• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.611-616
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• 2013

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Although much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ALD, there remains no effective therapy for it. Accumulated evidence indicates that oxidative stress is the main pathological factors in the development of ALD. Ethanol administration causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. ROS, in turn, cause lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes, and protein and DNA oxidation, which results in hepatocyte injury. In addition to pro-oxidants formation, antioxidants depletion caused by ethanol administration also results in oxidative stress. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Shiryung-tang extract on the chronic alcoholic liver injury induced by EtOH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. All rats were maintained under standard laboratory conditions ($23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 12h light/12h dark cycles). All animals (n=30) were randomly divided into following groups: (1) Normal group, treated with distilled water (n=10); (2) Control group, treated with ethanol (n=10); (3) Sample group, treated with ethanol + pharmacopuncture (n=10). For oral administration of ethanol in Control and Sample group, the ethanol was dissolved in distilled water in concentrations of 25%(v/v). Throughout the experiment of 8 week, the rats were allowed free access to water and standard chow. Sample group were administrated by Shiryung-tang extract daily for 8 weeks. Control group were given normal saline for same weeks. As a results, the oral administration of ethanol for 8 weeks leads to hepatotoxicity. The levels of hepatic marker such as HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were altered. The ethanol also increased lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities as well as hepatic tissue injury. However, the treatment of Shiryung-tang extract prevented all the alterations induced by ethanol and returned their levels to near normal. These data suggest that Shiryung-tang extract could have a beneficial effect in inhibiting the oxidative damage induced by chronic ethanol administration. Therefore, Shiryung-tang extract can be a candidate to protect against EtOH-induced liver injury.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.291-295
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a butanol (BuOH) fraction from an extract of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) needles, on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in the liver membranes of rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups over a 45 days study period: the control group on a basic diet, and three experimental groups on three different dietary levels of the butanol fraction, specifically 25 mg (BuOH-25), 50 mg (BuOH-50), and 100 mg (BuOH-100) butanol fraction/kg body weight/day, thereby 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% of butanol extract of pine needles was added to basil diet respectively. At the end of the experimental period, body weights and food intakes were not different among the four groups. The results showed that cholesterol accumulation in the mitochondria and microsomes of liver cells was significantly inhibited in the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups: by 11.6% and 20.1% in the mitochondria of the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups, respectively; and by 10.5%, and 13.5% in the microsomes of the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups, respectively, compared with the control group. The levels of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) were significantly) lower in the liver mitochondria of the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups (by 13.3% and 18.5%, respectively), while OH radicals were significantly lower in the microsomes or all three experimental groups (by 15.7% in the BuOH-25 group, 20.0% in the BuOH-50 group, and 20.6% in the BuOH-100group), compared with the control group. Superoxide radical (O$_2$) formation was also significantly inhibited in the liver cytosol of both BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups; the levels of these radicals were 8.0% lower for the BuOH-50 group and 11.1% lower for the BuOH-100 group, compared to the control group. Copper/Zinc - superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activities were significantly increased (by 10.3% and 15.9%, respectively) in the liver cytosols of the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups, but Mn-SOD activities were almost identical in the three RuOH groups, compared with the control group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were significantly increased in the three experimental groups (by 9.0% in the BuOH-25 group, 19.4% in the BuOH-50 group, and by 25.6% in the BuOH-100 group), compared with the control group. These results suggest that the butanol extract of pine needles may play an effective role in attenuating oxygen radicals and activating scavenger enzymes; consequently, aging may be very effectively modulated and/or inhibited.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 1991

