• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.1038-1040
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the constituents of pumpkin, to develop of health food using pumpkin. Crude protein contents of skin (19.82%) and fiber (16.43%) were higher than that of flesh. Crude lipids contents of skin (2.84% ) was higher than those of flesh and fiber. Major free sugars in pumpkin were sucrose, fructose and glucose. Total sugar contents in the flesh was higher than that of fiber. This tendency was opposite to reducing sugar contents. Also, free sugar contents in pumpkin were flesh (30.19 mg/100 g), fiber (22.99 mg/100 g) and skin (15.67 mg/100 g), respectively. The total Phenol and carotenoid contents in 100 g of fiber revealed 379.8$\pm$9.76 mg and 43.71$\pm$1.46 mg, corresponding to 47% and 62% of the total phenol and carotenoid contents of pumpkin. Total flavonoid content in 100 g of skin revealed 81.5$\pm$3.56 mg.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Glycine soja (GS) supplementation on the quality of corn silage. Corn silage was used in a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangements with respective factors being addition of GS (0, 10, and 20%) and without or with Lacobacillus plantarum as lactic acid bacteria, and were stored for 40 days at a room temperature ($20-25^{\circ}C$). Corn silage with supplemented 20% GS increased (p<0.05) crude protein contents compared with that in corn silage with supplemented 0 and 10% GS, however crude fat, NDF, and starch concentrations was not affected (p<0.05) by addition of GS. Furthermore, the interaction was found (p<0.05) between corn silage with supplemented 20% GS and the addition of lactic acid in butyric acid. Silage pH was increased while GS supplementation increased. Corn silage with supplemented 20% GS increased (p<0.05) glucose and fructose concentrations. The results of current study indicate that corn silage with supplemented 20% GS could be used as a useful strategy to improve corn silage with increased crude protein contents along with sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.466-469
• /
• 2008

A new kidney bean cultivar, "Hwanghyeob 1" was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science in 2005. "Hwanghyeob 1" was selected from a cross between KLG50064 and KLG50073. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, yellow pod color, oval shape of crossed section of pod at the harvesting time for edible pod, white seed coat and middle seed size (21.7 grams per 100 seeds). The average yield of edible pod of "Hwanghyeob 1" was 23.55 M/T per hectare in the yield trials which was carried out at the green house in spring and autumn in 2005. This yield level was 4 percent higher than that of the check cultivar "Kangnangkong 1".

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Leuconostoc and Weissella isolates from kimchi as a probiotic starter and replacement for thickening agents such as pectin and gums in yogurt. Potential probiotic isolates were first screened for their acid and bile tolerance, and then evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. When the selected Leuconostoc or Weissella isolates were co-inoculated in yogurt without a thickening agent, the yogurt with 4% sucrose produced lower syneresis values than the control and had higher EPS yields. The isolates were able to survive at a level of $10^6CFU/mL$ when incubated at $4^{\circ}C$ for 12 days. This study shows that EPS-producing Leuconostoc and Weissella strains have the potential to produce a synbiotic yogurt.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) and selenium(Se) levels on alcohol metabolic enzyme system in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed on diets containing one of the three levels of Met(0, 3, 9g/kg diet) with or without Se(0.45mg/kg diet). Alcohol was administrated with 25%(v/v) ethanol orally at the same time once a day in alcohol group and isocaloric sucrose was administrated to the control group. The rats were sacrificed after 5 and 10 week of feeding periods. Alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS) activities of hepatic tissuedom were increased more in alcohol treated groups than control group. Increment of activities preinated in simultaneous deficiency of dietary Met and Se(LMet-Se+EtOH) group. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH) activity was decreased more in alcohol treated groups than control group and significantly decreased in Met and Se supplemented(NMet+Se+EtOH) group. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and xanthine oxidase(XO) activity were significantly increased in alcohol treated groups Compared to control group and predominated in Met deficiency(LMet) group and excessive Met administration (HMet) group. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione S-transferase(GST) activities tended to increase by alcohol administration, the degree of increase predominated in 10 week. The activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was decreased in alcohol groups and tended to increase in proportion to the level of dietary Met.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.84-88
• /
• 2011

