• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2022

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent used in various human personal care products against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of TCS-resistant bacteria in sewage water in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, for the first time. TCS-supplemented Luria Bertani (LB) agar was used to isolate TCS-tolerant bacteria. A total of 17 TCS-resistant isolates were randomly selected from a large pool of bacteria that showed growth on TCS-supplemented LB agar. Based on gram staining and physiochemical characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as Salmonella typhi (n = 6), Escherichia coli (n = 4), Citrobacter freundii (n = 4), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1). The Triclosan mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the isolates of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 23.66 ㎍ ml^-1, 18.75 ㎍ ml^-1, 42 ㎍ ml^-1, 32 ㎍ ml^-1, 64 ㎍ ml^-1, and 128 ㎍ ml^-1, respectively. The antibiogram revealed that all isolates were resistant to penicillin G (100%) and linezolid (100%), followed by ampicillin (94%), tetracycline (76%), tazobactam (76%), sulbactam/cefoperazone (64%), polymyxin PB (58%), amikacin (29.41%), aztreonam (29.41%), imipenem (5%), and gentamicin (5%). This is the first known study regarding the isolation of TCS-tolerant bacteria from sewage water in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. It was concluded that all the TCS-resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, mostly belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Background: In Japan, new regulations that revise the dose limit for the lens of the eye (hereafter the lens), operational quantities, and measurement positions for the lens dose were enforced in April 2021. Based on the international safety standards, national guidelines, the results of the Radiation Safety Research Promotion Fund of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, and other studies, the Working Group of Radiation Protection Standardization Committee, the Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS) developed a guideline for radiation dose monitoring for the lens. Materials and Methods: The Working Group of the JHPS discussed the criteria of non-uniform exposure and the management criteria set not to exceed the dose limit for the lens. Results and Discussion: In July 2020, the JHPS guideline was published. The guideline consists of three parts: main text, explanations, and 26 examples. In the questions, the corresponding answers were prepared, and specific examples were provided to enable similar cases to be addressed. Conclusion: With the development of the guideline on radiation dose monitoring of the lens, radiation managers and workers will be able to smoothly comply with revised regulations and optimize radiation protection.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 애플망고 껍질의 열수 및 70% 에탄올 추출물의 미백 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 애플망고 껍질의 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 미백 효과를 측정하기 위해 tyrosinase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, 최종 농도인 1,000 ㎍/ml에서 열수 추출물은 9%, 에탄올 추출물은 35%의 저해 효과를 보였다. 세포를 통해 미백효과를 측정하고자 멜라노마세포인 B16-F10을 이용해 세포 생존율을 MTT assay를 사용하여 측정하였다. 세포 생존율 측정 결과, 100 ㎍/ml 농도에서 각각 95.64%, 103.36%의 세포 생존율을 나타내었다. 이후 실험은 세포 생존율이 95% 이상 나타난 농도인 100 ㎍/ml 이하의 농도에서 실험을 수행하였다. 미백 효과는 멜라닌 합성에 관여하는 인자의 단백질 및 mRNA 발현을 측정하여 결정하였다. 단백질 발현은 western blot을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 그 결과 MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1 및 TRP-2에 대한 단백질 발현은 100 ㎍/ml 농도에서 열수 추출물에 의해 59%, 65%, 26%, 18% 감소하였고, 에탄올 추출물에 의해 64%, 40%, 18%, 52% 감소하였다. MITF, Tyrosinase, TRP-1 및 TRP-2의 mRNA 발현은 RT-PCR을 통해 확인하였으며, 그 결과 100 ㎍/ml에서 열수 추출물에 의해 27%, 44%, 40%, 22% 감소하였고, 에탄올 추출물에 의해 9%, 51%, 11%, 52% 감소하였다. 따라서 애플망고 껍질 추출물이 미백 효과가 있음을 확인하였고, 천연물 소재로서의 이용가치가 높을 것으로 사료되어진다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2022

In our greenhouse experiment, soil heat treatment groups (50, 80, and 121℃) significantly promoted growth and disease suppression of Panax notoginseng in consecutively cultivated soil (CCS) samples (p < 0.01), and 80℃ worked better than 50℃ and 121℃ (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that heat treatment at 80℃ changes the microbial diversity in CCS, and the inhibition ratios of culturable microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, were nearly 100%. However, the heat-tolerant bacterial community was preserved. The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analyses indicated that the soil heat treatment had a greater effect on the Chao1 index and Shannon's diversity index of bacteria than fungi, and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly higher than without heating (80 and 121℃, p < 0.05). Soil probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus (67%), Sporosarcina (9%), Paenibacillus (6%), Paenisporosarcina (6%), and Cohnella (4%), remained in the soil after the 80℃ and 121℃ heat treatments. Although steam increased the relative abundances of most of the heat-tolerant microbes before sowing, richness and diversity gradually recovered to the level of CCS, regardless of fungi or bacteria, after replanting. Thus, we added heat-tolerant microbes (such as Bacillus) after steaming, which reduced the relative abundance of pathogens, recruited antagonistic bacteria, and provided a long-term protective effect compared to the steaming and Bacillus alone (p < 0.05). Taken together, the current study provides novel insight into sustainable agriculture in a consecutively cultivated system.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2022

