• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2010

Fatty acids in seed oil from plants are essential for human nutrients and have been used for industrial purpose. The growing demands of seed oil as food resources and feedstocks for industrial uses have attempted to modify fatty acid composition and to increase oil content in transgenic plants. However, production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants are limited, which is not synthesized the level same as original plants. This bottleneck was common for production of several unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants and suggests that there is different for substrate preference in oil metabolic pathway enzymes between host oil plants and original wild plants. Review of acyltransferases involved in acyl-editing and seed oil accumulation of oil plant and wild-plant producing unusual fatty acids will design strategies to maximize the production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants. In here, we identified eleven acyltransferase genes in castor based on sequence homology, which will be useful to increase hydroxy unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.659-664
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• 2012

The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of HMBi on the production performance and metabolism in dairy cows. Thirty multiparous Holstein dairy cows under similar conditions were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments; i) Control, a basal diet; ii) T1, a basal diet plus HMBi (0 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum); and iii) T2, a basal diet plus HMBi (10 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum). Treatments were initiated 21 d before expected calving and continued through 91 d postpartum. HMBi was top-dressed onto the total mixed ration of each cow. Treatments did not affect dry matter intake, plasma urea nitrogen, peak milk yield, days to peak milk yield, nonesterified fatty acid, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamic oxalaetic transaminase, milk fat content, milk protein content, milk lactose content, and milk solid non-fat content. The milk composition yields were increased by the HMBi-supplemented treatment. The T1 and T2 treatments increased the yields of 4% fat-corrected milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and milk lactose compared with the control. Although there was no difference in the milk composition of the control and T2-treated cows, the T2-treated cows exhibited higher milk fat yield (increased by 74 g/d), lower milk urea nitrogen (reduced by 3.41%), and plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate than the control cows. The results indicate that HMBi supplementation to diet has beneficial effects, and that there is no difference between supplementation at prepartum and starting only at parturition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 1998

A bacterium producing unique antistaphylococcal substance (ASS) was isolated from soil samples. The isolated strain KUH-001 was identified to belong to Pseudomonas species from the characteristic properties of its fluorescence and cellular 3-hydroxy fatty acid composition, etc. The ASS component was purified by procedures employing activated carbon adsorption, column chromatography with silica gel, preparative TLC and HPLC. This compound could also be purified mainly by repeating of trituration and precipitation with chilled ether. Purified ASS with a m.p. value of $140~142^{\circ}C$ showed marked stability at high temperature (at $121^{\circ}C$ for 10 min) and extreme pHs (in 1N HC1 and 1N NaOH for 1 day) without significant loss of antibiotic activity. From spectral data of UV, IR, NMR, and FAB-MS, the compound was elucidated as 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HHQO). Under the conditions employed, HHQO exhibited a narrow antimicrobial spectrum. active particularly against Staphylococcus aureus including the methicillin resistant strain. Moreover, it did not induce resistance, and besides, interacted synergistically with certain antibiotics such as vancomycin or erythromycin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.398-402
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• 2022

Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), a rich source of polyphenols, exerts hypocholesterolemic effects. However, little is known about its effects on the regulation of the hepatic cholesterol metabolism and the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, the effects of polyphenol-rich black chokeberry extract (CBE) on hepatic cholesterol metabolism were investigated by measuring the expression of genes involved in the absorption, de novo synthesis, and efflux of cholesterol in HepG2 cells. There was a significant reduction in the expression levels of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, the low-density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, in CBE-treated HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, CBE increased the expression levels of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid efflux. The expression levels of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation genes increased, whereas those of lipogenic genes decreased following CBE treatment. These data suggest that the consumption of black chokeberry may be beneficial for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented chub mackerel extract (FCME) on lipid metabolism in rats fed diets without cholesterol. Four week-old male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats with 0, 1% or 2% FCME supplementation to the diets. Purified diets were used in the present study. Feed and water were fed ad libitum. FCME supplementation had no effect on the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, and the content of free cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in the liver (p>0.05). 1% FCME supplementation significantly increased serum triglyceride (p<0.05) and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity (p<0.05) with no effect on serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol and phospholipid concentration. FCME supplementation significantly reduced serum LDL+VLDL-cholesterol (p<0.01) and atherogenic index (p<0.01) with no effect on HDL-cholesterol. The current study showed that FCME inclusion might reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in rats fed diet without cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.288-292
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• 2003

We isolated a bacterium, K-19, which could degrade PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) from a soil sample contaminated with PAHs. K-19 was cultured under the conditions where phenanthrene was a sole source of carbon and energy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.705-711
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• 2007

