• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 1982

This study was designed to find out the nutritional defect of general Korean diet and the effective way of nutritional supplementation. Seventy weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 51.8$\pm$0.9g were blocked into ten groups and fed ten different diets ad libitum for eight weeks: Standard groups(st gp) was given 72% sugar-20% casein diet: Cereal-vegetable group(c-v gp) was fed cereal-vegetable diet(c-v diet) composed of rice, barley, soybean, spinach and cabbage: the other eight groups were fed c-v diets supplemented with casein, vitamin $B_{2}$, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and A, vitamin A and calcium, vitamin $B_{2}$ and calcium, vitamin A and $B_{2}$and calcium, respectively, on the basis of each nutrients content of standard diet. The results were as follows: 1. Food intakes and body weight gains in all the experimental groups were significantly lower than st gp. Among experimental groups, casein gp and vit B2 gp tended to gain more body weights than c-v gp. 2. Through all the experimental period, F.E.R., pp.E.R., and NDPcal% did nod show significant differences among all the experimental groups and st gp. 3. The weights of liver, kidney, and gastrocnemius were significantly lower in all the experimental groups as compared with st gp. But brain and sex organ weights did not show differences among all the groups. 4. Nitrogen contents of total carcass, liver, and gastrocnemius in all the experimental groups tended to be increased as compared with st gp, and among experimental groups, they tended to be increased by casein supplementation and decreased by ca supplementation. 5. Apparent nitrogen digestibility, urinary and fecal nitrogen excretion, the amount of nitrogen retained, and N.P.U. did not show any significant differences among all the groups. 6. Serum total protein concentrations did not show any significant differences among all the groups.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin(Mw 500) powder (SFP) on oxygen radicals and the scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of rats. Spragu-Dawley(SD) male rats(160${\pm}$10g) were fed basic diet(control group), and experimental diets(SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups) added 2.5 and 5.0g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical($.$OH) levels resulted in a decreases(6.6% and 9.7%, 2.8% and 11.9%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group, but were significantly decreased in these membrances of SFP-5.0 group only. Superoxide radical (O2) levels were a slightly decreased (2.0% and 9.1%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreased (12.9% and 21.9%, 13.2% and 22.5%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were significantly decreased (16.7% and 15.7%, respectively) in brain microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 group compared with control group, but significantly difference between in brain mitochondria of these two groups could not be obtained. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably increased (11.2% and 24.2%, respectively) in mitochodria of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups. CuZn-SOD activities were effectively increased (7.7% and 19.6%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups, but significant difference between control and SFP-2.5 groups could be not obtained. GSHPx activities were considerably increased (5.3% and 11.7%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.0 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. There results suggest that anti-aging effect of silk fibroin may play an effective learning and memory role in a attenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in brain membranes.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.300-310
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• 2015

In this study, we modified silica nanoparticles with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (TPED) silane coupling agent, which has one primary and one secondary amino groups in a molecule, to introduce amino groups on the silica surface. After modification of silica, we used 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (AHM) to introduce methacrylate groups by Michael addition reaction. We found about 30% of N-H groups on the TPED modified silica surface reacted with acrylate groups of AHM compared to about 85% of reaction between N-H groups of pure TPED with acrylate groups of pure AHM. This lower degree of Michael addition reaction for heterogeneous reaction between N-H groups on the solid TPED modified silica and liquid AHM compared to homogeneous reaction between pure liquid TPED and pure liquid AHM may be caused by lower mobility of grafted amino groups of TPED moiety and higher steric hindrance caused by solid silica particles.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1991

After dividing 372 Korean people of 47 different family names into 307 people of 28 indigenous family name groups and 65 people of 19 immigrated family name groups and investigating Pr. Db, Pa gene frequency of each family name groups based on phenotype of parotid saliva character the author have got following conclusions. 1. The gene frequencies of indigenous family name groups were Pr1=0.686, Pr2=0.314, Pr gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were Pr1=0.7, Pr2=0.3. 2. The gene frequencies of indigenous family name groups were Db==0.021, Db-=0.979, Pr gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were Db+=0.023, Db-=0.977. 3. The gene frequencies of indigenous family name groups were Pa+=0.248, Pa-=0.752, Pr gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were Pa+=0.206, Pa-=0.794. 4. The Pr gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were in the middle of those of Chinese people and indigenous people groups. 5. There was no significant difference of Db gene frequencies between indigenous and immigrated family name groups. 6. Pa gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were similar to those of Chinese people.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.172-179
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• 2001