본 논문은 활성탄에 의해 작용기가 다른 말라카이트 그린(MG), 다이렉트 레드 81 (DR 81) 및 티오플라빈 S (TS)의 흡착에 대한 파라미터 특성(PH 효과, 등온선, 동역학 및 열역학 파라미터) 및 염료의 경쟁 흡착에 대해 조사하였다. Langmuir, Freundlich 및 Temkin 등온선 모델을 사용하여 염료의 흡착 메커니즘 및 활성탄에 의한 흡착 처리의 적합성을 평가했다. Langmuir 무차원 분리 계수 값은 활성탄에 의한 세 가지 염료의 흡착 처리가 효과적인 방법임을 나타내었다. 활성탄에 대한 세 가지 염료의 흡착 메커니즘은 Temkin 식에서 계산된 흡착열로부터 물리 흡착임을 확인하였다. 세 가지 염료의 흡착 동역학은 유사 2차 모델에 가까웠으며 잘 일치함을 보여주었다. 활성탄에 의한 세 가지 염료의 흡착 과정의 속도 지배 단계는 입자내 확산이었다. 양의 엔탈피와 엔트로피 변화는 각각 흡열 반응과 고액계면에서 흡착에 의한 무질서도가 증가함을 나타내었다. 세 가지 염료의 음의 Gibbs 자유 에너지 값은 온도가 증가함에 따라 자발성이 높아지는 것을 나타냈다. 삼성분 경쟁흡착에서 흡착능력이 높은 MG는 혼합용액에서 DR 81과 TS에 의해 약간의 방해를 받았으나, 흡착능력이 낮은 DR 81과 TS는 흡착력이 좋은 MG의 영향을 받아 흡착률이 크게 증가하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2022

Objective : Although radiotherapy (RT) is recommended for multiple myeloma (MM) involving spine, the treatment of choice between reconstructive surgery with RT and RT alone for pathologic vertebral fractures (PVFs) associated with structural instability or neurologic compromises remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacies of reconstructive surgery with adjuvant RT for treatment of MM with PVFs by comparing with matched cohorts treated with RT alone. Methods : Twenty-eight patients underwent reconstructive surgery followed by RT between 2008 and 2015 in a single institution, for management of PVFs associated with structural instability of the spine and/or neurologic compromises (group I). Twenty-eight patients were treated with RT alone (group II) after propensity score matching in a 1-to-1 format based on instability of the spine, as well as age and performance. Clinical outcomes including the overall survival rates, duration of independent ambulation, neurological status, and numeric rating scale (NRS) for back pain were compared. Results : Clinical and radiological features before treatment were similar in both groups. The median survival period was similar between the two groups. However, the mean duration of independent ambulation was significantly longer in group I (88.8 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 66.0-111.5) than in group II (39.4 months; 95% CI, 25.2-53.6) (log rank test; p=0.022). Deterioration of Frankel grade (21.4% vs. 60.7%, p=0.024) and NRS for back pain (2.7±2.2 vs. 5.0±2.7, p=0.000) at the last follow-up were higher in the group II. Treatment-related complications were similar in both groups. Conclusion : In patients with unstable PVFs due to MM, reconstructive surgery may yield superior clinical outcomes compared with RT alone in maintaining independent ambulation and neurological status, as well as pain control despite similar median survival and complications.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2022

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 성인의 e-헬스 리터러시, 구강건강지식, 구강건강행동 정도를 확인하고 관련성을 살펴봄으로써 성인의 구강보건행동을 증진시킬 수 있는 변인을 파악하는 것이다. 연구방법: 2021년 6월 22일 부터 8월 1일 까지 만 19세 이상의 성인 남녀 350명을 대상으로 웹기반 설문지 폼을 이용해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료는 SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 통계방법은 독립표본 t-검정, 일원배치 분산분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 일반 특성에 따른 구강보건행동은 성별, 학력, 1년 이내 치과 방문 경험, 주관적 구강건강상태, 구강 건강관심도, 구강관련 인터넷 사용 빈도 및 인터넷 구강 건강 정보의 신뢰도에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 e-헬스 리터러시는 구강보건행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 e-헬스 리터러시가 구강보건행동에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 향후 e-오랄 헬스 리터러시를 측정할 수 있는 도구의 개발과 e-오랄 헬스 리터러시를 활용하여 성인의 구강보건행동을 개선할 수 있는 방법을 찾는 것이 필요하다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.33.1-33.10
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• 2022

