• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1307-1313
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• 2024

This study investigates whether red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) bark extract (PBE) can alleviate diabetes and abnormal apoptosis signaling pathways in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Two dosages of PBE (15 and 30 mg/kg of body weight/day) were administered orally to STZ-induced diabetic SD rats for 20 days. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured once per week. After 20 days of oral administration of PBE, the rat hippocampus was collected, and the production of Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, tau, p-tau, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins were determined by western blot analysis. A decrease in blood glucose level and recovery of body weight were observed in PBE-treated diabetic rats. In the Akt/GSK-3β/tau signaling pathway, PBE inhibited diabetes-induced Akt inactivation, GSK-3β inactivation, and tau hyperphosphorylation. The protein production ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was restored to the control group level. These results suggest that PBE, rich in phenolic compounds, can be used as a functional food ingredient to ameliorate neuronal apoptosis in diabetes mellitus.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

Purpose - In recent, a research finds that advanced selling can influence a consumer's choice(Kim et al., 2013). Advanced selling is defined as the new product launching strategy which company allows consumers to preorder new product before its release(Chu & Zhang, 2011). Prior researches have focused on the benefits of advanced selling(e.g., information gathering for demand prediction, an advantage for pricing strategy, and so on) for companies using this strategy(Chen, 2001; Chu & Zhang, 2011; Li & Zhang, 2013; Tang et al., 2004; Xie & Shugan, 2009). However, Kim et al.(2013) find it can also influence a consumer's choice. In detail, they suggest that when consumers use advanced selling, they are likely to prefer high-performance options rather than low-price options based on construal level theory(Trope & Liberman, 2003). In this paper, we tried to expand the prior researches for finding the mechanism of the influence of advanced selling on a consumer's choice. The purpose of this research is to test the mediating effect on the influence of advanced selling. Research design, data, and methodology - To find the mechanism of the influence of advanced selling, we designed an experiment for testing mediation effect. we recruited 93 students from a university. We assigned participants into one of two groups using randomization method. The participants with each group were given a scenario describing the sales strategy. Finally, they made a choice between high-performance option and low-price option. Sequentially, they also responded some questions for testing mediation effect. Results - First, we replicated prior research to test the influence of advanced selling. As a result, we could find that consumers prefer the high-performance option when they preorder it to purchase at the time of consumption. Thus, the replication result is the same as prior research. Second, we tested that advanced selling can influence the perception of temporal distance. The results confirmed that consumers perceived longer temporal distance in advanced selling condition(β = 1.575, SE = 0.272, p < 0.001). Third, we predicted that temporal distance can increase the importance of desirable attributes and decrease the importance of feasible attributes. The results suggested that temporal distance decreased significantly the importance of attributes related to feasibility(β = -0.19, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01), however, it had non-significant effect on increasing the importance of desirable attributes. Finally, we used Sobel-test for testing mediation effect, and it confirmed that the importance of feasible attributes had mediating role of the influence of advanced selling(Sobel test statistic = -2.110, SE = 0.111, p < 0.05). Conclusions - In this paper, we tried to find the mechanism of the influence on advanced selling from a consumer's choice. With an experiment, we confirmed that the importance of feasible attributes could mediate the effect on advanced selling. Therefore, we suggested some theoretical and practical contributions from this research. Finally, we discussed research limitations and suggested future research topics.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of tissue inhibitor of matalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), Activin A and Heparin binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) on in vitro production of bovine embryos. In experiment 1, presumptive zygotes were cultured in the medium supplemented with TIMP-1 ($0.5{\mu}g/ml$), Activin A (100 ng/ml), or HB-EGF (100 ng/ml) at $39^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% (v/v) $CO_2$, 5% (v/v) $O_2$ and 90% (v/v) $N_2$. In experiment 2, TIMP-1 + HB-EGF or Activin A + HB-EGF combinations were supplemented in the culture medium. The developmental rate to blastocysts, hatching rate and total cell numbers of the blastocysts were evaluated in both experiments. The embryos cultured in medium without growth factor supplementation was used as control group. In experiment 1, the embryos cultured in medium supplemented with TIMP-1 and Activin A showed significantly higher developmental rate to blastocysts than those cultured with HB-EGF and control (36.9%, 34.1%, 21.2% and 23.1%, respectively) (P<0.0001). However, the hatching rate of blastocyst was significantly higher in embryos with HB-EGF than those with TIMP-1, Actvin A and Control groups (84.4%, 58.8%, 51.4% and 49.3%, respectively) (P<0.001). Total cell number per blastocyst was also significantly higher in embryos with HB-EGF group ($174.3{\pm}2.5$) than those with TIMP-1, Activin A (149.7 and 150.0, respectively) (P<0.05) and Control (119.0) (P<0.001). In experiment 2, embryos cultured with combined treatment of Activin A and HB-EGF resulted in significantly higher rates of blastocysts formation (48.0%), hatching rate (89.7%) and total cell number in blastocyst ($182.3{\pm}2.1$) than those with TIMP-1 and HB-EGF combination group (32.0%, P<0.001; 76.6%, P<0.05; $165.7{\pm}4.2$, P<0.001, respectively). Our data demonstrate that in vitro production of bovine embryos could be improved by combined supplementation of Activin A and HB-EGF in culture medium.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.371-388
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• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase(DXAMase) from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22) has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependentadherent microbial film and DXAMase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi DXAMase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine the adjunctive oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 DXAMase)-containing mouthwash when used alongside normal tooth-brushing. This 6-month clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, subjects were scored for plaque accumulation(Turesky modification of Quingley-Hein's plaque index), gingivitis status($L\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice daily after toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 month of experiment. During 6 months' period, the Dextranase mouthwash group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation, compared to the Chlorhexidine mouthwash and placebo groups. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 6 months of experiment. The Experimental group(Dextranase mouthwash) also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the Positive control(Chlorhexidine mouthwash)as well as the Negative control(placebo)groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the Positive control group, compared to the baseline score and the Negative controlgroup since 3 months of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 6 months in the Experimental group, still less severe than the Positive control group. As for the oral side effect, the Experimental group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the Positive control group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase provided adjunctive benefits to toothbrushing, comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, with long-term use of the mouthwash. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 만성요통을 가진 여성노인의 체형 및 요부안정화를 위해 12주간 필라테스 운동 프로그램을 적용한 후 체형에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 통증의 변화를 규명함으로써 노화를 늦추고 신체활동 영역을 높일 수 있는 노인에게 적합한 운동 프로그램 개발에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이에 3~5cm 중증도 통증범위의 만성요통을 가진 16명여성노인을 대상으로 주관적 통증척도지를 통해 실험집단 8명, 통제집단 8명을 단순무선표집(Simple Random Sampling)으로 선정하였다. 요부안정화 필라테스 운동 프로그램은 주 2회씩 총 12주간 50~60분간 실시하였으며, 1세트 종료 시 1분 휴식을 주는 방식으로 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 체형 및 통증에서는 경추 기울기에서 요부안정화 운동그룹의 경우 운동 전에 비해 감소하였으나 통제집단은 증가하였다. 둘째, 요부 통증의 결과 운동집단의 경우 운동에 비해 감소하였으나 통제집단은 증가하였다. 결론적으로 요부안정화 필라테스 운동은 만성요통을 가진 여성노인에게 있어서 통증을 감소시킬 수 있는 프로그램으로 적용될 수 있으며, 체형을 개선시키는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.748-754
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• 2018

