• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.483-491
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• 2009

In vitro produced porcine embryos have potential application in reproductive biotechnology. However, their development potential has been very low. This study evaluated the in vitro developmental ability and quality of cloned and parthenogenetic porcine embryos having 2-4 cells or 5-8 cells on Day 2 of in vitro culture. Analysis of results showed that 2 to 4 cell embryos had higher ability to form blastocysts than 5 to 8 cell embryos (p<0.05). Blastocysts produced from culture of 2 to 4 cell embryos also contained higher cell numbers and had lower BAX:BCLxL transcript ratio than those produced from 5 to 8 cell embryos (p<0.05), thereby suggesting 2 to 4 cell embryos have higher development potential. Further investigation revealed that 5 to 8 cell embryos had higher incidence (100${\pm}$0.0%) of blastomeric fragmentation than 2 to 4 cell embryos (15.2${\pm}$5.5% for parthenogenetic and 27.7${\pm}$7.1% for cloned embryos). This suggests that low development potential of 5 to 8 cell embryos was associated with blastomeric fragmentation. In conclusion, we have shown that morphological selection of embryos based on cell number on Day 2 of in vitro culture could offer a practical and valuable non-invasive means to select good quality porcine embryos.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

본 연구는 OPU 유래 한우 수정란을 이식한 대리모의 품종이 임신 기간과 산자의 생시 체중에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 6~7일차 OPU 유래 한우 체외수정란을 한우와 젖소 대리모에 이식하여 산자를 생산하였다. 1. 대리모에 따른 평균 임신 기간(젖소: $284.4{\pm}9.8$일, 한우: $280.9{\pm}6.2$일)과 산자의 생시 체중(젖소: $27.70{\pm}7.92\;kg$, 한우: $23.56{\pm}3.75\;kg$)에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 2. 임신 기간은 수송아지를 생산한 대리모(한우: $283.8{\pm}6.7$일, 젖소: $287.3{\pm}8.9$일)가 암송아지(한우: $277.3{\pm}3.3$일, 젖소: $280.1{\pm}9.9$일)를 임신한 대리모보다 유의적으로 길었다(p<0.05). 단태에서도 수송아지를 분만한 대리모의 임신 기간이 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 3. 산자의 성별에 따른 생시 체중은 암송아지(한우 대리모: $21.5{\pm}3.8\;kg$, 젖소 대리모: $21.5{\pm}6.1\;kg$)보다 수송아지(한우 대리모: $25.2{\pm}3.1\;kg$, 젖소 대리모: $32.3{\pm}6.0\;kg$)가 무거웠으며, 수송아지의 경우 품종간 유의적 차이를 보였다. 단태에서도 수송아지가 유의 하 게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과, OPU 유래 수정란을 이식한 대리모의 임신 기간은 대리모의 품종에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 분만된 산자의 성별에 따라 유의적인 차이기 있었다. 산자의 생시 제중은 수송아지가 유의적으로 높은 생시 체중을 보였고 임신 기간도 수송아지를 분만했을 때 유의적으로 길었다. 수송아지의 경우 품종간의 차이를 보였는데, 이러한 결과는 수정란이식에 의해 생산되는 송아지의 생시 체중과 대리모의 임신 기간은 태아의 품종보다 대리모의 품종이 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 젖소 대리모가 한우 대리모보다 번식 적령기의 체중이 무거우므로 대리모의 품종이 산자의 생시 체중에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2010

목 적: 본 연구는 체외수정술 후 배양 3일째 2개의 난할단계 배아 (D3ET)와 배양 5일째 2개의 포배기단계 배아(D5ET)를 이식했을 때 각각의 임신예후를 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 연구방법: 2007년 1월부터 2009년 6월까지 강남차병원 여성의학연구소에서 체외수정술 후 D3ET을 시행한 90명의 환자를 나이와 체외수정 주기의 특성을 고려하여 D5ET군 90명과 비교한 후향적 환자군-대조군 연구를 시행하였으며, 두 군 모두 2개씩의 양질의 배아를 이식하였다. 각각의 임신율, 착상률, 다태임신율을 비교하였다. 결 과: 환자의 특성, 체외수정주기 및 배아의 특징은 두 군 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 임신예후를 비교했을 때, D3ET군과 D5ET군 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다: 착상률 (39.4% vs. 32.8%), 임신율 (57.8% vs. 46.7%), 임상적임신율 (53.3% vs. 45.6%), 진행임신율 (50.0% vs. 42.2%), 유산율 (13.5% vs. 9.5%). 두 군 모두 높은 다태임신율을 보여주었다 (37.5% vs. 34.1%). 결 론: 체외수정술 후 배양 5일째 포배기단계 배아이식이 배양 3일째 난할단계 이식보다 더 좋은 임신예후를 보여주지 못한다. 또한 나이가 젊고, 양질의 배아를 가진 좋은 예후를 예측할 수 있는 여성에서는 다태임신율을 줄이기 위해 단일배아이식을 고려해야 한다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

