• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the perceptions of and willingness for marriage among people in their 20s and 30s. The data came from the Korean General Social Survey of the Survey Research Center at Sungkyunkwan University. The sample data set included 292 men and women aged 20 to 39. The major findings are as follows. First, gender, satisfaction with one's household economic conditions, and significantly affect the individuals' perceptions of marriage. The results show that the men's education level, value of family succession, value of gender roles, and value of parents' role are the significant factors that affect their perceptions of marriage. In the case of the women's perceptions of marriage, the significant factors are their household economic conditions, value of family succession, value of gender roles, and value of childbirth. Second, the willingness for marriage among unmarried people is decided by age, education level, whether one has an income or not, satisfaction with one's household economic conditions, and value of one's childbirth. Overall, gender is the most significant factor that affects the perceptions of marriage among all the other variables. However, men's and women's values of gender roles and family succession, respectively, both significantly affect their perceptions of marriage but show opposite coefficient directions. Another finding shows that unmarried people who are willing to marry tend not to have children. This implies that they do not perceive the decision on having a child as a necessary factor behind marriage decisions.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-98
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent-young adult relationship and self-differentiation on interpersonal problems among 20s. Method: The subjects were 504(195 male, 309 female) young adults in their twenties. The questionnaire was consisted of measures on the Parent-Child Relationship Instrument, Self-Differentiation Inventory, and Short form of Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex. Descriptive, t-test, correlation, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with SPSS 23.0. Results: The major findings are as follow. First, the result showed that there were gender differences in the level of self-differentiation and interpersonal problems, while there were no differences between male and female in parent-young adult relationship. Second, correlational analyses results indicated that parent-young adult relationship was positively related with the level of self-differentiation. However parent-young adult relationship and the level of self-differentiation were negatively related with the interpersonal problems. Third, hierarchical regression analyses showed that parent-young adult relationship and the level of self-differentiation had significant influences on the interpersonal problems(moving toward people, moving against people and moving away from people among 20s). Conclusions: The results indicate that both parent-young adult relationship and the level of self-differentiation need to be considered to reduce young adults' interpersonal problems in counseling situations.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was to understand about the measurement of shoulder motion fraction and motion ratio. We proposed the radiological criterior of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement ratio. Materials and Methods : We measured the motion fraction of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement using CR(computed radiological system) of arm elevation at neutral, 90 degree, full elevation. Central ray was $15^{\circ},\;19^{\circ},\;22^{\circ}$ to the cephald for the parallel scapular spine, and the tilting of torso was external oblique $40^{\circ},\;36^{\circ},\;22^{\circ}$ for perpendicular to glenohumeral surface. Healthful donor of 100 was divided 5 groups by age(20, 30, 40, 50, 60). The angle of glenohumeral motion and scapulothoracic motion could be taken from gross arm angle and radiological arm angle. We acquired 3 images at neutral, $90^{\circ}$ and full elevation position and measured radiographic angle of glenoheumeral, scapulothoracic movement respectively. Results : While the arm elevation was $90^{\circ}$, the shoulder motion fraction was 1.22(M), 1.70(W) in right arm and 1.31, 1.54 in left. In full elevation, Right arm fraction was 1.63, 1.84, and left was 1.57, 1.32. In right dominant arm(78%), $90^{\circ} and Full motion fraction was 1.58, 1.43, in left(22%) 1.82, 1.94. In generation 20, $90^{\circ} and Full motion fraction was 1.56, 1.52, 30' was 1.82, 1.43, 40' was 1.23, 1.16, 50' was 1.80, 1.28, 60' was 1.24, 1.75. There was not significantly by gender, dominant arm and age. Conclusion : The criterior of motion fraction was useful reference for clinical dignosis the shoulder instability.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 1989

This is clinicostatistical study of mandibular fractures. This study was based on a series of 677 patients with mandibular fracture during the period of 1982 to 1987. This results obtained were as follows : 1. In respect of incidence, there were high frequency in May and September, and in large city(63%). 2. The age frequency was the highest in the 20s-year old group (38.7%), and the ratio of male to female was 4.64 : 1. 3. The most common etiologic factor was blow(31.5%), but in children that was traffic accident followed by fall down. 4. The most common site of bone fractures was symphysis, followed by angle, condyle. In comparison of right and left sides, left side was more frequently involved(364 cases) than right side(257 cases). 5. The patients arrived in hospital immediately within 24 hours after accident were 62.9% of all, and 42.4% was arrived via private medical and dental clinic. 6. In respect of treatment, open reduction was 55.5% of all, closed reduction was 37.2%. In children, closed reduction was done in 50.6%.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Understanding muslim consumers' needs and behaviour is an essential process for strategic product development in the Halal food market. For our study on Indonesian consumers of Halal food, we conduct a survey of 200 Muslims residing in Indonesia on awareness of ginseng (G) and red ginseng (RG) products, eating experience, like or dislike reasons, cognitive level on the efficacy of G and RG products, purchase behaviors, satisfaction and repurchase intention through a web-based questionnaire methodology. This study reveals that 58 % and 51% of the participants indicate an awareness of G and RG products. In particular, awareness amongst medium- and high-income male consumers in their 20s and 30s is relatively high. This group of participants is also more likely to consume eat G and RG products for health promotion, refreshment, and disease prevention, and positively evaluated product efficacy. They are also aware of the efficacy claims of these products with regard to enhancement of immunity, fatigue, and stamina. While Indonesian Muslim consumers express satisfaction with the health claims, packaging specifications, and design of the products, they are dissatisfied with product types, price, taste, and aroma. The results also found that participants would recommend G and RG products to acquaintances, and are willing to purchase them in the future. Therefore, the segmentation of Halal-certified G and RG products for Muslim consumers and analysis on their product needs could be advantageous for strategic product development.

