• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.567-569
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• 2006

Recently, the terrestrial laser scanner is considered as useful measurement equipment for acquiring a three-dimensional data. In this study, a terrestrial laser scanner which has +/- 2.5cm accuracy is examined whether the terrestrial laser scanner is reliable to present the tendency of landslide movement. The test area is covered by protection blocks, and they are being moved by landslide movement. Landslide movement was detected by measuring the movement of protection blocks. Totally three scenes of test area were acquired during 2004 and 2006. The three scenes of the protection blocks were registered in global coordinate system, then the landslide movement was investigated. The landslide movement detected in the three scenes was evaluated by comparing with landslide movement measured by a total station. Although the measurement accuracy of landslide using the terrestrial laser scanner was worse than the total station, the scanning data showed the tendency of landslide movement of the test area.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2002

Recently, the research about color matching for the input/output devices of printing process is progressing rapidly by the digitization. The calibration method of flatbed scanner widely used as an input device for prepress process is especially important for color proofing of high quality color prints. In this paper, scanner calibration method using 3-dimensional look-up table and tetrahedral interpolation was examined and analysed comparatively on the three kinds of original copies, such as photograph, dye sublimation proof and ink jet print for IT8.T/2 target.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.305-320
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• 2014

This study identifies the foot shapes of elderly women by classifying foot type according to the 3D shape of the foot and 2D sole type analyzing individual characteristics. The subjects were 295 elderly women over 60 years of age who live in Gwangju. A foot scanner (K&I Technology $Nexcan^{(R)}$) was used to obtain three-dimensional shapes of feet and a flat bad scanner (HP Scanjet G2410) was used to obtain the two-dimensional shapes of soles. The anthropometric measuring items consisted of 59 items estimated on the right foot of each subject. Data were analyzed by various statistical methods such as factor analysis, ANOVA and cluster analysis using the SPSS 19.0 statistical program. To classify the side type of elderly women's feet, three-dimensional measurement data were analyzed for the 27 measurement items using factor analysis and 6 factors were extracted (inside height and side gradient, ankle thickness, toe height and midfoot size, lateral malleolus height, instep, and heel height and gradient). A cluster analysis resulted in three types: 36.5% belonged to Type 1 (high forefoot and high midfoot), 31.1% belonged to Type 2 (high forefoot and low midfoot), and 32.4% belonged to Type 3 (low forefoot and high midfoot). The distribution was relatively even. For the sole, 8 factors were extracted (ball width and medial foot protrusion, lateral foot protrusion, forefoot and hindfoot length ratio, ball gradient, heel size, toe breadth, lateral ball length, and foot length) and a cluster analysis resulted in three Types (Type H, Type D, and Type A). The largest proportion (42.7%) belonged to Type H, which is the same as the elderly men's case.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2003

This paper presents a cost-effective 3D foot scanner system that provides the 3-dimensional point cloud foot data to design the custom footwear. To measure the 3-dimensional point cloud data of the foot, a CCD camera, a Non-Gaussian laser line projector and optical triangulation method are employed. Furthermore, the integrated system employs a measurement base, a frame grabber, a CCD moving cart, a stepping motor and a computer. The measurement result is saved as 3D dxf format and it could be converted to 2D essential data fer a shoe design. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system have the decent resolution of 1mm which is enough for last and shoe design.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2004

A metrological atomic force microscope (M-AFM) was developed fur the length measurements of nanometer range, through the modification of a commercial AFM. To eliminate nonlinearity and crosstalk of the PZT tube scanner of the commercial AFM, a two-axis flexure hinge scanner employing built-in capacitive sensors is used for X-Y motion instead of PZT tube scanner. Then two-dimensional displacement of the scanner is measured using two-axis heterodyne laser interferometer to ensure the meter-traceability. Through the measurements of several specimens, we could verify the elimination of nonlinearity and crosstalk. The uncertainty of length measurements was estimated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. Among several sources of uncertainty, the primary one is the drift of laser interferometer output, which occurs mainly from the variation of refractive index of air and the thermal stability. The Abbe error, which is proportional to the measured length, is another primary uncertainty source coming from the parasitic motion of the scanner. The expanded uncertainty (k =2) of length measurements using the M-AFM is √(4.26)$^2$+(2.84${\times}$10$^{-4}$ ${\times}$L)$^2$(nm), where f is the measured length in nm. We also measured the pitch of one-dimensional grating and compared the results with those obtained by optical diffractometry. The relative difference between these results is less than 0.01 %.

