• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between demographic variables and seven aspects of clothing behavior of adult males, and to attempt to develop the measurement of men's clothing behavior. Age was ranked by five gradation (20∼60 ages) and socio-economic status was divided into three categories (high, middle, low) based on the subjects' education, occupation and economic status. Six aspects of clothing comfort, satisfaction, status symbol, conformity, fashion interest and clothing acceptance I were assessed with Koh's, Chung's and Lee's questionnaires. Clothing acceptance by line-drawing of clothing syles representing different levels of formality for occasions designed to measure the awareness of appropriate clothing category of business suits. The questionnaires in this study were administered to a sample of men living in Seoul. The sample was drawn by the random-cluster sampling method. The data from 362 respondants were analysed. To determine the internal validity of clothing behavior mesurement, factor analysis was computed, whereas to determine the reliability, Cronbach's alpha was calculated. The statistical methods adopted were correlation, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1) As for clothing behavior instruments, items dealing with status symbol and fashion nterest were proved to be satisfactory as a measurement of adult males. Eight factors emerged on clothing acceptance Ⅱ, most of which were representing unappropriate clothing choice for occasion. 2) Demographic variables were significantly related to the adult males' clothing behavior. (1) Age was positively related to clothing conformity but negatively to fashion interest. (2) Socio-economic status was positively related to clothing satisfaction, status symbol, and fashion interest but negatively to clothing confort. (3) When age was controlled, socio-economic status was negatively related to comfort in 40∼50s age group only, and negatively related to clothing conformity in 20∼30s age group only. (4) Four subscales of clothing acceptance Ⅱ representing unappro-priate clothing practice for selected occasions were negatively related to age and/or socio-economic status.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2018

In modern society, speech recognition technology is emerging as an important technology for identification in electronic commerce, forensics, law enforcement, and other systems. In this study, we aim to develop an age classification algorithm for extracting only MFCC(Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient) expressing the characteristics of speech in Korean and applying it to deep learning technology. The algorithm for extracting the 13th order MFCC from Korean data and constructing a data set, and using the artificial intelligence algorithm, deep artificial neural network, to classify males in their 20s, 30s, and 50s, and females in their 20s, 40s, and 50s. finally, our model confirmed the classification accuracy of 78.6% and 71.9% for males and females, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.543-551
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the fitness of a Path model to represent relations between stress, social support, depression, and suicidal ideation in middle-aged males. The participants were 236 middle-aged males, and data were collected from April 11 to June 1, 2018. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlations in PASW Ver. 21.0, and AMOS Ver. 18.0 (a statistical structural equation modeling program), fitness characteristics of the final model were RMSEA 0.05, GFI 0.98, AGFI 0.95, and NFI 0.98. The major study results were as follows. First, stress had a direct effect on depression and drinking, and social support had a direct effect on depression. Second, stress and social support both directly affected suicidal ideation. Results also suggested depression had partial mediating effects on relations between stress, social support, and suicidal ideation. We suggest a program be devised to reduce suicidal ideation by middle-aged males. It is hoped our results will provide basic data for future studies.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.1893-1895
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• 2008

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment(MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects(14 males: $22.7{\pm}2.5yrs$, 13 females: $20.5{\pm}1.3yrs$) and the elderly subjects(17 males: $65.8{\pm}10.5yrs$, 26 females: $71.4{\pm}5.2yrs$). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-63
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• 2005

The study with the subjects at 200 adult males in Busan in their 20s had a purpose at analyzing lateral body shapes to develop men's educational dress forms. The following are the conclusions: 1. Comparison at the Body Dimensions at Busan Male Adults in Their 20s and the 5th Survey at Korean Body Measurement In the comparison at the Busan and national body dimensions by way at Mollison's relative deviation, all compared items were under the deviation of 0.7. Therefore, the sample of Busan male grown-ups is understood io represent the body shapes of the average Korean male adults in their 20s. 2. Results of Lateral Body Shape Classification From factor analysis, seven factors were produced to explain 75.45% of all variables. Those 7 factors to compose lateral body shapes were hip prominence, back-neck sides, upper body's front-back depth, lateral upper body depth, hip-waist depth, front chest-waist depth, and hip and waist height. Cluster analysis revealed four characteristic lateral body shapes. Type 1 with the appearance rate of 11.70%, named D, had the greatest upper chest angle and tanterior neck lower angle. The front side was more developed. Type 2 with 33.51%, named I, was generally long and slender. Type 3 with 24.47%, named d, had the biggest depth differences in hip-chest as well as more prominent back hip. Type 4 with 30.32%, named q, had the biggest dorsal upper angle and the tiniest chest upper angle as the back area was a little bent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.149-165
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• 2000