Two novel strains of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides(CFB) group, designated Gsoil $219^T$ and Gsoil $238^T$, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field of Pocheon Province in Korea. Both strains were Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both isolates belong to the genus Chitinophaga but were clearly separated from established species of this genus. The sequence similarities between strain Gsoil $219^T$ and type strains of the established species and between strain Gsoil $238^T$ and type strains of the established species ranged from 91.4 to 94.7% and 91.6 to 94.2%, respectively. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data(major menaquinone, MK-7; major fatty acids, $iso-C_{15:0}\;and\;C_{16:1}\omega5c$; major hydroxy fatty acid, $iso-C_{17:0}3-OH$; major polyamine, homospermidine) supported the affiliation of both strains Gsoil $219^T$ and Gsoil $238^T$ to the genus Chitinophaga. Furthermore, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of both strains from the other validated Chitinophaga species. Therefore, the two isolates represent two novel species, for which the name Chitinophaga soli sp. nov.(type strain, Gsoil $219^T=KCTC\;12650^T=DSM\;18093^T$) and Chitinophaga terrae sp. nov.(type strain, Gsoil $238^T=KCTC\;12651^T=DSM\;18078^T$) are proposed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.272-277
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• 2019

The effects of medium-chain enriched diacylglycerol (MCE-DAG) oil on hepatic cholesterol homeostasis were investigated. HepG2 hepatocytes were treated with either 0.5, 1.0, or $1.5{\mu}g/mL$ of MCE-DAG for 48 h. There was no evidence of cytotoxicity by MCE-DAG up to $1.5{\mu}g/mL$. The level of proteins for cholesterol uptake including CLATHRIN and LDL receptor increased by MCE-DAG in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Furthermore, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, an inhibitor of LDLR, was dose-dependently diminished (p<0.05), indicating cholesterol clearance raised. MCE-DAG significantly increased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase2 (p<0.05), required for cholesterol synthesis, and their transcriptional regulator sterol regulatory element-binding protein2 (p<0.05). These findings suggest that given conditions of prolonged sterol fasting in the current study activated both hepatic cholesterol synthesis and clearance by MCE-DAG. However, total intracellular level of cholesterol was not altered by MCE-DAG. Taken together, MCE-DAG has the potential to prevent hypercholesterolemia by increasing hepatic cholesterol uptake without affecting intracellular cholesterol level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.733-738
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• 2003

Chemical compositions and DPPH radical scavenger activity in different sections of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) were investigated. Protein contained 28.39% in sprout and fat contained 20.47% in seed, respectively. Linoleic acid as predominant unsaturated fatty acid of safflower contained 80.01% in sprout and 78.27% in seed. Glucose contained 1253.6mg% in sprout and fructose contained 970.7mg% in sprout. Sucrose contained 912.0mg% in flower bud. Succinic acid was included 2795.3 mg% in flower, malic acid was included 2054.8mg% in leaf. K as minerals contained 2826.8mg% in leaf and 2613,6 mg% in sprout, Ca contained 1999.8mg% in leaf and 1160.9mg% in sprout. Total phenolics contained 5.8%, 4.7%, 4.4% in flower, sprout and leaf, and total flavonoid contained 6.5%, 2.5%, 2.0% in flower, sprout and leaf, respectively Serotonin-I (Ν- [2- (5-hydroxy - l Η- indol -3- yl)ethyl] ferulamide) as serotonin compounds was determined 147.7mg% in seed, serotonin - II (Ν-［2-(5-hydroxy-lΗ-indo-1-3yl )ethyl]-p-coumaramide) was determined 155.4 mg% in seed. Acacetin as flavonoid compounds was contained 116.5mg% in seed. Luteolin as flavonoid compounds was identified 388.3mg% in sprout, luteolin 7-glucoside was determined 692.3mg% in leaf, respectively. DPPH radical scavenger activity was measured by DPPH method, it was shown higher 114.2% in ethanol extract of flower and 113.6% in ethanol extract of leaf than 88.05% of 100 ppm BHA as chemical antioxidant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.126-136
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• 2019

Objective: This study was performed to compare fat content, reducing sugar contents, sensory traits, and fatty acid (FA) and volatile compound profiles in longissimus thoracis (LT) among Korean cattle (KC), Holstein (HO), and Angus (AN) steers. Methods: Twelve LT samples (about 500 g each) of KC with an average age of $31{\pm}0.42months$, an average carcass weight of $431{\pm}12.5kg$, and a quality grade (QG) of 1+ were obtained from the joint livestock products market. Twelve LT samples of HO cattle with an average age of $24{\pm}0.54months$, an average carcass weight of $402{\pm}7.81kg$, and a QG of 2 were also obtained from the same market. Twelve LT samples of AN steers with an average age of about 20 months and a QG of choice were purchased from a beef delivery company. After slaughter, samples were kept at $4^{\circ}C$ for 42 days and prepared for immediate analysis or stored at appropriate conditions. The chemical composition, color, pH, shear force, collagen content, reducing sugars, sensory evaluation, FA composition, and volatile compound content for each LT sample were analyzed. Results: The LT of KC had the highest (p<0.05) fat content, the highest reducing sugar content, and the highest scores in the sensory evaluation (flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance). All the sensory traits were positively correlated (p<0.001) with intramuscular fat and reducing sugar content. Several FAs and volatile compound profiles varied among the breeds. KC LT had the highest (p<0.05) concentrations of acetaldehyde, 3-methyl butanal, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and these volatile compounds were positively correlated (p<0.05) with all the sensory traits. Conclusion: Variations in fat content and reducing sugar contents and FA and volatile compound profiles may contribute to differences in the sensory quality of LT among breeds.