• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2003

ZnWO₄는 높은 품질계수에 의해 주파수 선택성이 뛰어나지만 다층형태의 고주파 무선부품으로의 응용을 위해서는 높은 소결온도(1100℃), 큰 음의 공진주파수 온도계수(-70ppm/℃), 낮은 유전율(15.5) 등에 대한 보정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 ZnWO₄에 TiO₂및 LiF를 첨가하여 ZnWO₄의 저손실특성을 유지하면서 주파수 온도안정성 및 저온소결성을 부여하고자 하였다. 큰 양의 공진주파수 온도계수(＋400ppm/℃) 및 유전율(100)을 갖는 TiO₂의 첨가는 공진주파수 온도계수를 음의 값에서 양의 값으로 변화시켰으며 유전율의 증가를 가져왔다. TiO₂를 20 mol％ 첨가한 경우 공진주파수 온도계수가 0에 가깝고 유전율 19.4에 품질계수 50000㎓의 특성을 얻을 수 있었으나 소결온도는 1100℃로 높은 소결온도를 보였다. ZnWO₄에 TiO₂가 첨가된 혼합체에 LiF의 첨가는 액상형성에 의해 소결온도를 1100℃에서 850℃로 크게 저하시킬 수 있었다. LiF는 첨가는 LiF 자체의 큰 공진주파수 온도계수에 의해 온도계수를 음의 값으로 변화시켰다. 따라서 TiO₂및 LiF의 적당량의 첨가는 온도 안정성을 갖는 저손실 ZnWO₄-TiO₂-LiF 계 LTCC(Low Temperature Confined Ceramics) 소재를 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 Co를 주성분으로 하는 아몰퍼스 자성 와이어를 동축케이블의 신호선으로 하는 자계센서를 제작하여 외부자계에 대한 특성을 측정하였다. 측정된 임피던스의 주파수의존성에는 전송선로의 공진특성이 반영되었으며 인가자계가 없을 때, 1/4 파장에 해당하는 주파수가 250 MHz에서 나타났다. 측정 주파수대역에서는 표피효과에 의한 저항성분이 임피던스를 거의 결정하였으며 또한 외부자계가 $0\;Oe{\sim}1\;Oe$ 사이에서 임피던스는 자성 아몰퍼스와이어의 투자율의 변화에 의해 크게 변화하였다. 0.1 Oe 부근에서 150 MHz의 ${\Delta}Z/{\Delta}H$가 $300{\Omega}/Oe$이라는 매우 큰 값이 얻어져 Co를 주성분으로 하는 자성와이어를 동축케이블형 자계센서로 사용하는 경우 센서로서 매우 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 800MHz대역의 TRS(Trunked Radio System)대역을 비롯한, GSM(Global System for Mobile telecommunication), CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)대역을 통합할 수 있는 광대역 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계하고자 한다. 선박 및 해상 안전에 상용 가능한 선박 기지국 중계기용 안테나를 설계하였다. 마이크로 스트립 안테나의 협대역을 개선하기 위해서 직사각형 패치에 L형 급전구조를 갖으며, 평행 L-슬롯을 추가하여 이중 공진 효과를 이용하였다. 또한 이득의 개선을 위해 수직으로 적층 하였다. 설계된 안테나의 주파수 대역폭(VSWR 2:1)은 748MHz${\sim}$1.04GHz로 292MHz(36%)의 양호한 특성을 보였으며, 또한 E-평면과 H-평면 모두 이득은 6.4Bi 이상, 3dB 빔폭은 E-평면 $44.7^{\circ}와 H-평면 $61.8^{\circ}이상의 개선된 특성을 보였다.