As recent developments of Immunology and Nuclear medicine, serum IgE and IgG values are helpful in the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic effects of nasal allergies. But in Korea, air pollution and the increased use of food additives have become leading factors in nasal allergies, It seems to be induced by environmental change, especially industrialization and urbanization, so allergic rhinitis in our environment has changed in accordance with the changes made in the living environment. Therefore this study is attempted in order to observe a clinical analysis which places more importance on allergic rhinitis. We studied 200 patients who had visited Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center with allergic rhinitis from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999 The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 114 males(57%) and 86 females(43%). In age distribution, the average age was 25. In males, ages ranged from 3 to 66 years old and the average was 23.81. In females, ages ranged from 4 to 67 years old and the average was 28.57. The peak age was 30～39 years old(24%); under 9 years old and 10～19 years old were each 18%; 20～29 years old was 22%; 40～49 years old was 11 %; over 50 years old 6.5%. The gulf between males and females showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.025). 2. In the age of onset, male' s maximum was 62.5, minimum was 0.25; female s maximum was 59.5, minimum was 0.2. Under 9 years old was the most with 34%(male 24%, female 10%), 10～19 years old was 18%, 20～29 years old was 22.5%, 30～39 years old was 13.50%, over 40 years old was 12%, The gulf between males and females were showed statistically significant difference.(p<0.014) 3. The average duration of the disease was 5.67 years. In male and female, the maximum was 30, the minimum was 0.05; under 5 years old was the most with 62%(male 34.50%, female 27.50%); 6～10 years old was 23%. So, under 10 years old was 85%. There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of disease. 4. Regarding type of residence, 47.50% of patients with allergic rhinitis lived in apartments, 52.50% lived in houses. In males, 29.50% lived in apartments, 27.50% lived in houses. In females, 18% lived in apartments, 25% lived in houses. There was no statistically significant difference in the residence by T-test and chi-test. 5. In the distribution of season, spring is the most with 29.5% of patients, winter 28%, fall 25.5%, and summer 17%. But there was no statistically significant difference. 6. After observing 200 patients with allergic rhinitis, classifying main symptoms into 5 types, sneezing was the main symptom in 177cases(88.50%), nasal obstruction in 176cases(88%), rhinorrhea in 169cases(84.5%), post nasal discharge in 87cases(43.50%), and itching in I04cases(52%). The Cumulus ration is 98.50% and symptoms overlapped with an average 3.57±0.1 times but in an analysis of variance of these symptoms, the gulf between males and females was not recognized as statistically significant by T-test and ANOVA. 7. Patients whose families have allergic diseases account for 90 cases(45%) : 49cases(24.50%) male and 41cases(20.50%) female. There were 4 cases (71.11 %) whose families have allergic rhinitis, 9cases(10%) of asthma, and 7.78% with allergic dermatitis. There were 61 (67.80%) cases of patients whose parents have allergic diseases; cases wherein the patient s child had allergic diseases numbered 13 (14.45%); and cases with a sibling with allergic diseases totalled 16cases (17.80%). There was no statistically significant difference in allergic disease regarding sex, parents, or siblings by chi-test. 8. Blood type: For males, type A is the most common, with 37cases(18.5%), followed by type B with 32cases(16%), type O 28cases(l4%) and type AB 13cases(6.5%). For females, type B is the most common, with 30cases(15%), followed by type O with 23cases(l1.5%), type A with 18cases(9%) and type AB with 13cases(6.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in blood type by chi-test. 9. In the selection of prefered food, most patients prefer cool food, with 98 such cases(49%), tepid food in 54cases(27%) and warm food in 48cases(24%). These showed a statistically significant difference in the selection of prefered food between males and females by chi-test(p<0.009). 10. The state of Past History was classified into II types. chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is the most common with 11cases (18.64%), tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy is 8cases(l3.56%), sinusitis is 6cases(10.17%), nasal septum deviation is 4cases, nasal polyp is 2cases, others are 10cases(l6.95%). No statistically significant difference in past history between males and females was shown, but a statistically significant difference was shown when males and females were compared with total cases by T-test(p<0.002, P<0.0008). 11. Regarding complications, 37 patients (28.91%) had sinusitis: 22cases(17.19%) in male, 15cases(11.72%) in female. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was found in 15cases(11.72%). Others are under 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in the type of complications between males and females, but a statistically significant difference was shown when males and females were compared with total cases by T-test(P<0.00l, P<0.007). 12. In the treatment, medication was used 1691 times, an average of 2.58 times. No.34 was used 370 times for 124 cases, an average of 2.98 times. No. 152 was used 318 times for 106 cases, an average of 3.00 times. No.151 was used 307 times for 97cases, an average of 3.16 times. No. 31 was used 117 times for 33 cases, an average of 3.55 times. No 25 was used 116 times for 33 cases, an average of 3.52 times. 13. In the duration of treatment, the most frequent is 1 week(69cases, 34.50%), the maximum is 20weeks, and the minimum is 1week. A treatment period of 2～3 weeks accounted for 32% of cases, a period of 4～5weeks accounted for 13.5%. The gulf between males and females showed a statistically significant difference in the duration of treatment.(p<0.01). There was a statistical significance when the males were compared with total cases by ANOVA(P<0.03). 14. A comparison between before-treatment and after-treatment showed a statistically significant difference in treatment by T-test (p<0.01) and F-test (p<0.0058).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.270-279
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to classify twenties males'lateral body shapes into a few representative types and to give each type a name to symbolize its typical shape clearly .297 male subjects in their twenties participated in this study. 33 anthropometric and 31 photographic measurements were taken from each subject. The data were reduced to 7 factors. The factor score composing the lateral body shapes was classified into 3 clusters. As the result the lateral body shapes of the males were classified into I, S, types.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.313-324
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate in the Age-Specific Choice Attributes of Bakery Product Purchasers on Gyeongbuk. The results were as follows : The findings of survey showed that in general characteristics of respondents, the number of males was 194(33.4%) and females 387(66.6%), so the number of females was slightly higher than that of males. On the matter of bakery purchase attributes, in the case of food life by ages, the 20s belonged to more 'taste-interest type'(44.7%) and the 30s~50s were more 'health-interest type'(p<0.001). When purchasing bakery products, consumers had different importance factors such as taste 61.8%, nutrition 17.6%, price 9.1%. In terms of taste, by ages the 20s were 73.9%, the 30s 65.8%, the 40s 55.8% and the 50s 46.0%(p<0.001). In bakery-using type, franchise bakery was 70.4%, window bakery 16.0%, in the case of franchise bakery by ages, the 20s were 70.2%, the 30s 78.1%, the 40s 72.1% and the 50s 56.0%(p<0.001). In their preference of bakery products, various kinds of sandwich the 20s liked by 37.3%, the 50s by 12.0%(p<0.001). Natural fermented bread accounted for 14.9% in the 20s and 37.0% in the 50s(p<0.001).