Some thermally processed foods have higher biological activities due to their various chemical changes during heat treatment. Especially, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is derived from dehydration of sugars and has been identified in processed garlic. The biological function of HMF have revealed as antisickling agent and thyrosinase inhibitor. This study was carried out to examine the formation of HMF and free sugars from the aged garlics when it is treated at 60 and $75^{\circ}C$ and different incubation periods from 7 to 35 days. HMF and free sugars from the hot-water extracts of aged garlics were analyzed with GC/MS, LC/MS, and HPLC. The amount of HMF was higher than at $75^{\circ}C$ and increasing incubation period. Among free sugars, the only fructose except glucose and sucrose was formed and converted to HMF at high temperature and long incubation period. However, fructose formed in low temperature during making of aged garlic was rarely converted to HMF. This result indicates that formation of HMF can be dependent on the temperature and incubation period for making aged garlic.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2005

Effects of growth regulators on growth of adventitious roots and accumulation of steroidal saponins, such as dioscin, prosapogenin A and prosapogenin C, in cultures of Dioscorea nipponica were determined. The maximum growth of adventitious roots was observed in MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose and 1.0 mg/L NAA. Addition of BA in combination with NAA appeared to be no effective in the growth of adventitious roots. Among the twenty different adventitious roots formed from different seeds, strain No. 10 was selected based on production ability of dioscin, and its stability through the successive liquid culture. During the first 4 weeks of incubation, contents of steroidal saponins in adventitious roots were negligible but the contents were markedly increased at 5 weeks of incubation. Dioscin and prosapogenin C content in IBA-treated adventitious roots were significantly higher than those in NAA-treated roots. However, content of prosapogenin A was not significantly different among NAA or IBA level. Results provide that liquid culture of adventitious roots of D. nipponica have a potential for mass production of dioscin including prosapogenin A and prosapogenin C.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2001

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects of foliar application of monopotassium phosphate on the acceleration of ind color and fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin cultivated in the plastic greenhouse. The 'a'value of peel chromaticity increased seasonably with the increasing frequency of foliar application of monopotassium phosphate, but became gradually irresponsive as the fruit approached to harvesting time. Glucose content increased with the number of foliar applications so did the fructose content. Content of reducing sugars tended to increase with the number of foliar applications by 0.32 to 0.41%.mL$^{-1}$ juice in treatment sof ive or more applications. Sucrose content increased gradually with the increasing number of foliar applications, but there was no significatn difference among treatments. Total sugar also increased with the increasing number of foliar applications Generally, the soluble solid level is considered to be representative of fruit quality. Sugar content increased with the number of foliar application up to 5 times in which sugar content increased by 0.93$^{\circ}$Bx as compared to the control. The fruit acidity of the treatment plots decreased as compared to that of the control, but there was no significant difference in fruit acidity among foliar application times.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.1-31
• /
• 1984

