• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.38-53
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• 2014

This Study has conducted a survey on the usage status of traditional rice cake as a meal substitute and an analysis on the selection attributes affecting purchase targeting male and female adults over 20 years old living in Seoul area so as to acquire basic data for enhancement of service and quality, and product development to facilitate and generalize rice cake consumption as a meal substitute. The survey was conducted for around 7 days from September 23rd to 30th, 2013, and 250 effective copies of questionnaire were used for the final analysis. The research outcomes show no significant deviation in terms of demographical features such as gender, marital status, age range, average monthly income and housing type; but there was a meaningful deviation in university graduation. Also, it is shown that taste, freshness, and convenience of a store were considered in their purchase of traditional rice cake as a meal substitute. Therefore, it is expected that development of various products, available for meal substitutes, would generalize and vitalize the consumption of traditional rice cake.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 2023

In this study, based on survey data from Japan, I analyzed the differences between the expectations for social security and the perception of life in old age by age group. The analysis data used in this study are from the "Survey on Life Security, 2019" conducted by the Japan Life Insurance Cultural Center, which surveyed men and women aged 18 to 69. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, expectations about health insurance are higher than expectations about other forms of social security in all age groups. Second, when it comes to expectations for public pensions, both men and women have the highest average scores in their 60s. Third, the age group with the lowest average score for public health insurance, public pension, public care insurance, and survivors' pension was found to be those in their 40s. In addition, men in their 20s had a higher average score on their perception of life in old age. Fourth, the effect of social security expectations on perception of life in old age was found to be somewhat different for gender and age groups, but overall, it was found that public health insurance expectations were an important factor that had a positive impact on the perception of life in old age.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.144-156
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• 2021

This study was conducted to explore important factors to consider when designing voice-based psychological counseling agents amid the increasing use of conversational agents in counseling and psychotherapy. 48 participants selected their preferred agent's voice among four types (young women and men, middle-aged women and men) and had a conversation with a psychological counseling agent. They also evaluated the reasons for voice selection, mood changes, perception of the agent's characteristics, and counseling outcomes. As a results, the agent's voice type selected according to the user's gender was not statistically significant. However, the qualitative analysis showed 'comfort' of the voice was an important factor. Next, the user's mood improved significantly after the conversation with the agent, which confirmed the intervention effect. Finally, it was found that expertness and attractiveness perceptions toward the agent contributed to the counseling outcomes. The implications of the study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was to understand about the measurement of shoulder motion fraction and motion ratio. We proposed the radiological criterior of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement ratio. Materials and Methods : We measured the motion fraction of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement using CR(computed radiological system) of arm elevation at neutral, 90 degree, full elevation. Central ray was $15^{\circ},\;19^{\circ},\;22^{\circ}$ to the cephald for the parallel scapular spine, and the tilting of torso was external oblique $40^{\circ},\;36^{\circ},\;22^{\circ}$ for perpendicular to glenohumeral surface. Healthful donor of 100 was divided 5 groups by age(20, 30, 40, 50, 60). The angle of glenohumeral motion and scapulothoracic motion could be taken from gross arm angle and radiological arm angle. We acquired 3 images at neutral, $90^{\circ}$ and full elevation position and measured radiographic angle of glenoheumeral, scapulothoracic movement respectively. Results : While the arm elevation was $90^{\circ}$, the shoulder motion fraction was 1.22(M), 1.70(W) in right arm and 1.31, 1.54 in left. In full elevation, Right arm fraction was 1.63, 1.84, and left was 1.57, 1.32. In right dominant arm(78%), $90^{\circ} and Full motion fraction was 1.58, 1.43, in left(22%) 1.82, 1.94. In generation 20, $90^{\circ} and Full motion fraction was 1.56, 1.52, 30' was 1.82, 1.43, 40' was 1.23, 1.16, 50' was 1.80, 1.28, 60' was 1.24, 1.75. There was not significantly by gender, dominant arm and age. Conclusion : The criterior of motion fraction was useful reference for clinical dignosis the shoulder instability.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-59
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• 2014

Social interaction becomes increasingly complicated, sophisticated and specialized. Popular methods of communication has expanded from face-to-face to the use of IT media, as the amount of needs for remote communication increases rapidly as well as the scope of the contents of communication. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the relationship between the use of IT media and the level of interpersonal trust, and further examine the differences in interpersonal trust across the use of different IT media. A questionnaire survey was performed against 193 individuals in the age group between 20s and 40s, which is considered most active group of IT media. According to a series of regression analysis, the frequency of mediated information exchange is found to be correlated to the level of interpersonal trust. The effect of the amount of time spent with the media was not significant. We also found that the effects on interpersonal trust differed across the use of different types of communication media.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.235-238
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• 2009