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.58-75
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• 2007

This study held human measurement for 200 male subjects in their twenties in full age living in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province in China. Their lower body types were classified and grouped according to shapes and sizes. Consequently, representative body type reflecting shapes, sizes, and characteristics were chosen and presented with their measurement values to be used as the basic data for slacks pattern making and fitness evaluation. The following are the results of the analysis: 1. Homogeneity analysis was given to determine the correspondence relationships among index types, indirect types, and size types. Index Type 1 (H-Round), Indirect Type 2 (Adjacent Straight Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 1 (Medium-Thick) were correlated; Index Type 2 (A-Trapezoid), Indirect Type 1 (Bow Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 3 (Small-Slim) were corresponded; Index Type 3 (A-Balance), Indirect Type 3 (Balance Legs & Large Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 2 (Tall-Normal) were mutually related. 2. Mahalanobis distance based on each shape factor (index or indirect) and size factor (absolute) was obtained, while an index-absolute representative body type group (47 people, 24.4%) and an indirect-absolute representative body type group (45 people, 23.7%) were chosen, each reflecting shapes, sizes, and characteristics. 3. The representative body type group of lower body shapes of Chinese males in their 20s had average measurement values, such as 169.15cm (stature), 73.32cm (waist circumference), 75.76cm (omphalion waist circumference), 91.08cm (hip circumference), 106.02cm (outside leg length), 53.96cm (thigh circumference), and 74.42cm (crotch length).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1973

The authors had studied the oral environmental changes by salivary salivary pH, amount, periodontal Index in patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Among the subjects, The experimental group was consisted of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) of 20-29 years and 100 persons of control group (50 males and 50 females) of 20-29 years. The measurement of salivary amount was performed with wide mouthed plastic (2 Inches) bottle for avoidance of Ionization of SiO2 by using of glass bottle and salivary pH was checked by pH meter 27 radiometer Copenhagen. The results are as follows : 1. The slivary pH does not appear to be characteristic of tuberculous paticents. 2. The obtained salivary amount indicated no significant to the tuberculous patients as compared to the obtained supposedely wealthg individuals. 3. The Russel Index wasfound higher and there had found more periodontal involvement(3 times than normal) in the experimental group.