This work was carried out to determined the effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP) on in vivo nitrate reductase activity in the root of 6 day old rye (Secale cereale L.) seedlings. The nitrate reductase activity in the roots of 6 day old rye seedlings pretreated with 0.5 mM DNP was higher than that of the control group in all the experimental conditions. The optimal concentration of KNO3 for maximum nitrate reductase activity was 10 mM in both control and treated group. The nitrate reductase activity in the treatment of 10 mM KNO3 gradually increased for 4 h in both groups, and then maintained constantly. The nitrate reductase activity occurred per hour was highest at 1 h in both groups, while it was declined by large degrees as time goes on. The daily pattern of nitrate reductase activity was gradually decreased in both groups with the passage of day. The optimal pH for this experiment and a previous paper (Kwon et al., 1991), it was determined that the nitrate reductase activity in both roots and shoots of rye seedlings was increased by the treatment of 0.5 mM DNP, and particulary in both groups, the nitrate reductase activity in the roots of rye seedlings was higher than that in shoots of them.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 1990

Ultrasonically guided oocyte collection gradually replaces laparoscope in many IVF center. In present study, we compare the efficacy of both methods in our IVF program. Totally 377 cycles which were undertaken in vitro fertilization treatment were divided into 2 groups. Ultrasonically guided transvaginal follicular aspiration was performed in 188 cycles and laparoscopic follicular aspiration was performed in 189 cycles under local anesthesisa. The mean age for both groups was similar. Follicular recruitment was achieved with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or a com bination of clomiphene citrate and hMG or a combination of FSH and hMG. In the ultrasonically guided aspiration group, 1821 follicles were aspirated with 61.8% of recovery rate (1125 oocytes), 81.5% of embryo transfer rate (145 cycles) and (17%), 26 cases intrauterine pregnancies were estabilished. In the laparoscopic group, 604 follicles were aspirated with 68.7% recovery rate (445 oocytes) and a 79.9% ET rate (127 cycles), 11 cases (8.7%) intrauterine pregnancies were estabilished. A valid comparison of these data is not possible because the 2 groups are dissimilar for factors known to influence oocyte development and recovery. No statistically significant differences could be demonstrated between 2 groups in all but the recovery rate and clinical pregnancy rate, In ultrasound group, the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher than that of laparoscope group. The potentially detrimental effect of CO2 pnemoperitonium present during laparoscope but not in ultrasound guided recovery on ova quality may underlie the observed difference in the clinical pregnancy rate between the 2 groups. Ultrasound guided aspiration seems to be as effective as laparoscopy in terms of oocyte retrieval and conception rate. Furthermore, the procedure is simple and inexpensive, it may replace laparoscopy as a method for oocyte collection in most patients who undergo IVF.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

Objects : Apoptosis leads to the death of a cell. The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, a process regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins, plays a key role in various biological processes. The tuber of Liriope platyphylla Wang et TANG (Liliaceae), also known as Liriopis tuber, is famous in Oriental medicine owing to its tonic, antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic properties. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of the Liriopis tuber on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Method : A cytotoxic test on Liriopis Tuber water extract was conducted and another MTT assay was conducted to observe the cytoprotective effect against 4-HNE 25 ${\mu}M$ that causes oxidative stress in PC-12 cells for 24 hours. In addition, in order to observe the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein involved with apoptosis, western blot was conducted. Results : The LT water extract had no toxicity for PC-12 cell. In the cytoprotective effect against 4-HNE, both of the group treated with 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of LT water extract showed a significant increase in comparison with the control group. In Bax protein expression, all the experimental groups treated with LT water extract showed a decrease in comparison with the control group but had no significance. In Bcl-2 protein expression, all the experimental groups treated with LT water extract showed a significant increase in comparison with the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that LT is effective in reducing apoptosis.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.417-421
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• 2007

A successful rapid synthesis of dendritic benzyl chlorides from dendritic benzyl alcohols using methanesulfonyl chloride/$Et_3N$ as activating agents was described. In this method, each dendritic benzyl chloride can be prepared in one pot: no isolation of intermediate mesylated dendrons is required. The key steps in the syntheses of dendritic benzyl chlorides were the mesylation of the hydroxymethyl group followed by the chlorination by in-situ generated triethylammonium chloride.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2021