본 실험은 한우 400두를 공시하여 사양조건에 따른 blood urea nitrogen(BUN)의 농도가 암소의 번식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 또한 body condition score(BCS)가 번식효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1 화본과 식물이 주종인 초지에서 방목을 하였을 때 BUN의 평균농도는 7.39$\pm$2.65 mg/㎗ 이었으며 발정이 육안적으로 확인된 암소의 58.2%가 4∼8 mg/㎗ 사이에 분포하였으며 수태율도 높은 경향을 보였다. 2.사사기 농후사료를 급여하였을 때 BUN의 평균 농도는 12.36$\pm$2.92 mg/㎗이었으며 8∼14 mg/㎗사이에서 높은 수태율을 보였다. 3. BCS가 2.5∼3.5사이에 있을 때 분만 후 발정재귀가 가장 빠르게 나타났으며 수태율도 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 4. 방목기, 사사기에서 BUN과 BCS상호간의 다소의 차이는 있었으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 사양조건에 따라 적정 BUN및 BCS의 수준을 유지할 때 번식의 효율을 증대시킬 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2001

본 연구는 돼지 난포란의 체외성숙에 적합한 배양액을 조사하고, 아울러 산소농도가 돼지 난포란을 이용한 체외수정란의 생산에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. NCSU-23과 TCM-199 배양액에 10% PFF를 첨가하여 5% 및 20% 산소조건하에서 체외성숙을 유기한 결과, 배양액 및 산소조건에 따른 난핵붕괴률 및 핵성숙률에는 유의적 (P>0.05)인 차이가 없었다. 2. NCSU-23이 TCM-199 배양액보다 다정자침입률 및 평균정자침입률에 있어서 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 나타냈고 (P>0.05), 5% 및 20% 산소농도에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 3. 체외수정을 실시한 후, 5% 및 20% 산소조건하에서 NCSU-23 배양액에서 배양하여 배발달에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 배달달 2일째 배반포형성에 있어서는 NCSU-23 처리구가 TCM-199 처리구에 비해서 유의적 (P<0.05)으로 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 또한, 처리구별 배반포기의 총세포수를 조사한 결과 5% 및 20% 산소농도 사이에는 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서, 효과적으로 돼지 난포란을 이용하여 체외발달을 유기하기 위한 체외성숙조건은 20% 산소조건하의 NCSU-23 배양액이 적합한 것으로 사료된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the pregnancy rate (PR) according to the state of the ovaries and uterus, according to the number of embryos transferred from cows and heifers and to investigate the method of artificial twin induction with Hanwoo in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos by embryo transfer (ET). Looking at the PR according to the condition of the ovaries and uterus, the result was not influenced by the condition of the ovaries, but was significantly influenced by the state of the uterus. The PR according to the number of embryos transferred from cows was 36.8%, 53.0%, 50.5% for 1, 2, and 3 embryos, respectively and although there was a higher frequency of twin calves with 3 embryos than 2, the calving rate was the highest with 2 embryos. In case of heifers, the transfer of 1 embryo showed the best pregnancy and calving rate, and although the PR was similar with 2 embryos (67.7 versus 66.4), in case of 2 embryos transferred there was high frequency of embryonic loss (6.1%) occurred when a cow was diagnosed at 28 and 53 d after ET, total loss (21.3%); sum of fetal death, abortion and stillbirth after pregnant diagnosis at 60 day.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2014