Flacherie, as one of the most prevalent silkworm diseases, causes severe economic damage to sericultural industry and its pathogens have been proved to be flacherie virus (FV) and densonucleosis virus (DNV). Multiplications of the viruses in the larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were studied by the sucrose density gradient centrifugation and electron microscopy. The quantitative and qualitative changes of nucleic acids and proteins were investigated from the midgut and hemolymph in the silkworm larvae infected separately with FV and DNV. The histopathological changes of epithelial cells of infected midgut also were examined by an electron microscope. 1. Purified fractions of FV or DNV in a sucrose density gradient centrifugation yielded one homogenous and sharp peak without a shoulder, suggesting no heterogenous materials in the preparation. Electron microscopy also revealed that FV and DNV were spherical particles, 27nm and 21nm in diameter, respectively. 2. Silkworm larvae showed a decrease in body weight on the 6th day and in midgut weight on the 3rd day after inoculation with FV or DNV. 3. DNA content was higher in the midgut when infected with FV or DNV, but the hemolymph of the infected larvae showed no difference during first 6 days after inoculation, after which DNA concentration declined rapidly. 4. RNA synthesis of silkworm larvae infected separately with FV and DNV was stimulated in the midgut, but RNA content was reduced in the hemolymph at the early stage of virus multiplication. At the late stage of virus multiplication, however, it was extremely reduced in both midgut and hemolymph. 5. The concentration of protein in the midgut and hemolymph of silkworm larvae infected separately with FV and DNV showed no difference from that of the healthy larvae at the early stage of virus multiplication, but it was significantly reduced at the late stage of virus multiplication. 6. There was no difference in the electrophoretic patterns of RNAs extracted from the midgut of healthy or virus-infected larvae. 7. The electrophoresis of proteins extracted from the midgut infected with FV or DNV, when carried out on the 1st and 5th day after virus inoculation, showed no difference from that of the healthy larvae. But, there was an additional band with medium motility in the proteins on the 8th day after virus inoculation, while a band with low mobility shown in the proteins of healthy larvae disappeared in the infected larvae. However, a band with high mobility in the healthy larvae was separated into two fractions in the infected larvae. 8. The electrophoretic pattern of hemolymph proteins of the silkworm larvae infected separately with FV and DNV was similar to that of the healthy larvae, but the concentration of hemolymph proteins in the infected larvae was lower than that of the healthy larvae at the late stage. 9. Two types of inclusion bodies were shown by the double staining of pyronin-methyl green in the columnar cell of the midgut on the 8th day after FV inoculation. 10. Electron microscopy of the infected midgut revealed that the 'cytoplasmic wall' of the goblet cell thickened on the 5th day after FV inoculation and several types of the cytopathogenic structures, such as virus$.$specific vesicles, virus particles, linear structures, tubular structures, and high electron-dense matrices were observed in the cytoplasm of the goblet cell. The virus particles were also observed in the microvilli and the structures similar to spherical virus particles were observed around the virus-specific vesicles, suggesting the virus assembly in the cytoplasm. 11. Fluorescence micrograph of the infected midgut stained with acridine orange showed that the nucleus, the site of DNV multiplication in the columnar cell, enlarged on the 5th day after virus inoculation. 12. Electron microscopic examination of DNV infected midgut revealed that the nucleolus of the columnar cell was broken into granules and those granules dispersed into apical region of the nucleus on the 5th day after virus inoculation. On the 8th day after inoculation, it was also observed that the nucleus of the columnar cell was full with the high electron-dense virogenic stroma which were similar to virus particles. These facts suggest that the virogenic stroma were the sites of virus assembly in the process of DNV multiplication.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the content and consumption of total sugar from school lunches at Incheon and Chuncheon. The samples were collected from eight elementary schools and eight middle schools in Incheon and Chuncheon for 15 days. The analysis of total sugar content was performed for 1334 main dishes, side dishes, and desserts, which were supplied by elementary and middle school foodservices. Total sugar content was extracted from various types of food with 50% ethanol after defatting. We simultaneously analyzed sugars such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose by a high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector. The average lunch intake for elementary school and middle school students was $372.6{\pm}72.2g$ and $449.2{\pm}81.1g$, respectively. The total sugar content in desserts was $7.21{\pm}6.32g/100g$, $1.69{\pm}2.44g/100g$ in side dishes, and $0.32{\pm}0.77g/100g$ in main dishes. Among side dishes, fried foods, stir-fried foods, and sauces contained the highest amounts of total sugar. The total sugar intake was $4.63{\pm}5.11g$ in desserts, $0.64{\pm}1.01g$ in side dishes, and $0.55{\pm}1.48g$ in main dishes. Main and side dishes with a high total sugar intake included cooked rice with seasoning, fried foods, stir-fried foods, and preserved foods. The average total sugar intake per meal for elementary school, middle school, and all students was $4.03{\pm}3.67g$, $6.97{\pm}6.59g$, and $5.50{\pm}5.53g$, respectively. We have provided useful information to decrease the intake of total sugar in school lunches. It is recommended that total sugar intake be continuously monitored.