• 대한수학회보
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.1177-1193
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• 2020

Fully prime rings (in which every proper ideal is prime) have been studied by Blair and Tsutsui, and fully semiprime rings (in which every proper ideal is semiprime) have been studied by Courter. For a given module M, we introduce the notions of a fully prime module and a fully semiprime module, and extend certain results of Blair, Tsutsui, and Courter to the category subgenerated by M. We also consider the relationship between the conditions (1) M is a fully prime (semiprime) module, and (2) the endomorphism ring of M is a fully prime (semiprime) ring.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1974

단위원을 가지는 하환환에 있어서의 Prime Spectrum에 관하여 다음 세가지 사실을 증명하였다. 1. X를 환 R의 prime spectrum, C(X)를 X에서 정의되는 실연적함수의 환, X를 C(X)의 maximal spectrum이라 하면 X는 C(X)의 prime spectrum의 부분공간으로서의 한 T-space로 된다. N을 환 R의 nilradical이라 하면, R/N이 regula 이면 X와 X는 위상동형이다. 2. f: R$\longrightarrow$R'을 ring homomorphism, P를 R의 한 Prime ideal, $R_{p}$, R'$_{p}$를 각각 S=R-P 및 f(S)에 관한 분수환(ring of fraction)이라 하고, k(P)를 local ring $R_{p}$의 residue' field라 할 때, R'의 prime spectrum의 부분공간인 $f^{*-1}$(P)는 k(P)(equation omitted)$_{R}$R'의 prime spectrum과 위상동형이다. 단 f*는 f*(Q)=$f^{-1}$(Q)로서 정의되는 함수 s*:Spec(R')$\longrightarrow$Spec(R)이다. 3. X를 환 S의 prime spectrum, N을 R의 nilradical이라 할 때, 다음 네가지 사실은 동치이다. (1) R/N 은 regular 이다. (2) X는 Zarski topology에 관하여 Hausdorff 공간이다. (3) X에서의 Zarski topology와 constructible topology와는 일치한다. (4) R의 임의의 원소 f에 대하여 f를 포함하지 않는 R의 prime ideal 전체의 집합 $X_{f}$는 Zarski topology에 관하여 개집합인 동시에 폐집합이다.폐집합이다....

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2009

We introduce the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy k-ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy prime k-ideals of a semiring. And we investigate some properties of them.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2001

Let R be a prime ring with characteristic not two. U a (${\sigma},{\tau}$)-left Lie ideal of R and d : R$\rightarrow$R a non-zero derivation. The purpose of this paper is to invesitigate identities satisfied on prime rings. We prove the following results: (1) [d(R),a]=0$\Leftrightarrow$d([R,a])=0. (2) if $(R,a)_{{\sigma},{\tau}}$=0 then $a{\in}Z$. (3) if $(R,a)_{{\sigma},{\tau}}{\subset}C_{{\sigma},{\tau}}$ then $a{\in}Z$. (4) if $(U,a){\subset}Z$ then $a^2{\in}Z\;or\;{\sigma}(u)+{\tau}(u){\in}Z$, for all $u{\in}U$. (5) if $(U,R)_{{\sigma},{\tau}}{\subset}C_{{\sigma},{\tau}}$ then $U{\subset}Z$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.511-528
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• 2008

Let (R, m) be a 2-dimensional regular local ring with algebraically closed residue field R/m. Let K be the quotient field of R and $\upsilon$ be a prime divisor of R, i.e., a valuation of K which is birationally dominating R and residually transcendental over R. Zariski showed that there are finitely many simple $\upsilon$-ideals $m\;=\;P_0\;{\supset}\;P_1\;{\supset}\;{\cdots}\;{\supset}\;P_t\;=\;P$ and all the other $\upsilon$-ideals are uniquely factored into a product of those simple ones [17]. Lipman further showed that the predecessor of the smallest simple $\upsilon$-ideal P is either simple or the product of two simple $\upsilon$-ideals. The simple integrally closed ideal P is said to be free for the former and satellite for the later. In this paper we describe the sequence of simple $\upsilon$-ideals when P is satellite of order 3 in terms of the invariant $b_{\upsilon}\;=\;|\upsilon(x)\;-\;\upsilon(y)|$, where $\upsilon$ is the prime divisor associated to P and m = (x, y). Denote $b_{\upsilon}$ by b and let b = 3k + 1 for k = 0, 1, 2. Let $n_i$ be the number of nonmaximal simple $\upsilon$-ideals of order i for i = 1, 2, 3. We show that the numbers $n_{\upsilon}$ = ($n_1$, $n_2$, $n_3$) = (${\lceil}\frac{b+1}{3}{\rceil}$, 1, 1) and that the rank of P is ${\lceil}\frac{b+7}{3}{\rceil}$ = k + 3. We then describe all the $\upsilon$-ideals from m to P as products of those simple $\upsilon$-ideals. In particular, we find the conductor ideal and the $\upsilon$-predecessor of the given ideal P in cases of b = 1, 2 and for b = 3k + 1, 3k + 2, 3k for $k\;{\geq}\;1$. We also find the value semigroup $\upsilon(R)$ of a satellite simple valuation ideal P of order 3 in terms of $b_{\upsilon}$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2005

