• KDI북한경제리뷰
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2020

• KDI북한경제리뷰
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2020

• KDI북한경제리뷰
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.3-26
• /
• 2020

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.293-305
• /
• 2020

An eruption of Taal Volcano in the Philippines began on January 12, 2020. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) subsequently issued an Alert Level 4, indicating that "a hazardous explosive eruption is possible within hours to days." It was a phreatic eruption and phreatomagmatic eruption from the main crater that spewed ashes to Calabarzon, Metro Manila, some parts of Central Luzon, and Pangasinan in Ilocos Region, resulting in the suspension of classes, work schedules, and flights. By January 26, 2020, PHIVOLCS observed inconsistent, but decreasing volcanic activity in Taal, prompting the agency to downgrade its warning to Alert Level 3. After February 14, Alert status was set to Level 2 because of overall decreasing trend of volcanic activities, but it does not mean that the threat of an eruption has disappeared. In addition, the Alert Level can be raised to Alert Level 3 if there is a symptom of increasing unrest at any time.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.95-118
• /
• 2015

The 2015 Agreement, an initial architect of the Post-2020 Regime, is expected to be adopted at the twenty-first session of the Conference of Parties to be held in Paris in 2015. We discussed key characteristics of the Post-2020 Regime and applications of differentiation which is most contentious issue in the Post-2020 negotiation. In the Post-2020 Regime, automatic ambition increases of Parties could be accomplished through applications of the circular nature of Intented Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) as well as the progression of mitigation efforts. In terms of differentiation, it would be better to advocate a new method to applying differentiation in the Post-2020 Regime taking into account our own national circumstances. Specifically, promotion of self-differentiation which fits nearly with the philosophy of INDC could be an alternative. In order to promote self-differentiation, rules to apply self-differentiation needs to be devised, and the purpose of such rules should be the ambition increase.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.93-104
• /
• 2020

Climate change has emerged as a social issue, and efforts have been made to overcome it in various ways. However, climate change due to global warming is likely to accelerate further than we expected, and the associated damage is also likely to increase. This tendency is expected to continue in the future, leading to difficulties for the existing water resource management system based on historical data. The precipitation in 2020 caused property damage and loss of life due to the extreme rainfall exceeding the design rainfall with the very unusual prolonged rainy days. With this 2020 flood, we should no longer be passive in managing flood risk due to uncertainties in climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.179-189
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate health behavior changes in Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Data were obtained from the 15~16th (2019~2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Overall, the data of 112,251 students, 57,303 before the COVID pandemic and 54,948 during the pandemic, were included. The data were analyzed using rao-scott 𝝌²-test, t-test, ANCOVA and logistic regression analysis. Results: While sitting time for study decreased, sitting time for leisure increased in the 2020 group compared to the 2019 group. The 2020 group was more likely to skip breakfast and have a higher BMI than the 2019 group. The 2020 group was less likely to consume fruit and engage in moderate and vigorous physical activities than the 2019 group. The 2020 group was less likely to engage in CC, EC, and HTP current smoking and be exposed to secondhand smoke at home, school, and public places than the 2019 group. The 2020 group was more likely to be satisfied with sleep, but less likely to experience stress, depression, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts than the 2019 group. Conclusion: It is necessary to reduce sedentary time, encourage physical activities, manage smoking and drinking rates continuously, and establish a network system to prevent psychological loneliness and isolation for adolescents, which requires participation of experts from the community as a whole.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2021.06a
• /
• pp.318-318
• /
• 2021

2020년 한강 유역의 홍수기(7월 ~ 9월) 3개월 강수량은 1,110.9mm에 달하며 평년대비 131.7%의 상당히 많은 강수량이 관측되었다. 특히 8월은 평년대비 215.2% 강수량을 보이며 큰 홍수사상이 발생하였다.(출처 한강홍수통제소 월간수자원현황및전망) 본 연구에서는 2020년 홍수기 한강 유역 주요 댐의 유입량과 유출량을 분석하였다. 유출입량 산정은 실측자료와 댐 방류량자료를 이용하였다. 산정 결과 달천 괴산댐의 경우 2020년 7월 ~ 2020년 9월, 3개월 동안 유입량(후영교)은 약 5.15억m³이었으며 이 기간의 유출량(댐 방류량)은 약 5.24억m³으로 조사되었다. 같은 기간의 북한강 유역 화천댐 유입량은 산정이 불가능 하였으며 유출량(댐 방류량)은 약 22.24억m³, 춘천댐 유입량(화천댐 방류량 + 용신교 + 오탄교)은 26.86억m³, 유출량(춘천댐 방류량)은 33.60억m³, 의암댐 유입량(춘천댐 방류량 + 소양강댐 방류량)은 55.39억m³, 유출량(의암댐 방류량)은 64.69m³, 청평댐 유입량(의암댐 방류량 + 한덕교 + 목동교)은 78.29억m³, 유출량(청평댐 방류량)은 75.86억m³으로 나타났다. 같은 기간 댐 저류 변화량은 괴산댐 0.002억m³, 춘천댐 0.07억m³, 의암댐 0.15억m³, 청평댐 0.02억m³으로 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기본적으로 댐 유출량과 유입량의 차는 저류량(저류변화량)과 같아야 한다. 2020년 홍수기(7월~9월) 주요 댐의 유입량, 유출량, 저류량을 검토한 결과 다소 큰 차이를 보였다. 이는 실측 유량의 오차도 일부 있겠지만 댐 저수지 수위 계측의 불확실성, 여수로 방류량의 정확도, 저수지 증발량, 미계측유역의 유출 미고려 등에서 발생하는 오차도 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2020

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.277-281
• /
• 2021

Singapore's construction sector employs more than 450,000 workers. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore from April to June 2020, migrant workers were disproportionately affected, including many working in the construction sector. Shared accommodation and construction worksites emerged as nexuses for COVID-19 transmission. Official government resources, including COVID-19 epidemiological data, 43 advisories and 19 circulars by Singapore's Ministries of Health and Manpower, were reviewed over 8 month period from March to October 2020. From a peak COVID-19 incidence of 1,424.6/100,000 workers in May 2020, the incidence declined to 3.7/100,000 workers by October 2020. Multilevel safe management measures were implemented to enable the phased reopening of construction worksites from July 2020. Using the Swiss cheese risk management model, the authors described the various governmental, industry, supervisory and worker-specific interventions to prevent, detect and contain COVID-19 for safe resumption of work for the construction sector.