Klotho (KL) is a single transmembrane protein composed of KL1 and KL2 repeats possessing ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity and maintains calcium homeostasis in physiological state. It has been implicated in pigs that calcium is important for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and our previous study has shown that transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6), a calcium ion transporter, is predominantly expressed in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy in pigs. However, expression and function of KL in the uterine endometrium has not been determined in pigs. Thus, the present study determined expression and regulation of KL in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of KL mRNA decreased between Days 12 to 15 of the estrous cycle, and its expression showed a biphasic manner during pregnancy. KL mRNA was expressed in conceptuses and in chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. Explant culture study showed that expression levels of KL were not affected by treatment of steroid hormones or interleukin-1beta during the implantation period. Furthermore, levels of KL mRNA in the uterine endometrium from gilts carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos were significantly lower than those from gilts carrying natural mating-derived embryos on Day 12 of pregnancy. These results exhibited that KL was expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface in a pregnancy status- and stage-specific manner, and its expression was affected by SCNT procedure, suggesting that KL may play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2008

The techniques for the collection, cooling and freezing of semen and artificial insemination of horses are not fully understood in Korea. We investigated the percentages of total motile (TM) and progressively motile (PM) sperms after the collection, cooling and freezing of stallion semen. The average volume of semen was 167 ml in Thoroughbred and 68 ml in Arab. The average numbers of spermatozoa in Thoroughbred and Arab were $104\times10^6/ml$ and $86\times10^6/ml$ respectively. The average percentages of TM and PM were 82.3% and 88.6% in Thoroughbred, and 61.4% and 82.6% in Arab, respectively. The average percentage of TM at 4 hr after cooling at $5^{\circ}C$ was significantly lower than that at 0 hr ($30.0\pm4.1%\;vs.\;78.0\pm2.5%,\;p<0.05$), but the percentage of PM was similar between 66.5 and 73.2% at 0, 1, and 4hr. The average percentage of frozen-thawed Thoroughbred semen frozen in MFR5 extender was 56.2%, which was significantly higher than that of the semen frozen in LE extender (average 32.9%, p<0.05). The percentage of TM in Arab was similar for semen frozen in MFR5 extender and LE extender (18.2% and 21.2%, respectively), but the percentage of PM was significantly higher in sperm frozen in MFR5 extender than in sperm frozen in LE extender (69.0% vs. 36.4%, p<0.05). Four mares were artificially inseminated by Thoroughbred frozen-thawed semen and one of them fertilized at 11 day after artificial insemination. In this study, the collection, cooling and freezing of equine semen were possible under domestic conditions.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2012

The purpose of this experiment is to compare the pregnancy rate (PR) according to the state of the ovaries and uterus, according to the number of embryos transferred from cows and heifers and to investigate the method of artificial twin induction with Hanwoo $in$ $vitro$ fertilized (IVF) embryos by embryo transfer (ET). Looking at the PR according to the condition of the ovaries and uterus, the result was not influenced by the condition of the ovaries, but was significantly influenced by the state of the uterus. The PR according to the number of embryos transferred from cows was 36.8%, 53.0%, 50.5% for 1, 2, and 3 embryos respectively, and although there was a higher frequency of twin calves with 3 embryos than with 2, the calving rate was the highest with 2 embryos. In case of heifers, the transfer of 1 embryo showed the best pregnancy and calving rate, and although the PR was similar with 2 embryos (67.7 versus 66.4), in case of 2 embryos transferred there was high frequency of embryonic loss( 6.1%) occurred when a cow was diagnosed at 28 and 53 d after ET, total loss (21.3%; sum of fetal death, abortion and stillbirth after pregnant diagnosis at 60 day).

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2019

Sexed sperm can contribute to increase the profitability of the cow industry through the production of offspring of the craved sex, such as males for meat or females for dairy production. Therefore, the utilization of sexed sperms plays a very important role in the production of offspring of superior cattle. In this study, we examined the pregnancy rates and calves sexing proportion of male and female calves produced using AI, both performed using sexed and conventional sperm. In the result, the conception rates after ET were 73.3% (33/45) sexed semen and 52% (55/104) conventional semen. Thus, the sex ratio for sexed-semen inseminations was 70% (21/30) females for singleton births within a 272 to 292 day gestation interval. The sex ratio for conventional semen was 61% (34/56) females for births. As a result, it is suggested that the use of sex classification sperm will play a very important role in the offspring production of Korean bovine.