Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
/
v.11
no.4
/
pp.174-184
/
2009
Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the major hydrologic processes in terrestrial ecosystems. A reliable estimation of spatially representavtive ET is necessary for deriving regional water budget, primary productivity of vegetation, and feedbacks of land surface to regional climate. Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides an opportunity to monitor ET for wide area at daily time scale. In this study, we applied a MODIS-based ET algorithm and tested its reliability for nine flux tower sites in East Asia. This is a stand-alone MODIS algorithm based on the Penman-Monteith equation and uses input data derived from MODIS. Instantaneous ET was estimated and scaled up to daily ET. For six flux sites, the MODIS-derived instantaneous ET showed a good agreement with the measured data ($r^2=0.38$ to 0.73, ME = -44 to $+31W\;m^{-2}$, RMSE =48 to $111W\;m^{-2}$). However, for the other three sites, a poor agreement was observed. The predictability of MODIS ET was improved when the up-scaled daily ET was used ($r^2\;=\;0.48$ to 0.89, ME = -0.7 to $-0.6\;mm\;day^{-1}$, $RMSE=\;0.5{\sim}1.1\;mm\;day^{-1}$). Errors in the canopy conductance were identified as a primary factor of uncertainty in MODIS-derived ET and hence, a more reliable estimation of canopy conductance is necessary to increase the accuracy of MODIS ET.
Panax ginseng leaf tea was developed for the functional benefit of health, preference and convenience. The leaves of 4-year-old ginseng were selected in July and August. The ginseng leaf was treated by three methods : heat processed tea(HPT), aged tea(AGT) and hot-air dried tea(DRT). The contents and compositions of their crude saponin of ginseng leaves were measured. 1. The content of crude saponin of HPT was the higher than other treatments. The content of HPT was 18.72∼18.82%, ACT 18.24∼18.29% and DRT 17.02∼17.17%. 2. The harvest time and treatment methods were not affect the composition of ginsenoside in ginseng leaf tea. The ginsenoside-Re was shown the highest value as 1.97∼2.15. And ginsenoside-Rd was 1.48∼1.79, -Rg$_1$ 1.33∼1.58 and -Rb, -Rb$_2$, -Rc in the order. 3. The content of protopanaxadiol(PD) and protopanaxatriol(PT) was shown that DRT was 1.11∼1.13, HPT 1.09~l.12 and AGT 0.92∼1.02. The content of PD and PT were shown similar result at any harvest time. 4. The contents of crude saponin extracted by hot-water at 5 min was the higher ratios in HPT and harvested in July than other treatments. The content of crude saponin of ginseng leaf harvested in July was 15.88% and HPT was 16.88%. The order of contents of ginsenoside were -Re, -Rd, -Rg$_1$, -Rb$_1$, -Rb$_2$, and - Rc. The extraction ratio of crude saponin extracted by the circulated extraction method in 8 hours and 5 min extraction were 81.74∼84.38%. And HPT of ginseng leaf harvested in July was the highest value 84.3% but the extraction ratio of ginsenoside was 78.00~88.13%. But the extraction ratio of ginsenoside was similar trend in all treatments.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of taste components in the boiled beef brisket soup stock and shank soup stock by varying pretreatment, boiling temperature and time. Free amino acids and nucleotides color and sensory evaluation in each samples were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The amount of free amino acids in the brisket soup stock pretreated by soaking and blanching showed a tendency to increase in proportion to boiling time. The amount of glutamic acid in the brisket soup stock was much in order of soaking > blanching > roasting pretreatment. While the amount of glutamic acid in the boiled soup stock samples pretreated by soaking and blanching was much more at low temperature than at high temperature, the glutamic acid contents in the boiled soup stock pretreated by roasting were large at high temperature. The amount of glutamic acid in pretreated by soaked soup stock showed the highest and recorded 8.73 mg% at 6 hour-low temperature-boiling. 2. The amount of free amino acids in the shank soup stock did not show any regular tendency and had few changes in quantity by the methods of pretreatment. Each amount of glutamic acid in the shank soup stock pretreated by soaking and blanching was the highest, when boiled for 3 hours at high temperature. The samples pretreated by roasting showed the highest record 2.49 mg%, when boiled for 6 hours at high temperature, but could not recognize any regular tendency in the case of boiling at low temperature. 