• 제목/요약/키워드: 2-d]pyrimidine

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New Strategy for the Synthesis of 5-Aryl-1H,1'H-spiro[furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6,5'-pyrimidine]2,2',4,4',6'(3H,3'H,5H)-pentaones and Their Sulfur Analogues

  • Jalilzadeh, Mohammad;Pesyan, Nader Noroozi
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제32권9호
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    • pp.3382-3388
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    • 2011
  • Reaction of barbituric acid (BA), 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid (DMBA) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with cyanogen bromide and aldehydes in the presence of L-(+)-tartaric acid afforded a new route for the synthesis of stable heterocyclic 5-aryl-1H,1'H-spiro[furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6,5'-pyrimidine]2,2',4,4',6'(3H,3'H,5H)-pentaones which is a dimeric form of barbiturate (uracil and thiouracil derivative). In the reaction of 1,3-diethyl thiobarbituric acid (DETBA) the Knoevenagel condensation and then Michael adducts were obtained under the same condition. Structure elucidation is carried out by $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, FT-IR and Mass analyses. Mechanism of the formation is discussed.

마이크로파와 금속 촉매를 이용한 Pyrrolo[3,2-d]-pyrimidine 유도체의 다양화 (Diversification of 4,5-disubstituted Pyrrolo[3,2-d]-pyrimidines by Microwave Assisted Metal Catalyzed Reaction)

  • 변정섭;염을균;김영준
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제66권6호
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    • pp.442-450
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    • 2022
  • 생리학적 활성을 보일 것으로 기대되는 다양한 pyrrolopyrimidine 유도체를 O-arylation과 Suzuki 짝지움 반응을 통해 합성하였다. 금속 촉매 Cu를 사용하고 마이크로파 조사 조건에서O-arylation을 성공적으로 진행하여 pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine의 4번 위치에 phenol기를 도입할 수 있었다. 또한, 금속촉매 Pd를 사용하는 Suzuki짝지움 반응도 마이크로파를 사용하여 pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine의 4번 위치에 aryl 기를 도입할 수 있었다. 유도체의 다양화를 위한 반응 조건으로 마이크로파를 사용함으로써 긴 반응 시간과 열전달 효율성 문제를 가지고 있는 전통적인 열 반응의 단점을 획기적으로 극복할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 신약개발 연구에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대되는 pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine 유도체를 다양화하는데 사용할 수 있다.

프로테옴 분석에 의한 Bacillus subtilis PyrR 돌연변이체의 특성 (Characterization of a PyrR-deficient Mutant of Bacillus subtilis by a Proteomic Approach)

  • 설경조;조현수;김사열
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.9-19
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    • 2011
  • Bacillus subtilis의 pyrimidine biosynthetic (pyr) operon은 UMP의 de nove 생합성에 관여하는 enzyme들을 encode할 뿐만 아니라, 조절단백질인 PyrR도 encode한다. PyrR은 pyr mRNA-binding 조절 기능과 uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity를 동시에 가지는 bifunctional 단백질이다. 본 연구에서는 Proteomic analysis를 이용하여 Uracil - 환경에서 DB104${\Delta}$pyrR의 단백질 패턴을 분석하여 단백질 레벨에서 PyrR 단백질의 실질적인 조절 양상을 관찰하였다. 두 균주의 세포질 단백질은 다양한 발현의 차이를 보였으며, Silver 염색된 2D-gel의 pI 4~10 사이에서는 1,300여개의 단백질이 검출되었으며, 단백질 발현 차이를 보이는 172개의 spot 중에서 42개의 단백질이 identification 되었다. 그 결과 pyr operon의 단백질(PyrAa, PyrAb, PyrB, PyrC, PyrD, and PyrF)이 모두 Up regulation이 이루어지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이것은 단백질 레벨에서 Pyrimidine 생합성 과정이 PyrR에 의해서 정확히 Regulation 되어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Pyrimidine 생합성의 Up regulation과 Down regulation 상태의 단백질의 패턴 양상도 분석할 수 있게 되었다. Pyrimidine의 생합성 과정은 DNA를 구성하는 기본적인 구성 요소를 생산하는 과정으로서 여러가지 Metabolism 가운데 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 만약 Pyrimidine의 생합성 과정이 Over- expression된다면 다른 Metabolism의 균형에도 변화가 올 것이다. Proteomics Analysis에 이용한 DB104${\Delta}$pyrR 균주는 Pyrimidine 생합성의 조절에 관여하는 PyrR knock out 균주로서 Uracil - 환경에서는 전체적인 Pyrimidine 생합성 조절이 Up regulation이 되어지므로 Up regulation 동안 어떤 Metabolism에 영향을 주는지 관찰을 할 수 있게 되었다. 특히 Amino Acid Metabolism에 관계있는 단백질의 Up regulation이 이루어짐을 관찰할 수 있었으며 이것은 현재 각광을 받고 있는 단백질 산업에 응용함으로써 산업적으로 많은 기대를 할 수 있을 것으로 예상되어진다.