In order to improve dye uptime and wash fastness on dyeing of cotton fabrics with Amur cork tree, twitter ionic groups, acid groups, hydrophobic groups or cross linkage were introduced into cotton fabrics. Results obtained were as follows, 1 The optimum modification of cotton fabrics was carbosy methylation in the water solution containing 15% sodium chloroacetate and 15% sodium hydroxide and then introducing hydrophobic groups by treating in the solution containing $30m\ell$ DMSO and $3m\ell$ 2,4-TDI 2. Numbers of carbon, diisocyanate group than monoisocyanate group and aromatic compound than aliphatic compound in introduced hydrophobic groups were effective. 3. The dye uptake and wash fastness wore enhanced significantly by treating only with 2,4-TDI. 4. The wash fastness seems to correlate to the degree of swelling of the fabric during washing and also depend on the Interaction between dyes and acid groups as well as hydrophobic groups.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2009

Throughout this paper, we denote that R is a near-ring and G an R-group. We initiate a study of R-substructures of G, monogenic R-groups, faithful R-groups and faithful D.G. representations of near-rings. Next, we investigate some properties of monogenic R-groups, faithful monogenic R-groups and a generalization of annihilator concepts in R-groups.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

The effect of topical application with 200,400 and 600 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and Naphthoxyacetic Acid (NOA) to the fifth stadium larvae of the silkworm, B. mori on fat body glycogen, protein, total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and haemolymph trehalose and protein has been studied. The fat body glycogen significantly increased in all the groups treated with 2,4-D whereas there is no significantly change in fat body glycogen in all the groups treated with NDA. However, the haemolymph trehalose was significantly increased in all 274-D and NOA treated groups except in the groups treated with 400 and 600 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-D where the increase was not significant.The fat body protein did not show any significant change in all groups treated with 2,4-D and NOA except in the groups treated with 200 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-D where the fat body protein was significantly increased. The total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids of the fat body increased significantly in all the groups treated with 2,4-D and NOA when compared with those of the corresponding parameters of the carrier control.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-51
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• 2003

To demonstrate the effect of massages on the skeletal muscles of immobilization ddY mice models induced by right side sciatic nerve neurectomy, the cross sectional histological profiles of the muscularis (M) gastrocnemius, M. tibialis cranialis and M. tibialis caudalis were observed after 28 days of treatment of massages with the changes of body weight, thickness of hind limb and individual muscle weights. In addition, changes of serum aspartate amino- transferase (AST) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels were also demonstrated with diameter of individual muscle fiber and muscle fasciculata, and number of muscle fiber in each of three types of muscles located in the calf. The experimental groups were divided into five groups, 1) Sham-operated group (Sham), 2) Neurectomized but not massage control group (Control), 3) Neurectomized and massage at knee joint regions (T1), 4) Neurectomized and massage at calf regions (T2), and 5) Neurectomized and massages at achilles tendon regions (T3). The experimental animals were used 5 per groups. The results are as follow: 1. No significant changes of body weight were demonstrated in this groups during whole experimental periods compared to that of Sham group. In addition, no significant changes of body weight gains during experimental periods (Day 0 - Day 27: 28 days of treatment) were also observed. 2. The thickness of intact left side hind limb was not changes in all tested groups compared to that of Sham group. However, the thickness of right side hind limb were remarkedly decreased in Control, T1, T2 and T3 groups compared to that of Sham group. In addition, the differences of thickness of hind limb between right and left sides were also significantly increased in Control and massage groups (T1, T2 and T3) compared to that of Sham group. However, the thickness of right side of hind limb were significantly increased and the differences of thickness between both sides of hind limb were dramatically decreased in massage groups compared to that of Control group in followed order: T1 > T3 > T2. 3. Absolute and relative weight of M. gastrocnemius in the intact left side of hind limb was not changes in all tested groups compared to that of Sham group. However, the weight of right side M. gastrocnemius were remarkedly decreased in Control, T1, T2 and T3 groups compared to that of Sham group. In addition, the differences of weight of M. gastrocnemius between right and left sides were also significantly increased in Control and massage groups compared to that of Sham group. However, the weight of right side M. gastrocnemius were significantly increased and the differences of weight between both sides of M. gastrocnemius were dramatically decreased in massage groups compared to that of Control group in followed order: T3 > T1 >. 4. Absolute and relative weight of M. tibialis cranialis in the intact left side was not changes in all tested groups compared to that of Sham group. However, the weight of right side M. tibialis cranialis were remarkedly decreased in Control, T1, T2 and T3 groups compared to that of Sham group. In addition, the differences of weight of M. tibialis cranialis between right and left sides were also significantly increased in Control and massage groups compared to that of Sham group. However, the weight of right side M. tibialis cranialis were significantly increased and . the differences of weight between both sides of M. tibialis cranialis were dramatically decreased in massage groups compared to that of Control group in followed order: T3 > T1 > T2. 5. Absolute and relative weight of M. tibialis caudalis in the intact left side was not changes in all tested groups compared to that of Sham group. However, the weight of right side M. tibialis caudalis were remarkedly decreased in Control, T1, T2 and T3 groups compared to that of Sham group. In addition, the differences of weight of M. tibialis caudalis between right and left sides were also significantly increased in Control and massage groups compared to that of Sham group. However, the weight of right side M. tibialis caudalis were significantly increased and the differences of weight between both sides of M. tibialis caudalis were dramatically decreased in massage groups compared to that of Control group in followed order: T3 > T1 > T2. 6. A significant increase of serum AST levels were demonstrated in Control group. However, serum AST levels of massage groups were significantly decreased compared to that of Control group in followed order: T3 > T1 > T2. In case of 73 group, the values decreased into similar levels compared to that of Sham group. 7. A significant increase of serum CK levels were demonstrated in Control group. However, serum CK levels of massage groups were significantly decreased compared to that of Control group in followed order: T3 > T1 > T2.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.349-365
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• 2006