Let (R, m) be a 2-dimensional regular local ring with algebraically closed residue field R/m. Let K be the quotient field of R and v be a prime divisor of R, i.e., a valuation of K which is birationally dominating R and residually transcendental over R. Zariski showed that there are finitely many simple v-ideals $m=P_0\;{\supset}\;P_1\;{\supset}\;{\cdotS}\;{\supset}\;P_t=P$ and all the other v-ideals are uniquely factored into a product of those simple ones. It then was also shown by Lipman that the predecessor of the smallest simple v-ideal P is either simple (P is free) or the product of two simple v-ideals (P is satellite), that the sequence of v-ideals between the maximal ideal and the smallest simple v-ideal P is saturated, and that the v-value of the maximal ideal is the m-adic order of P. Let m = (x, y) and denote the v-value difference |v(x) - v(y)| by $n_v$. In this paper, if the m-adic order of P is 2, we show that $O(P_i)\;=\;1\;for\;1\;{\leq}\;i\; {\leq}\;{\lceil}\;{\frac{b+1}{2}}{\rceil}\;and\;O(P_i)\;=2\;for\;{\lceil}\;\frac{b+3}{2}\rceil\;{\leq}\;i\;\leq\;t,\;where\;b=n_v$. We also show that $n_w\;=\;n_v$ when w is the prime divisor associated to a simple v-ideal $Q\;{\supset}\;P$ of order 2 and that w(R) = v(R) as well.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2012

In this paper we introduce the notion of P-strongly regular near-ring. We have shown that a zero-symmetric near-ring N is P-strongly regular if and only if N is P-regular and P is a completely semiprime ideal. We have also shown that in a P-strongly regular near-ring N, the following holds: (i) $Na$ + P is an ideal of N for any $a{\in}N$. (ii) Every P-prime ideal of N containing P is maximal. (iii) Every ideal I of N fulfills I + P = $I^2$ + P.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2004

In a ring $R_n(K,\;J)$ where K is a commutative ring with identity and J is an ideal of K, all prime ideals of $R_n(K,\;J)$ are of the form either $M_n(P)\;o;R_n(P,\;P\;{\cap}\;J)$. Therefore there is a one to one correspondence between prime ideals of K not containing J and prime ideals of $R_n(K,\;J)$.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.343-347
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• 2016

Posner's first theorem states that if R is a prime ring of characteristic different from two, $d_1$ and $d_2$ are derivations on R such that the iterate $d_1d_2$ is also a derivation of R, then at least one of $d_1$, $d_2$ is zero. In the present paper we extend this result to *-prime rings of characteristic different from two.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.827-835
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• 2015

Let U be a ${\sigma}$-square closed Lie ideal of a 2-torsion free ${\sigma}$-prime ${\Gamma}$-ring M. Let $d{\neq}1$ be an automorphism of M such that $[u,d(u)]_{\alpha}{\in}Z(M)$ on U, $d{\sigma}={\sigma}d$ on U, and there exists $u_0$ in $Sa_{\sigma}(M)$ with $M{\Gamma}u_0{\subseteq}U$. Then, $U{\subseteq}Z(M)$. By applying this result, we generalize the results of Oukhtite and Salhi respect to ${\Gamma}$-rings. Finally, for a non-zero derivation of a 2-torsion free ${\sigma}$-prime $\Gamma$-ring, we obtain suitable conditions under which the $\Gamma$-ring must be commutative.