The Coordination Chemistry of DNA Nucleosides on Gold Nanoparticles as a Probe by SERS

  • Jang, Nak-Han
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제23권12호
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    • pp.1790-1800
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    • 2002
  • The DNA nucleosides(dA, dC, dG, dT)bound to gold nanoparticles (~13 nm) in aqueous solution has been studied as a probe by the SERS and their coordination structures have been proposed on the basis of them. According to UV-Visible absorption of gold nanoparticles after modifying with DNA nucleosides, the rates of absorption of dA, dC, and dG were much faster than that of dT as monitored by the aggregation kinetics at 700 nm. These data indicated that the nucleosides dA, dC, and dG had a higher affinity for the gold nanoparticles surface than nucleoside dT. As the result of SERS spectra, the binding modes of each of the nucleosides on gold nanoparticles have been assigned. A dA binds to gold nanoparticles via a N(7) nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring, which the C(6)-$NH_2$ group also participates in the coordination process. In the case of dC, it binds to the gold surface via a N(3) nitrogen atom of the pyrimidine ring with a partial contribution from the oxygen of C(2)=O group. A coordination of dG to the gold surfaces is also proposed. Although the dG has the two different nitrogens of a pyrimidine ring and the amino group, the N(1) nitrogen atom of a pyrimidine ring has a higher affinity after the hydrogen migrates to the amino group. Conversely, dT binds via the oxygen of the C(4)=O group of the pyrimidine ring. Accordingly, these data suggest that the nitrogen atom of the imidazole or the pyrimidine ring in the DNA nucleosides will bind more fast to the gold nanoparticles surfaces than the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group.

Genes Encoding Ribonucleoside Hydrolase 1 and 2 from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes

  • Lee, Jin-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Lee, Won-Sik;Park, Young-Hoon;Bang, Won-Gi
    • 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국미생물학회 2006년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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    • pp.105-107
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    • 2006
  • Two kinds of nucleoside hydrolases (NHs) encoded by rih1 and rih2 were cloned from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes using deoD- and gsk-defective Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis revealed that NH 1 was a protein of 337 aa with a deduced molecular mass of 35,892 Da, whereas NH 2 consisted of 308 aa with a calculated molecular mass of 32,310 Da. Experiments with crude extracts of IPTG-induced E. coli CGSC 6885(pTNU23) and 6885(pTNI12) indicated that the Rihl enzyme could catalyse the hydrolysis of uridine and cytidine and showed pyrimidine-specific ribonucleoside hydrolase activity. Rih2 was able to hydrolyse both purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides with the following order of activity-inosine>adenosine>uridine>guanosine>xanthosine>cytidine-and was classified in the non-specific NHs family. rih1 and rih2 deletion mutants displayed a decrease in cell growth on minimal medium supplemented with pyrimidine and purine/pyrimidine nucleosides, respectively, compared with the wild-type strain. Growth of each mutant was substantially complemented by introducing rih1 and rih2, respectively. Furthermore, disruption of both rih1 and rih2 led to the inability of the mutant to utilize purine and pyrimidine nucleosides as sole carbon source on minimal medium. These results indicated that rih1 and rih2 play major roles in the salvage pathways of nucleosides in this micro-organism.

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5-할로겐 치환 uracil 들의 4-Thiosugar Nucleosides의 합성 (제 1 보) (Synthesis of 1-(4'-Thio-${\alpha},{\beta}$-D-ribofuransyl)-5-halogeno Uracils (I))

  • 김정균;이억석;김창배;보벡크;윗슬러
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.130-133
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    • 1975
  • 와 5-iodo-pyrimidine nucleoside 의 4'-thio 유도체들은 2,3,5-tri-O-aceytl-4-thio-D-ribofuranosyl chloride 와 5-halogeno-2,4-bis(trimethylsiloxy)pyrimidine의 chloromercury 유도체를 축합시킨후 보호작용기를 제거함으로써 합성하였다. 4'-Thio 유도체들의 생물학적 활성도는 예비시험에서는 이에 대응하는 4'-oxygen 유도체들과 큰 차이가 나지 않지만 4'-thio유도체가 비교적 더높은 활성을 가진다는 사실은 흥미로운 일이며 앞으로 생화학적인 고찰을 계속하는 것은 가치있는 일임을 보여주고 있다.

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Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Polynucleotide Analogues Containing Pyrimidine Bases

  • 한만중;김기호;우경수;장지영;박영동
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.321-327
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    • 2000
  • Polynucleotide analogues containing pyrimidine (uracil and thynime) bases, $poly[(1'{\beta}-uracil-1-yl-2'.5'-dideoxy-D-glycero-pent-4'-enofuranose)-alt-(maleic$ acid)] (12) and $poly[(1'-{\beta}-thymin-1-yl-2'5'-dideoxy-D-glycero-pent-4'-enofuranose)-alt-(maleic$, acid)] (15), were synthesized by the altermating copolymerization of relevant nucleosied derivatives and maleic anhydride, and the subsequent hydrolysis. The polymers had quite similar structures to the natural polymes and were soluble in water, They showed high hypochromicities up to 49% and excimer fluorescence due to the base stacking, and polyelectrolyte behavior. Since the polymers had compact structrures, depyrimidinations, the release of pyrimidine bases from the polymer backbone, occurred in aqueous solutions with higher rates compared with those of the natural polymers.