최근 생활수준의 향상으로 의복의 기능성이 중시되면서, 건강, 감성, 쾌적 등에 대한 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 건강 소재 개발에 대한 연구와 니트에 관한 선호도 및 감성연구는 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 건강 니트 소재의 감각 및 감성이미지에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 키토산 섬유와 서스 섬유의 니트 소재를 편성한 다음 최종 소비자의 감각과 감성이미지에 미치는 영향을 연구하여 실제 건강 니트 소재를 기획하는데 필요한 정보를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 키토산 섬유와 서스 섬유를 회색계열로 변화를 주어 10 게이지의 컴퓨터 자동 횡편기로 5 종의 평편 시료를 편성하였고 20 대 남녀 대학생 69 명을 대상으로 5 종의 시료($20\;cm{\times}15\;cm$)를 랜덤한 순서로 제시하여 눈으로 시료를 보고 직접 만지면서 평가하도록 하였으며, 감각 18 개와 감성 22 개, 선호도 3 개의 총 43 개 형용사로 이루어진 7 점 척도를 사용하였다. 건강 니트 소재의 감각 및 감성 이미지를 요인 분석한 결과, 감각요인은 '부피감', '요철감', '신축감', '현시감', 변형감'의 5 가지 요인, 감성요인은 '온유감', '안정감', '고급감', '활동감'의 4 가지 요인으로 분류되었다. 색 속성 중 명도 수준별 감각요인 및 감성요인 중 '요철감'과 '안정감'의 매우 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 고명도, 저명도 수준은 울퉁불퉁하고 오톨도톨하지만 안정적이고 깨끗한 이미지로 느끼는 것으로 나타났고 중간 명도수준은 '요철감'과 '안정감'이 감소되었다. 차콜색의 키토산 100%와 연회씩의 서스 100%의 경우 울퉁불퉁하고 오톨도톨하지만 안정적이고 깨끗한 이미지로 느끼는 것으로 나타났고, 차콜색 키토산섬유와 연회색 서스섬유를 혼방하여 편성한 경우 '요철감'과 '안정감'이 감소되었다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the effect of parenting attitude perceived by adult children on marriage values and marriage image. For this purpose, online and face-to-face surveys were conducted for 411 unmarried men and women in their 20~30s living in the Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do areas. The SPSS 25.0 program was used for analysis and the results are as follows. First, in the general characteristics of the study subjects, there was a significant difference in marriage values according to gender, age, marriage type of parents, religion, and birth order, but no significance found according to education and occupation, family members living together, monthly average household income, or education of parents. Also, marriage image showed significant difference based on gender, marriage type of parents, and marriage intention. Second, the parenting attitude perceived by adult children confirmed that the lower the father's rejective parenting attitude and the higher the mother's acceptive parenting attitude, the more stable the value of marriage was and that the effect of parenting attitude on marriage image confirmed that the lower the father's rejective parenting attitude, the better the marriage image.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2022

The critical bandwidth represents response interactions with respect to a signal tone and their neighboring bands. This study was to analyze the critical bandwidths of a clinically important 500 Hz tone in Korean young male and female subjects (male = 10, female = 10) at a conversational level (60 dB HL). Data were measured with notched band noise and two alternative forced choice methods. Results showed that the critical bandwidth was slightly greater (95 Hz) than the previous Western measures. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, nor were there any significant differences in lateralization of the ear (p > 0.05). These results may have implications in optimizing effective tinnitus masking or the related clinical applications.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.40-55
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• 2013

This study aims to suggest a way for temple food to take a differentiated position in the foodservice industry along with providing useful data for efficient management of temple food. To do this, it examines what influence the characteristics of temple food has on satisfaction with the food and verifies how the types of religion adjust the relationships between the characteristics and the satisfaction. The consumers who frequent temple food restaurants in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were selected as the sample for this study, and a survey was conducted to those over the age of 20 via self-administered questionnaire from May 1st to June 30th, 2012. A total of 500 copies were distributed and 476 copies were selected as suitable from 488 copies collected for reliability and factor analyses using SPSS 18.0. The proposed research hypotheses were verified with a regression analysis and a multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, the characteristics of temple food have a positive influence on satisfaction with the food. Their subordinate factors such as situation, function, and consistency have positive(+) effects on the satisfaction. Next, it shows that religion does not play a regulatory role in the relationships between the characteristics of temple food and satisfaction with the food.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.25-48
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• 2006

In this study, the wage differentials between standard and non-standard workers are estimated using the data from the Establishment Employment Survey of 2003. The estimated wage differentials between standard and non-standard workers become greater controlling for the fixed effects of establishments. The within-establishment wage differential is estimated to be 20.7% between male standard and male non-standard workers in unorganized establishments controlling for establishment heterogeneity. However, the estimated overall wage differential is reduced to 6.8% due to the high wages of non-standard workers in large size establishments and the low wages of standard workers in small size establishments. This difference between 20.7% and 6.8% reflects the between-establishment wage differential. In organized establishments, the wage differential becomes larger, 21.8%, between male standard and male non-standard workers. For the male workers, the greatest wage differential between standard and non-standard workers is found in unorganized large size establishments: it is 35.9%. In organized establishments, it contracts to 25.8%. The additional estimations on the probability of becoming non-standard workers are done. For the male sample, the probability of standard workers to become non-standard workers in unorganized establishments is 6.0 percentage points higher than that in small size organized establishments. The probability is 20.7 percentage points higher for the female sample. However, the signs of the interaction terms of union and large size establishments are all negative. While the effect of large size establishments reduces the effect of union on the probability to 7.3 percentage points for the males, it reduces the probability to 16.0 percentage points for the females.