• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2018

As a part of general toxicity studies of Enterococcus Faecalis 2001 (EF 2001) prepared using heat-treatment bacillus mort body EF 2001 in mice, this study examined the toxicity of EF 2001 in single and repeated administrations following the previous report in order to apply this product to preventive medicine. The safety of oral ingestion of EF 2001 was examined in 6-week-old male and female ICR mice with 1,000 mg/kg, 3,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day administrated by gavage of the maximum acceptable dose of EF 2001. The study was conducted using distilled water as a control following the methods for general toxicity studies described in the "Guidelines for Non-clinical Studies of Pharmaceutical Products 2002". As a control, 1) observation of general conditions, 2) measurement of body weight, 3) determination of food consumption, 4) determination of water consumption, 5) blood test and urinalysis and 6) pathological examination were performed for the administration of EF 2001. Mice received EF 2001 for 13 weeks and results were compared with those of the control group that received distilled water. The results of the above examinations revealed no significant differences between control and EF 2001 groups for both males and females. Thus, no notable toxicity was confirmed with single and repeated oral administrations of EF 2001. Oral administration in the above doses did not result in abnormal symptoms or death during the observation period. No abnormalities in blood cell count or organ weights were seen. Without any evidence of toxicity to cells and organs, EF 2001 is speculated to not adversely affect living organisms. The 50% lethal dose of EF 2001 with oral administration in mice is estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day for both male and female mice. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ value for animals was 5,000 mg/kg or more.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
• /
• 제10A권3호
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 IEEE Verilog 1364-2001 표준을 지원하는 Verilog-2001 파서를 개발하였다. 개발된 파서의 어휘 분석 및 구문 분석기는 Verilog-2001을 지원할 수 있도록 개발되었으며 Verilog-2001 테스트 슈트(test suite)를 개발하여 검증하였다. XML 중간형식을 설계하여 사용함으로써 Verilog시맨틱 조작의 응용에 적합하게 설계되었으며 기존의 구조 수준의 파서의 단점을 극복하기 위하여 문맥 정보의 처리가 가능하도록 개발되었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.448-448
• /
• 2001

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2003

Currently, dietary life in Korea is rapidly changing. New food from other countries introduced to the diet with changing economic and social environment. The number of meals away from home is increasing. Also, number of students who served by the school food service are increasing. In this paper, the menu in the school food service are compared between 1995 and 2001. Analysis was done to see changes in the use of Korean traditional foods. Between July, 2001 and August, 2001, by mail 103 schools were surveyed to analyzed menu. Menu from 2001 survey are compared with menu from 1995 survey. The results are following; 1) New menus are introduced in 2001 compared with 1995. 2) The number of menu using animal foods are increasing in 2001. 3) Among cooking methods, stir frying, and deep frying, are used more in 2001 than that of 1995. 4) The number of Korean dish served are decreased in 2001. 5) Students favorite dish are changed. Students like dishes cooked with deep frying method and western foods. With these results, menu of school food services become more westernized and using more frying methods because of students' taste preference. These trend are not recommendable for the students health, because it is known that Korean traditional dishes are more healthful. There should be more research and effort to keep Korean tranditional foods in the menu of the school food service for students health.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.372-374
• /
• 2017

Korea is one of the fastest aging country in the world. The increase in health expenditure is an inevitable problem in an aging country. We examined trend of benefit expenditure in National Health Insurance (NHI) by age group during 2001 to 2016. The benefit expenditure of NHI was 13.0 trillion won (2001) and 48.7 trillion won (2016); that is 3.76 times to 2001. This rapid increase was mostly due to people aged 65 and over. Proportion of beneficiaries aged 65 and over was 6.9% (2001) and 13.7% (2016), benefit expenditure per capita aged 65 and over was 279 thousand won (2001) and 960 thousand won (2016), and utilization days per capita aged 65 and over 21.44 (2001) and 30.23 (2016). This phenomenon was more pronounced in 75 or 85 aged and over. To contain the health costs for older people, the NHI system should be reformed.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2013

This paper synthesized the new copper removal agent(PW-2001) and investigated removal efficiency of copper, COD, calcium, SS and sludge amounts. Removal efficiency of copper were 96.1% and 99.1% with the lime and PW-2001, respectively while COD removals reached up to 38% and 69.6% with the use of lime and PW-2001. The concentrations of calcium and SS with PW-2001 were decreased 2.68 and 4.95 times lower than those with lime. Amount of sludge with PW-2001 was 60% smaller than lime. Quantity of PW-2001 needed for coagulation only reached 58.7, compared to lime standard quantity(100), and total cost of copper removal with PW-2001 was saved 25% more than lime.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2002

고추와 사과에서 분리한 20개와 14개의 탄저병균 중에서 2001-45가 스테롤 생합성을 저해하는 살균제에 대하여 저항성 균주로 판명되었다. 2001-45는 myclobutanil, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, nuarimol 등에 대하여 153.5, 42.7, 34.0, 17.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml로, 실험에 사용한 다른 탄저병균들 보다 높은 EC$_{50}$ 값을 보이며, 서로간에 교차 저항성을 나타냈다. 하지만 prochloraz(스테를 생합성 저해 살균제)에 대한 EC$_{50}$ 값은 0.07 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml로, 감수성균인 2001-44와 JC24 보다도 감수성이 높았다. 20, 25, 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 스테롤 생합성 저해 살균제에 대하여 저항성인 2001-45의 균사 생장은 2001-44와 비슷하였으며, 또 다른 감수성인 JC24보다는 빨랐다. 그러나 PDA상에서의 포자 형성 능력과 고추열매에 대한 병원성은 JC24보다 현저하게 떨어졌다.

• 레드리본
• /
• 통권43호
• /
• pp.30-31
• /
• 2001

2001년 유엔에이즈(UNAIDS)가 발표한 자료에 따르면, 전 세계 국가 중 약 40%는 HIV나 에이즈 감염자 실태 파악을 위한 감독 체계가 '전혀 없거나', 있다 하더라도 '제 기능을 하지 못하는' 것으로 나타나 에이즈 관리에 대한 각국의 노력이 더욱 필요한 실정이다.

• 한우마당
• /
• 제2권3호통권8호
• /
• pp.50-50
• /
• 2001

• 월간포장계
• /
• 통권98호
• /
• pp.134-137
• /
• 2001