• 한국정보기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 수직 분할 링 공진기(VSRR, Vertical Split Ring Resonator)를 적용하여 전기적 크기를 축소시킨 발진기를 제안하였다. VSRR은 유전체 기판의 상면과 하면에 일렬로 놓인 마이크로스트립 라인간에 발생하는 커패시턴스와 인덕턴스에 의해서 공진기로 동작하는 분리형 링 공진기(Split Ring Resonator)형태이며, 마이크로스트립 라인을 이용한 일반적인 hairpin 형태 또는 평면형 링 공진기에 비해 공진 회로의 전기적 크기를 축소할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 S-band에서 동작하는 VSRR을 설계하고, 이를 공진회로로 사용한 발진기를 설계 및 구현한 결과를 제시하였다. 제안된 발진기는 2.4GHz에서 5.9dBm의 출력을 나타내었으며, 오프셋 주파수 100kHz에서 -112.58dBc@Hz, 1MHz에서 -137.36dBc@Hz의 위상잡음 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 원자력 발전소에서 사용되는 디지털 모듈을 포함하는 캐비닛의 전자파 차폐효과를 외부 전파원과 내부 디지털 모듈의 배치 변화에 따라 분석하였다. 차폐효과를 분석하기 위해서 FEKO EM 시뮬레이션 툴을 사용하여 캐비닛과 모듈을 모델링하였으며, 캐비닛의 유무에 따른 전계값을 통해서 차폐효과 분포를 도출하였다. 차폐효과는 2.4 GHz 주파수에서 캐비닛에 대한 입사각, 편파 그리고 모듈의 간격에 따라 관찰하였다. 결과 검증을 위해 차폐효과 측정용 다이폴안테나를 설계 및 제작하고 이를 활용해 캐비닛의 차폐효과를 측정하였다. 결과에 따르면 캐비닛 구조는 입사되는 전파의 편파가 지면에 수평하고, 디지털 모듈간의 간격이 넓을 때 더 높은 차폐효과를 기대 할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

MR compatible coaxial-slot antenna for microwave hyperthermia was developed while its structure and size of each part were determined by computer simulation using finite element method(FEM). Its local heating performance was evaluated using tissue-mimic phantom and swine muscles. 2% agarose gel mixed with 6mM/$\ell$ $MnCl_2$ as a biological tissue-mimic phantom was heated by the proposed antenna driven by a 2.45GHz microwave generator. The temperature changes of the phantom were monitored using multi-channel digital thermometer at the distance of 0mm, 5mm, 10mm and 20mm from the tip center of the antenna. Also muscle tissue of swine was heated for 2 and 5minutes with 50W and 30W of microwave generator powers, respectively, to evaluate the local heating performance of the antenna. MRI compatibility was also verified by acquiring MR images and MR temperature map. MR signals were acquired from the agarose gel phantom using $T2^*$ GRE sequence with 1.5T clinical MRI scanner(Signa Echospeed, GE, Milwaukee, WI, U.S.A.) at Pusan Paik Hospital and were transferred to PC in order to reconstruct MR images and temperature map using proton resonance frequency(PRF) method and laboratory-developed phase unwrapping algorithm. Authors found that it has no severe distortion due to the antenna inserted into the phantom. Finally, we can conclude that the suggested coaxial-slot antenna has an excellent local heating performance for both of tissue-mimic phantom and swine muscle, and it is compatible to 1.5T MRI scanner.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of catechin on the changes of microsomal mixed function oxidase(MFO) system and oxidative damage in rat liver exposed to microwave. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200$\pm$10g body weight were randomly assigned to one normal and microwave exposed groups: microwave exposed groups were divided three groups: catechin free diet(MW) group, 0.25% catechin(MW+0.25C) group and 0.5% catechin(MW+0.5C) group to the levels of dietary catechin supplementation. The rats were irradiated with microwave at frequency 2.45GHz for 15 min and then the changes pattern of mixed function oxidase system and oxidative damage were investigated for 16 days. The activity of XOD in MW group was increased from 4 day to 8 days after irradiation, compared to normal group and decreased to the level of normal group 16 days. But catechin supplementation group were maintained to the normal level. The contents of cytochrome P(sub)450 and NADPH cytochrome P(sub)450 reductase activities in liver of MW group was increased from 4 day to 8 day after irradiation, compared to normal group and decreased to the level of normal group at 16 day. But catechin supplementation group were recovered to the normal level. The contents of superoxide radical in liver of MW group was increased 1.28, 1.25, 1.17 fold of normal group at 4,6 and 8 days days after irradiation. respectively, but catechin supplementation group were maintained the normal level. The contents of lipifuscin in liver have a same tendency in superoxide radical contents. These result suggested that the supplementation of catechin have control the mixed function oxidase system and oxidative damage and that may help to recover tissues from microwave damage. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 299~305, 2001)

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2022

In this paper, a high gain, broadband planar vivaldi antenna (PVA) by utilizing a broadband stripline feed is developed for wireless communication for IoT systems. The suggested antenna is designed by attaching a tapered-slot construction to a typical vivaldi antenna, which improves the antenna's radiation properties. The PVA is constructed on a low-cost FR4 substrate. The dimensions of the patch are 1.886λ₀×1.42λ₀×0.026λ₀, dielectric constant Ɛ_r=4.4, and loss tangent δ=0.02. The width of the feed line is reduced to improve the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The computed reflection coefficient findings show that the suggested antenna has a 46.2% wider relative bandwidth calculated at a 10 dB return loss. At the resonance frequencies of 6.5 GHz, the studied results show an optimal gain of 5.82 dBi and 85% optimal radiation efficiency at the operable band. The optometric analysis of the proposed structure shows that the proposed antenna can achieve wide enough bandwidth at the desired frequency and hence make the designed antenna appropriate to work in satellite communication and medical internet of things (M-IoT) healthcare applications.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2009