3. The amount of nucleotides in the brisket soup stock generally showed increase in proportion to boiling time. The amount of 5'-IMP extracted from the brisket soup stock was much in order of blanching > soaking > roaking pretreatment, but few differences between blanching and soaking soup stock samples. The amount of 5'-IMP extracted from soup stock samples pretreated by soaking and blanching was high at low-boiling and by roasting at high-boiling. Each amount of 5'-IMP extracted from soup stocks pretreated by soaking(BSL) and blanching(BBL) was the highest at 6 hour-low-boiling(37.06 mg%), and 5 hours(38.37 mg%) respectively. The amount of 5'in the soup stock pretreated by roasting(BRH) showed the highest records at 6 hour-high-boiling(10.85 mg%). 4. The amount of 5'-IMP extracted from the shank soup stock preteated by soaking and blanching showed a tendency to decrease after 3 hours boiling irrelative of boiling temperature. The amount of 5'in the shank soup stock was much in order of soaking > blanching > roasting pretreatment and showed high at the boiling of high temperature. In the sample pretreated by roasting it showed the highst records when boiled for 6 hours at high temperature(1.55 mg%). 5. The L Value of the brisket soup stock pretreared by roasting at high temperature(BRH) was the lowest and the b value of it was the highest of all the brisket samples boiled for 6 hours. No differences were found in the Value of L, a, and b in shank soup stock by the methods of pretreatment and boiling temperature. 6. The sensory scores in color and flavor of the brisket soup stock showd that BRH was higher than the other samples, and the preference in taste and overall was the highest in BSH while it was the lowest in BRH. The preference in the all sensory characteristics of SSH was higher than any other shank soup stock, but did not show any significant difference statistically.
Kim, Sun-Gon;Park, Chung-Heon;Choi, Dong-Geun;Hwang, Chang-Ju;Chin, Seong-Kye
Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
/
v.2
no.3
/
pp.198-204
/
1994
This study was carried out to investigate the auxin(IAA, IBA, NAA) treatment and the effect of shading rate in Asarum sieboldii. The results obtained were summerized as follows: By the soaking treatment of auxins to the cutted rhizome enhanced root growth and plant weight. By the increment of shading rate, plant growth was much better compare to the control. Leaf fallen times appeared about 20 days more earlier at plain area then the alpain area. Root yield was much higher by the treatment of shading then the conventional cultivation so it seem to be the useful for large scale cultivations of A. sieboldii.
This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of root diameter and length on yield in Rehmannja glutionosa on experimental fields of Chungbuk Provincial Rural Development Administration. Emergance date was faster Sand 10 days with root diameter 3mm and 9mm than that of root diameter 6mm. Emergance ratio was high in the order of 6mm >7mm > 9mm with root diameter, and bolting ratio was increased in the order of 9mm > 6mm > 3mm with root diameter. Leaf length had no differences betwere root diameter and length, and leaf width had same tendency. Content of inorganic matter such as T - N, $P_2O_5,\;K_2O,\; C_aO,\;M_gO$ was high measuring date was delayed, and higher in root than leaf. Sugar content was higher in November than in October and had no differences with root diameter, but was more decreased as the root length was longer. Yield was increased 9 % with root diameter 9mm. Comparing with root length, yield was higer 5% with 6cm than that of 1, 172kg/10a with 3cm, and decreased 25% with 9cm. And the profitable root was considered root diameter 8mm and root length 6cm.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.37
no.10
/
pp.1312-1317
/
2008
Physicochemical changes were investigated for the shelf-life extension of cultured wild-ginseng roots during storage with various pre-treatments with blanching, CAMICA-SD and DF-100 and treatments with citric acid and vitamin C. The pH of cultured wild-ginseng roots showed the range of $6.06{\sim}6.42$ at $10^{\circ}C$, but showed higher ranges of $6.08{\sim}6.91$ and $6.08{\sim}8.68$ at 20 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Browning index (a/b) was increased with increasing storage temperature, and the index at 10 and $30^{\circ}C$ were 0.405 and 0.469 after 2 weeks, respectively. Browning index and viable cell number of CAMICA-SD pre-treatment showed little changes compared to pre-teatment with blanching or DF-100. When the cultured wild-ginseng roots were treated with 1.0% citric acid and 0.2% DF-100 after pre-treatments with CAMICA-SD, viable cell number was slightly increased to $4.9{\times}10^2CFU/g$ for 3 weeks storage at $10^{\circ}C$. The mixture of citric acid and DF-100 was also used to prevent the growth of microbiology and to reduce browning reaction, especially enzymatic browning reaction. The mixture might effectively extend shelf life of the cultured wild-ginseng roots.