Galaxy/Halo finding based on the friends-of-friend (FoF) algorithm has been widely adopted for its simplicity and expandability to the phase-space. However, cosmological simulations have been progressively bigger in size and more accurate in resolutions, resulting in that galaxy/halo finding gets computationally expensive more and more. In fact, we confirm this issue through our exercise of applying the 6-dimensional (6D) FoF galaxy finder code, VELOCIraptor (Elahi et al.2019) on the NewHorizon simulation (Dubois et al. 2021), in which typical galaxies with about 1e11 M_sun (10⁷ particles) are identified with very low speed (longer than a day). We have applied several improvements to the original VELOCIraptor code that solve the low-performance problem of galaxy finding on a simulation with high resolutions. Our modifications find the exact same FoF group and can be readily applied to any tree-based FoF code, achieving a 2700 (12) times speedup in the 3D (6D) FoF search compared to the original execution. We applied the updated version of VELOCIraptor on the entire NewHorizon simulation (834 snapshots) and identified its galaxies and halos. We present several quick comparisons of galaxy properties with those with GALAXYMaker data.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-103
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• 2009

The hepatocyte nuclear factor-$4{\alpha}$ (HNF-$4{\alpha}$), transcription factor involved in the regulation of serum lipid and glucose levels, has recently been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the genotype for the rs1884614 of HNF-$4{\alpha}$ gene in Korean population and compared genotype of patients with control group. 100 patients (Male 63, Female 37), who previously underwent type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 100 controls (Male 36, Female 64) participated in this study. According to our present study there was no association between rs1884614 polymorphism in HNF-$4{\alpha}$ gene and T2DM in Koreans although other reports showed that HNF-$4{\alpha}$ polymorphisms might be associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM in Pima Indians et al. We assume that this finding should contribute to understanding of type 2 diabetes in Korean population in detail at genetic level.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 1997

A series of MgO-SiO2 catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation from the mixed solution of magnesium chloride and sodium silicate. Some of the sample were modified with 1 N H2SO4 and used as modified catalysts. The addition of MgO to SiO2 caused the increase of acidity and the shift of O-H and Si-O stretching bands of the silanol group to a lower frequency in proportion to the MgO content. The acid structure of MgO-SiO2 agreed with that proposed by Tanabe et al.. Catalytic activity for 2-propanol dehydration increased in relation to the increase of acidity and band shift to a lower frequency.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.155-165
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was to examine the effect of Intradermal Acupuncture therapy at Kyeonjeong, Cheonryo and Kokji on the shoulder pain. The research was conducted with non equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Methods :　IThe subjects were the women who was suffering for shoulder pain, who are employed at two hospitals in Busan, from April to June, 2006. The 24 women were experimental group who were applied to Intradermal Acupuncture Therapy at Kyeonjeong, Cheonryo and Kokji, while the 20 women were control group who weren't applied to any treatments. The severity of shoulder pain and the extent of the subjective symptoms of shoulder pain were pre-measured. The Intradermal Acupuncture therapy was done a total of 4 times, 2 times a week over 2 weeks and from 11 a.ｍ. to 2 p.m. as an experimental treatment. As a post survey, the severity of shoulder pain, the frequency of shoulder pain and the extent of the subjective symptoms of shoulder pain were measured after one week and two weeks of experimental treatment. Research tools are Visual Analogue Scale by Cline et al. for measuring the severity of shoulder pain and the tool developed by Japan's industrial fatigue research committee of the industrial hygienics society and modified. Results : There was a significant difference(F=4.132, p=0.019) for the severity of shoulder pain on the interaction between time and group. There was a significant difference(F=11.193, p=0.000) for the extent of the subjective symptoms of shoulder pain on the interaction between time and. group. Conclusion : Based on the above results, it can be determined that Intradermal Acupuncture Therapy at Kyeonjeong, Cheonryo and Kokji can be used as the effective treatments for reducing of shoulder pam.