State of problem : A number of investigation about increase of surface area via various surface treatments and modification of surface constituent have been carried out. Purpose : The surface characteristics and stability of implants treated with anodic oxidation, fluoride ion incorporation, and groups treated with both methods were evaluated. Material and method : Specimens were divided into six groups, group 1 was the control group with machined surface implants, groups 2 and 3 were anodic oxidized implants (group 2 was treated with 1M $H_2SO_4$ and 185V, group 3 was treated with 0.25M $H_2SO_4$ and $H_3PO_4$ and 300V). Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with fluoride. Group 4 was machined implants treated with 0.1% HF, and groups 5 and 6 were groups 2 and 3 treated with 10% NaF respectively. Using variable methods, implant surface characteristics were observed, and the implant stability was evaluated on rabbit tibia at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Result : 1. In comparison of the surface characteristics of anodic oxidized groups, group 2 displayed delicate and uniform oxidation layer with small pore size containing Ti, C, O and showed mainly rutile, but group 3 displayed large pore size and irregular oxidation layer with many crators. 2. In comparison of the surface characteristics of fluoride treated groups 4, 5, 6 and non-fluoride treated groups 1, 2, 3, the configurations were similar but the fluoride treated groups displayed rougher surfaces and composition analysis revealed fluoride in groups 4, 5, 6. 3. The fluoride incorporated anodic oxidized groups showed the highest resonance frequency values and removal torque values, and the values decreased in the order of anodic oxidized groups, fluoride treated group, control group. 4. According to implant stability tests, group 2 and 3 showed significantly higher values than the control group (P<.05). The fluoride treated groups showed relatively higher values than the non fluoride treated groups and there were significant difference between group 4 and group 1 (P<.05). Conclusion : From the results above, it can be considered that the anodic oxidation method is an effective method to increase initial bone stability and osseointegration and fluoride containing implant surfaces enhance new bone formation. Implants containing both of these methods should increase osseointegration, and reduce the healing period.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dandelion (Teraxacum platycarpum) extracts obtained by only water and with ultrasonification on antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in high cholesterol-fed rats. Five groups of rats were given high cholesterol diets for 8 weeks. The control group received without dandelion extracts and the other four groups received with one of dandelion extracts for 4 weeks respectively ; TP-N-1(100 mg/kg/day of Teraxacum platycarpum water extract), TP-N-2(200 mg/kg/day of Teraxacum platycarpum water extract), TP-S-1(100 mg/kg/day of Teraxacum platycarpum water-ultrasonification extract), TP-S-2(200 mg/kg/day of Teraxacum platycarpum water-ultrasonification extract). The results are summarized as follows; The hepatic and plasma TBARS levels significantly decreased in the dandelion extracts groups compared to those of no treatment group. Especially the group TP-N-2 was comparatively best among those. TP-N-2 groups had significantly higher levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities. There was no significant difference between dandelion extracts groups and no treatment group in SOD levels. In plasma triglyceride level, plasma FFA level, TP-S-2 group had significantly lower levels than that of the other groups. In plasma glucose levels, dandelion extracts group were similar to those of normal rats. Plasma total cholesterol levels significantly decreased in the TP-S-2 group compared to those of the other groups. HDL levels were also significantly higher than those of the other groups. Compared with those of no treatment group, dandelion extract groups had significantly higher levels of LDL. In liver total cholesterol level, TP-S-2 groups had significantly lower levels than that of the other groups. Compared with those of no treatment group, dandelion extracts groups had significantly lower levels of liver triglyceride, but especially the TP-S-2 group showed comparatively the best significant effect among those. TBARS, triglyceride, LDL, FFA levels significantly decreased in TP-S-2 groups compared to the other four groups. HDL levels was also significantly higher than the other four groups. According to the above result, it could be suggested that ultrasonic extraction have the upper hand in lipid metabolism and water extraction have the advantage of antioxidative system.