as experiencing changes, ⅱ) acknowledging their own puberty connecting it with their definitions of puberty, ⅲ) selectively excluding/recognizing the actual pubertal changes by seeing themselves as nonsexual and negative beings, ⅳ) recognizing the pubertal changes as becoming women and making them not peculiar but normal, and ⅴ) sharing the knowledge and experience of change inactively and exclusively and resisting the dominant discourse. Three main discourse frames, marking off sexual/nonsexual, man/women, and major/minor were revealed in the second step of the analysis. They were intricately woven with each other and converged on sex. Conclusion: The girls posited themselves as being asexual, unstable, and marginal. So there is a need to help them recognize their pubertal state as physical and mental paradigmatic changes and assure their pubertal changes as positive.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.515-536
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• 2014

In the present study, we analyze four seventh grade students' recognition of geometric properties and the following justification processes while their adopting different construction approaches in GSP(Geometer's Sketchpad). As the students recognized dependency and level-1 invariants by dragging activities, they determined their own construction approaches. Two students, who preferred robust construction, immediately recognized the path of a draggable point and provided step-1 justification. The other students attempted soft construction followed by their recognition of level-2 invariants and the path, and came to step-2 justification.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.474-478
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• 1999

SAR interferometry (InSAR) using the space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) have recently become one of the most effective tools monitoring surface changes caused by landslides, earthquakes, subsidences or volcanic eruption. This study focuses on examining the feasibility of InSAR using the RADARSAT data. Although the RABARSAT SAR with its high resolution and variable incidence angle has several advantages for repeat-pass InSAR, it has two key limitations: first, the orbit is not precisely known; and second, RADARSAT's 24-day repeat pass interval is not very favourable for retaining useful coherence. In this study, two pairs of RADARSAT data in the Nahanni area, NWT, Canada have been tested. We will discuss about the special consideration required on the interferometric processing steps specifically for RADARSAT data including image co-registration, spectral filtering in both azimuth and range, estimation of the interferometric baseline, and correction of the interferogram with respect to the "flat earth" phase contribution. Preliminary results can be summarized as: i) the properly designed azimuth filter based upon the antenna characteristic improves coherence considerably if difference in Doppler centroid of the two images is relatively large; ii) the co-registration process combined by fringe spectrum and amplitude cross-correlation techniques results in optimal matching; iii) the baseline is not always possible to be estimated from the definitive orbit information.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

Objective This study was designed to collect latest papers and to find more effective approach for Postmenopausal Women Methods We searched 85 papers in English from Pubmed(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and selected 40 in favor of our study. In addition to that, we searched 24 papers in Korean from Kiss(www.kiss.kstudy.com) and Medric(www.medric.or.kr). Results are as follows. Results and conclusion Many studies showed that postmenopausal obesity causes cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, breast cancer and decrease in immunity. To prevent and treat obesity, many studies suggested that dietary and exercise are most effective methods. If needed, medicine and hormone therapy may be recommended as next steps. But, Herb medication and acupuncture are not used yet as postmenopausal obesity treatment around the world. Postmenopausal obesity is significant, resulting in many medical problems. We hope more effective treatment based on these studies and combined with Korean traditional medicine could be developed after.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 1993

Free tissue transplantation is commonly performed with the brilliant achievement in microsurgery and anticoagulants and antithrombotic agents have been prescribed in the procedures. However, there is no clean-cut indication as to which agents would be more effective in every steps and final consequences. Low molecular weight heparins inhibiting coagulation in plateletrich plasma and acting on the vascular endothelium have antithrombotic and fibrinolysis action. The experiment with rat groin free flap transplantation after 6-hour ischemia and injection of the low molecular weight heparin was performed and the results between the injection and non-injection group were analysed as follows, 1. Both of the 24-hour groups, vessel patency was not proportional to color change of the groin flap. 2. On the second day after anastomois, heparin-injection group showed intact intima, patent lumen without thrombus, and mild granulomatous inflammation around the suture material and control group with doubtful patency revealed intimal loss and thrombus formation. 3. On the 5th, 7th, and 9th postoperative day, heparin group was patent in anastomosis and showed acute inflammatory cells. 4. The 7th-week period, heparin-injection group showed intact flap color, patent lumen with intact intima and persistent foreign body granuloma.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.10B
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• pp.1902-1911
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• 1999

In this paper we present a content-based image retrieval algorithm using the visual feature vectors which describe the spatial characteristics of objects. The proposed technique uses the Gaussian mixture model(GMM) to represent multi-colored objects and the expectation maximization(EM) algorithm is employed to estimate the maximum likelihood(ML) parameters of the model. After image segmentation is performed based on GMM, the shape and color features are extracted from each object using Fourier descriptors and color histograms, respectively. Image retrieval consists of two steps: first, the shape-based query is carried out to find the candidate images whose objects have the similar shapes with the query image and second, the color-based query is followed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in image retrieving by using the spatial and visual features of segmented objects.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.27-47
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• 1999

Many enterprises are interested in using the IS development methodologies as a means of increasing system performance and solving the problems of delayed delivery time, excessive budget, and failure of integrated systems. Even if previous researches showed that the system productivity and quality improvement using the system development methodologies are very poor, we tried to find that the methodologies are meaningful as an innovative means for IS performance. We defined that the IS development methodology as a technical and managerial innovation for IS department. We intended to study the relationship between the implementation process of the IS development methodology divided into four steps and IS performance. A cross-sectional field survey with IS departments of domestic companies was conducted, and we used LISREL 8.12a to perform the structural equation model analysis and hypothesis verification. We found the meaningful relationship between the development methodology and qualitative performance. We reconfirmed that the relationship between the development methodology and quantitative performance is not meaningful as expected, which is the same result with the previous researches. But the qualitative performance affects very strongly to the quantitative performance. As a results, we suggest that IS managers and developers keep the principles of the IS development methodologies to get the quantitative performance through the qualitative performance improvement.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.355-359
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• 2019

Exosomes, known as nanoscale extracellular vesicles in the range of 30-150 nm, are known to contain clinically significant information. However, there is still insufficient information on exosomal membrane proteins for cancer diagnosis. In this work, we investigated the characteristics of the membrane proteins of exosomes shed by cultured breast cancer cell lines using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and pre-activated alkanethiols modified sensor chips. The antibodies of breast cancer biomarkers such as MCU-16, EpCAM, CD24, ErbB2, and CA19-9 were immobilized on the pre-activated alkanethiols surfaces without any activation steps. The purified exosomes were loaded onto each antibody surface. The affinity rank of the antibody surfaces was decided by the relative capture efficiency factors for the exosomes. In addition, an antibody with a relative capture efficiency close to 100% was tested with exosome concentration levels of 10⁴/µl, 10⁵/µl, and 10⁶/µl for quantitative analysis.