As operating frequency is raised and as more integration with active and passive elements is required, it becomes difficult to fabricate more than 120 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance of a mierostrip line. To solve this problem, an equivalent high impedance transmission-line section is suggested, which consists mainly of a pair of coupled-line sections with two shorts. However, it becomes a transmission-line section only when its electrical length is fixed and its coupling power is more than half. To have transmission-line characteristics(perfect matching), independently of coupling power and electrical length, two identical open stubs are added and conventional design equations of evenand odd-mode impedances are modified, based on the fact that the modified design equations have the linear combinations of conventional ones. The high impedance transmission-line section is a passive component and therefore should be perfectly matched, at least at a design center frequency. For this, two different solutions are derived for the added open stub and two types of high impedance transmission-line sections with 160 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance are simulated as the electrical lengths of the coupled-line sections are varied. The simulation results show that the determination of the available bandwidth location depends on which solution is chosen. As an application, branch-line hybrids with very weak coupling power are investigated, depending on where an isolated port is located, and two types of branch-line hybrids are derived for each case. To verify the derived branch-line hybrids, a microstrip branch-line hybrid with -15 dB coupling power, composed of two 90$^{\circ}$ and two 270$^{\circ}$ transmission-line sections, is fabricated on a substrate of ${\varepsilon}_r$= 3.4 and h=0.76 mm and measured. In this case, 276.7 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance is fabricated using the suggested high impedance transmission-line sections. The measured coupling power is -14.5 dB, isolation and matching is almost perfect at a design center frequency of 2 GHz, showing good agreement with the prediction.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.68.1-68.1
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• 2012

The best part of graphene is - charge-carriers in it are mass less particles which move in near relativistic speeds. Comparing to other materials, electrons in graphene travel much faster - at speeds of $10^8cm/s$. A graphene sheet is pure enough to ensure that electrons can travel a fair distance before colliding. Electronic devices few nanometers long that would be able to transmit charge at breath taking speeds for a fraction of power compared to present day CMOS transistors. Many researches try to check a possibility to make it a perfect replacement for silicon based devices. Graphene has shown high potential to be used as interconnects in the field of high frequency electrical devices. With all those advantages of graphene, we demonstrate characteristics of electrical and optical properties of graphene such as the effect of graphene geometry on the microwave properties using the measurements of S-parameter in range of 500 MHz - 40 GHz at room temperature condition. We confirm that impedance and resistance decrease with increasing the number of graphene layer and w/L ratio. This result shows proper geometry of graphene to be used as high frequency interconnects. This study also presents the optical properties of graphene oxide (GO), which were deposited in different substrate, or influenced by oxygen plasma, were confirmed using different characterization techniques. 4-6 layers of the polycrystalline GO layers, which were confirmed by High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron diffraction analysis, were shown short range order of crystallization by the substrate as well as interlayer effect with an increase in interplanar spacing, which can be attributed to the presence of oxygen functional groups on its layers. X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of the $sp^2$ and $sp^3$ hybridization due to the disordered crystal structures of the carbon atoms results from oxidation, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and XPS analysis shows the changes in oxygen functional groups with nature of substrate. Moreover, the photoluminescent (PL) peak emission wavelength varies with substrate and the broad energy level distribution produces excitation dependent PL emission in a broad wavelength ranging from 400 to 650 nm. The structural and optical properties of oxygen plasma treated GO films for possible optoelectronic applications were also investigated using various characterization techniques. HRTEM and electron diffraction analysis confirmed that the oxygen plasma treatment results short range order crystallization in GO films with an increase in interplanar spacing, which can be attributed to the presence of oxygen functional groups. In addition, Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of the $sp^2$ and $sp^3$ hybridization due to the disordered crystal structures of the carbon atoms results from oxidation and XPS analysis shows that epoxy pairs convert to more stable C=O and O-C=O groups with oxygen plasma treatment. The broad energy level distribution resulting from the broad size distribution of the $sp^2$ clusters produces excitation dependent PL emission in a broad wavelength range from 400 to 650 nm. Our results suggest that substrate influenced, or oxygen treatment GO has higher potential for future optoelectronic devices by its various optical properties and visible PL emission.