Objective: The preference evaluation of cattle is an important factor for estimation and improvement of the grazing amounts of newly introduced or bred grasses or cultivars in barn. This study was performed to assess the grazing behavior (the amount of grazing and/or the grazing speed) of cattle as indirect method using newly bred Brachiaria ruziziensis tetraploid strain 'OKI-1'(BR) hay as treatment group and Cloris gayana 'Callide' (CG) hay as control group. It also compared the feasibility of using behavioral differences between two groups as one criteria for evaluating preference by Japanese black cattle in barn. Methods: Three experiments were carried out using 12 growing Japanese Black cattle including 6 males and 6 females. In each experiment, the four Japanese Black cattle (2 males and 2 females) were placed in separated stall and allowed to graze BR and CG in manger that was separated into two portions for about 30 min. The position and behavior of the cattle were recorded, and weighed the residual of each gay at 15 and 30 minutes after experiment start. Results: The BR was superior to CG in chemical composition such as protein, fibers and non-fibrous carbohydrate. The cattle, over all, tended to prefer BR over CG in the first half 15 minutes in terms of the time spent and amount of grazing. Additionally, growing cattle exhibited neophilia for BR bred newly. Conclusion: These findings indicated the current approach could be applied for one of criteria to evaluate the preference of hay by Japanese black cattle under indoor housing environment.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to compare the differences of isometric lumber extension strength and subjective pain degrees between obesity patients group and normal body fat group in disc surgical operated patients. The research purposed to indicate how isometric lumbar extension exercise for 12 weeks affected to lumbar strength and visual analogue scale of patients suffered by chronic back pain. The subjects were 65 low back pain patients(male 30, female 35)who had disease on lumbar in W hospital. The lumbar extension strength was measured at seven degrees of angles, which were $0^{\circ}$ $12^{\circ}$ $24^{\circ}$ $36^{\circ}$ $48^{\circ}$ $60^{\circ}$ and $72^{\circ}$ before and after the exercise program. We got the results of subjective pain degree using the modified visual analogue scale(VAS) of Lawlis et al(1989) and measured the maximal isometric lumbar strength of all subjects using MedX lumbar extension machine. Results were as follows; After the exercise, the lumbar extension strength of normal body fat patients groups included males and female were greater than that of the obesity patients groups in all angles(p<.05). The visual analogue scale of chronic back pain patients was decreased significantly after the exercise(p<.05). The results showed the significance between the lumbar extension strength and the visual analogue scale of chronic back pain patients and showed that the isometric lumbar extension exercise decreased the subjective pain degrees of visual analogue scale with and increased lumbar extension strength. The correlation between the visual analogue scale and the %body fat of chronic back pain patients was no significant after exercise. Therefore, the lumbar extension strength exercise is needed for improvement of back strength, decrease of %body fat.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 1999