• Survey Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.47-76
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• 2017

This study has been done to understand the relationship between age norms and negative perception on older workers, and to find out moderating effect of recognition of employment welfare services in those relationships. And the purpose of this study is to suggest alternative ways to improve pessimistic perception on older workers, which is basal ageism. For this purpose, the survey has been conducted with 630 participants, who were 20 years old and over and lived in 15 different provinces. The collected data has been analysed by using SPSS Win 18.0. The results as followed: first, there were significant differences of negative perception on older workers among provinces(metropolitan areas, small towns, and rural areas); second, age norms significantly influenced on pessimistic perception on older workers; third, moderating effect of recognition of employment welfare services has been verified. These results suggest that it is necessary to promote people to take a flexible attitude toward older adults using media broadcasting and promotion of employment welfare services. Public and private cooperation should be needed to change people's negative perception on older workers. Lastly, programs, which are appropriated and tailored in specific provinces, improving awareness of older workers should be required.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.319-323
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• 2009

White noise 가 혼합된 음향은 듣는 사람에게 감성 조절 효과에 대한 보고가 있다. 그러나 White noise 의 어떤 요소가 감성을 조절하는지는 명확하지 않다. 본 연구는 White noise 와 음향을 혼합할 때 마스킹(Masking) 정도에 따른 이완 감성 변화를 밝혀보고자 하였다. White noise 의 마스킹 효과를 다르게 한 2 곡의 음악을 제작하고, 20 대 남녀 40 명을 대상으로 음악을 들려주는 실험을 실시하였다. 음악 효과에 대한 반응인 자율신경계(PPG, GSR, SKT)와 중추신경계(8ch EEG)의 생리신호를 측정하고 음악을 듣기 전후의 주관적 응답을 수집하였다. 음악을 듣지 않았을 때, 원본 음향 들었을 때 그리고 White noise 혼합한 음향을 들었을 때의 반응에 대해 ANOVA(Analysis of Variance)를 실시하였다. 생리신호는 개인간 편차를 고려해 평준화(Normalization) 한 뒤 생리신호 변화 패턴에 따라 분석하였다. 결과적으로, 주관적 응답과 생리신호 모두 White noise 의 마스킹 효과를 작게한 음향에서 이완의 정도가 더 큰 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 White noise 와 원본 음향간에 마스킹 효과가 작은 음향일수록 White noise 의 혼합으로 인한 이완효과가 큰 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 1994

The purpose of this study were 1) to describe the rolling movements of the twenties, 2) to identify developmental sequences of three body regions and 3) to evaluate the influence gender might have on the movement patterns used for rolling. Fifty males(mean 23.2 years of age) and fifty females(mean 21.1 years of age) performed the 10 trials of rolling from a supine to a prone position while being videotaped. Individual videotaped trials were classified using the described categories for upper extremity, lower extremity and head-trunk component. The most common combination of movement patterns described. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Only $16\%$ of males and $12\%$ of females demonstrated a same combination of movements during rolling. 2. Gender differences were found in the incidence of movement patterns of each body region. 3. This study determined if head-trunk anion might develop in advance of limb action. 4. This study determined if upper extremity action might develop in advance of lower extremity action. The variability of adults' rolling movement provides physical therapists with numeous movement combinations that might be used when teaching patterns to rolling.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• s.292
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• pp.32-35
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• 2014

한국로버트보쉬 디젤사업부가 지난 2008년부터 실시해 온 승용차 이용 실태 및 디젤 소비자 인식 조사는 2014년에 4회째 조사되었다. 디젤 엔진의 '친환경성'에 대한 인식 변화는 크지 않으나, '연비 효율성'에 대한 인식이 강화되면서 디젤에 대한 긍정적 인식 및 태도의 변화가 크게 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 이전 조사 결과의 특징 중의 하나는 '디젤' 자체에 대한 소비자의 긍정적 태도 개선 정도가 크게 나타났으며, 특히 '구입 의향이 증가'하는 등 실질적 소비 태도로 연결될 수 있는 index의 개선은 의미 있는 변화로 보여 고무적인 현상이다. 아울러, 재미 있는 결과는 '클린디젤 용어에 대한 인지도, 클린디젤 자동차 호감도, 클린 디젤 자동차 구입의향'에 대한 결과다. 이 항목들에 대해 '08년 11월부터 '12년 1월까지 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, '14년 2월 조사에서 다시 감소하는 경향이 나타난 것인데 이는 '디젤'이란 용어에 대한 긍정적인 인식이 크게 증가하여, 클린디젤이란 용어 자체의 의미가 무색해진 것으로 클린디젤이란 용어보다는 디젤 그 자체로 깨끗하고 친환경적인 연료로 인식된다고 할 수 있겠다. 2014년 조사는 2008년 이래 4회 차 조사로 한국갤럽조사연구소를 통해 진행 되었으며, 지난 2월 14일부터 3월 15일까지 전국 6대 도시(서울, 인천, 부산, 대구, 대전, 광주)에 거주하고 있는 만 20세 이상, 59세 이하의 남녀 자가 운전자 1,007명을 대상으로 지역별/성별/연령별 할당 추출법(Purposive Quota Sampling)과 개별면접 조사 방법(Face-to-Face Interview)으로 진행되었고, 95% 의 신뢰수준에 +/- 3% 오차범위를 가지고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.163-183
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to examine the features of web fashion magazines and to suggest an effective website model for them. Seven web fashion magazines were analyzed. The evaluating criteria included: contents, design, navigation, and services. In addition, online-questionnaires were sent to 40 end users to obtain the information regarding user behaviors on the elected web fashion magazines. The results show that a suggested model should include various aspects: 1) providing currents information. 2) consistency in design, 3) easy in navigation, and 4) searching function etc.