• 복식
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2007

This study has been conducted to classify elderly men's feet with the three-dimensional body scanner data of Size Korea. It was intended to assist the manufacturing of the shoes that can appropriately perform the functions of feet, by providing the specific information about the shapes of elderly men's feet that are altered as a result of aging and shoe-wearing for a long time. The findings are as follows. 1. The investigations into the average and standard deviation of the measurements and index values for the elderly men's feet showed a large personal difference in the items of length and circumference. 2. The factors constituting the elderly men's feet were observed to be the size of foot width(Factor 1), the central angle of feet and the extension of toes(Factor 2), the size of ankle(Factor 3), the positions of lateral malleolus and pternion(Factor 4), and the position and size of medial malleolus(Factor 5). 3. The cluster analysis for the classification of elderly men's feet produced three types of them.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to test the clinical application of an intraoral scanner for serial evaluation of orthodontic tooth movement. The maxillary dentitions of eight patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were scanned using an intraoral scanner at the beginning of treatment (T0), and at 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), 3 months (T3), and 4 months (T4) after T0. The serial digital models were superimposed on the palatal surface as a reference area, and the linear and angular changes of the central incisors, canines, and first molars were evaluated. The intraclass correlation coefficient and method errors showed that this method was clinically acceptable. Various types of orthodontic tooth movements, including minute movements, could be observed every month. The intraoral scanner and digital superimposition technique enabled the serial evaluation of orthodontic tooth movement without taking serial impressions and/or acquiring radiographs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.74-76
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• 2019

A conservative treatment approach to temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is recommended as the first line of management, usually with a stabilization splint. Recently, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing and three-dimensional printer has been widely used in the dentistry since several years ago. The authors apply digital dentistry in oral medicine fields to make stabilization splint for TMD treatment.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of polyurethane (PUT) dental arch models fabricated using a three-dimensional (3D) subtractive rapid prototyping (RP) method with an intraoral scanning technique by comparing linear measurements obtained from PUT models and conventional plaster models. Methods: Ten plaster models were duplicated using a selected standard master model and conventional impression, and 10 PUT models were duplicated using the 3D subtractive RP technique with an oral scanner. Six linear measurements were evaluated in terms of x, y, and z-axes using a non-contact white light scanner. Accuracy was assessed using mean differences between two measurements, and precision was examined using four quantitative methods and the Bland-Altman graphical method. Repeatability was evaluated in terms of intra-examiner variability, and reproducibility was assessed in terms of interexaminer and inter-method variability. Results: The mean difference between plaster models and PUT models ranged from 0.07 mm to 0.33 mm. Relative measurement errors ranged from 2.2% to 7.6% and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.93 to 0.96, when comparing plaster models and PUT models. The Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement. Conclusions: The accuracy and precision of PUT dental models for evaluating the performance of oral scanner and subtractive RP technology was acceptable. Because of the recent improvements in block material and computerized numeric control milling machines, the subtractive RP method may be a good choice for dental arch models.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2014

3차원 구조광 스캐너를 이용하여 비파괴적, 비접촉적으로 식물 잎 면적을 측정하는 방법을 고안하고자 하였다. 3차원 구조광 스캐너를 이용하여 측정한 콩의 잎 면적은 엽면적 측정기로 측정한 잎 면적과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 콩의 V1~V4까지의 각 생장단계마다 3차원 스캔 이미지를 이용하여 측정한 잎 면적은 지상부를 수확한 후 측정한 생중량 분석 결과와 매우 높은 상관관계($R^2=0.98$)를 나타내었다. 가뭄 및 염분 스트레스 환경에서 3차원 스캐너를 이용하여 시간에 따른 콩의 생장의 변화를 비교한 결과, 대조구의 식물체 잎 면적은 시간이 경과될수록 증가한 반면 가뭄 및 염분처리구의 식물체 잎 면적은 처리 12일과 14일 후 각각 감소하여 처리구 간 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 3차원 스캐너를 이용하여 다양한 환경에서 식물체의 잎 면적과 생체량을 효과적으로 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.