This study aimed to find out Oyo-Tang's effects on allergic asthma using the Egg-White Implant(EWI) method model recommended by Siqueira et al. Oyo-Tang has widely been prescribed and used in Oriental Medicine for controlling and curing of cough, nasal obstruction, pharyngeal pain and hoarseness. Previous studies have demonstrated that Oyo-Tang has analgesic, sedative, anticonvulsive, antitussive and antihistamine effects. But it was uncertain whether Oyo-Tang could inhibit the allergic reactions, to alleviate the symptoms of allergic asthma. With such aim. the respiratory patterns and eosinophil infiltration in the tracheal mucosa of rats with experimentally induced allergic asthma (using EWI method) were mainly observed. The results are as follows: 1. Oyo-Tang decreased the number of poor respiration with respect to control group (P<0.05) 2. Oyo-Tang decreased the number of eosinophils infiltrated in tracheal mucosa with respect control group (P<0.05). The above results demonstrate that Oyo-Tang has the inhibitory effects on the process allergic asthma and suggest that it could be used in relieving patients of the symptoms caused allergic asthma.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of red glasswort (RG) (Salicornia herbacea L.) curing on the physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of cooked pork loin ham (M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum). Methods: All treatments were cured with different salt and RG powder levels. RG0 treatment was prepared with only 4% NaCl (w/w) as a control, and RG25, 3% NaCl:1% RG (w/w); RG50, 2% NaCl:2% RG (w/w); RG75, 1% NaCl:3% RG (w/w); RG100, 0% NaCl:4% RG (w/w) treatments were prepared sequentially. All samples were individually vacuum packaged in polyethylene bags and stored for 7 d at 3℃±1℃. Results: The results showed that as the rate of RG substitution increased, pH value, redness, myofibrillar protein solubility, and myofibrillar fragmentation index increased (p<0.05), but salt concentration and shear force decreased (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in cooking loss and moisture content. In terms of sensory evaluation, RG100 exhibited higher scores in tenderness and juiciness than RG0 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The partial substitution of NaCl by RG could improve the physicochemical properties, textural and sensory characteristics of cooked pork loin. Therefore, it is suggested that RG as a natural salt replacer could be an effective ingredient for developing low-sodium cured hams.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.446-450
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• 2008

비밀 매칭(Private Matching)은 각기 다른 두 참여자가 가진 데이타의 교집합을 구하는 문제이다. 이때 각 참여자는 교집합은 공유하되 그 이상의 정보는 감춰지기를 원한다. 2004년 Freedman 등[1]은 한 참여자만 비밀 매칭을 얻는 방법을 제안하였다. 경쟁관계의 회사와 같이 프로토콜 참여자가 동시에 Private Matching을 얻고자 하는 경우에는 Kissner와 Song[2]이 제안한 다자간의 교집합 계산 방법을 고려할 수 있다. 우리는 Kissner와 Song의 다항식 덧셈에 의한 교집합 계산 방법에 상당히 신뢰할 수 있는 제3자(Semi-Trusted Third Party)를 도입하여, 보다 효율적으로 비밀 매칭을 구할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 한편, STTP의 저장능력을 활용할 경우 프로토콜을 다시 시작하지 않고도 비밀 매칭을 업데이트 할 수 있는 방법 또한 제공한다.