Background: Endemic circulation of human-specific hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 may occult the importance of sporadic zoonotic HEV transmissions in Africa. Increasing numbers of studies reporting anti-HEV antibodies in cattle and the discovery of infectious HEV in cow milk has raised public health concern, but cattle exposure has seldom been investigated in Africa. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the role of cows in the epidemiology of HEV in Burkina Faso and farmers habits in terms of dairy product consumption as a prerequisite to estimate the risk of transmission to humans. Methods: Sera from 475 cattle and 192 pigs were screened for the presence of anti-HEV antibodies while HEV RNA in swine stools was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Data on mixed farming, dairy product consumption and selling habits were gathered through questionnaires. Results: The overall seroprevalence in cattle was 5.1% and herd seroprevalence reached 32.4% (11/34). Herd seropositivity was not associated with husbandry practice or presence of rabbits on the farms. However, herd seropositivity was associated with on-site presence of pigs, 80.7% of which had anti-HEV antibodies. The majority of farmers reported to preferentially consume raw milk based dairy products. Conclusions: Concomitant presence of pigs on cattle farms constitutes a risk factor for HEV exposure of cattle. However, the risk of HEV infections associated with raw cow dairy product consumption is currently considered as low.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.989-998
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during late pregnancy on the cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation in ovine fetal thymuses. Methods: Eighteen time-mated Mongolian ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at d 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/body weight [BW]^0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/BW^0.75/d, n = 6) and control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/BW^0.75/d, n = 6). Fetuses were recovered at slaughter on d 140. Results: The G0/G1 phase cell number in fetal thymus of the RG1 group was increased but the proliferation index and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). Fetuses in the RG1 group exhibited decreased growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R), and their mRNA expressions (p<0.05). For the RG2 fetuses, there were no differences in the proliferation index and PCNA expression (p>0.05), but growth hormone (GH) and the mRNA expression of GHR were lower than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The thymic mRNA expressions of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs including CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4), CCNE, E2-factors (E2F1, E2F2, and E2F5) were reduced in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), and decreased mRNA expressions of E2F4, CCNA, CCNB, and CCND were occurred in the RG1 fetuses (p<0.05). The decreased E-cadherin (E-cad) as a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was found in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), but the OB-cadherin which is a marker for activated fibroblasts was increased in fetal thymus of the RG1 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that weakened GH/IGF signaling system repressed the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase in IUGR fetal thymus, but the switch from reduced E-cad to increased OB-cadherin suggests that transdifferentiation process of EMT associated with fibrogenesis was strengthened. The impaired cell growth, retarded proliferation and modified differentiation were responsible for impaired maturation of IUGR fetal thymus.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1021-1029
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• 2022

Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the rules of postprandial changes in intestine digesta dry matter (DM) flow and amino acid digestibility of growing pigs fed low-protein (LP) diets made of different starch. Methods: Eight barrows (28.8±2.1 kg) with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were randomly allotted to an 8×3 Youden square design. Treatments included: waxy corn starch LP (WLP); corn starch LP (CLP) and pea starch LP (PLP). Diets were given at 08:00 and 20:00. Digesta samples were collected in six 2-h stages from 08:00 to 20:00. Results: The Cr concentrations of ileal digesta increased and then decreased in WLP and CLP, while increased continuously in PLP as time passed after postprandial (p<0.05). Higher average Cr concentrations (0.78% and 0.84% vs 0.70%; p<0.05) and lower average DM flow (181.1 g/kg and 166.3 g/kg vs 240.3 g/kg; p<0.001) were observed in WLP and CLP, compared with PLP. The apparent ileal digestibility coefficient of most amino acids in WLP and CLP increased compared with that in PLP. No difference in lysine or methionine digestibility was observed. When digesta were collected in 2-h periods, the apparent ileal digestibility coefficient of amino acids did not change over time. When digesta was collected in 4-h periods from 16:00 to 20:00 and 6-h periods from 14:00 to 20:00 (p<0.05), WLP and CLP showed markedly higher amino acid digestibility than PLP Conclusion: High-amylose slowly digested starch can increase the DM flow at the distal ileum and reduce the apparent ileal digestibility coefficient of amino acids of pigs fed LP diets. Compared with waxy corn starch and corn starch, pea starch reduced the digestibility of amino acids in digesta collected after 4 h postprandial.