Park Gi-Ho;Shin Hang-Sik;Park Min-Ho;Hong Seung-Mo;Ko Seok-Oh
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
/
v.10
no.4
/
pp.45-53
/
2005
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of changes in soil temperature on biodegradation rate of diesel compounds from a field pilot test using hot air injection process. Total remediation time was estimated from in-situ biodegradation rate and temperature for optimum biodegradation. All tests were conducted by measuring in-situ respiration rates every about 10 days on highly contaminated area where an accidental diesel release occurred. The applied remediation methods were hot air injection/extraction process to volatilize and extract diesel compounds followed by a bioremediation process to degrade residual diesels in soils. Oxygen consumption rate varied from 2.2 to 46.3%/day in the range of 26 to $60^{\circ}C$, and maximum $O_2$ consumption rate was observed at $32.0^{\circ}C$. Zero-order biodegradation rate estimated on the basis of oxygen consumption rates varied from 6.5 to 21.3 mg/kg-day, and the maximum biodegradation rate was observed at $32^{\circ}C$ as well. In other temperature range, the values were in the decreasing trend. The first-order kinetic constants (k) estimated from in-situ respiration rates measured periodically were 0.0027, 0.0013, and $0.0006d^{-1}$ at 32.8, 41.1, and $52.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The estimated remediation time was from 2 to 9 years, provided that final TPH concentration in soils was set to 870 mg/kg.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.36
no.11
/
pp.1391-1398
/
2007
We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine whether Laminaria japonica extract (LJE) supplement modulates blood glucose, serum lipids and antioxidant systems in type II diabetic patients. We also measured critical parameters assessing safety in liver and kidney functions after LJE supplement. A total of 37 patients (18 males and 19 females) were randomized to either LJE group or placebo group. The treatment group received four 350 mg of LJE capsules (1.4 g, total) per day for 12 weeks. The placebo group received the same dose of cellulose capsules. Baseline characteristics regarding general life style and dietary intake pattern were similar between the two groups. There were no significant influences of LJE supplement except for waist circumference on anthropometric parameters. As the whole, 12 weeks of LJE supplement resulted in a little decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), but a significant decrease was not observed. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in LJE group. The antioxidant enzymes, glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were elevated in the LJE group (p<0.05) compared to the placebo. The increase of these enzymes was associated significantly with the decrease of MDA concentration (p<0.05). Furthermore, LJE supplement showed no adverse effects on the functions of liver and kidney. Findings from this study suggest that LJE supplement can help improve serum lipid status in type II diabetic subjects without adverse effects.
An estuary is semi-inclosed inlets, located between terrestrial and marine environment. Since many estuaries along south-western coasts of Korean peninsula were affected by human settlements and activities, significant changes in sedimentation environments have been observed. The research area is divided into three distinct morpho-stratigraphic units: fluvial dominated area(Area1), mixed area(Area 2), tide-dominated area(Area3). The landform of this area has been changed by reclamation and river channel change. Temporal variations affected by dam construction, periodic freshet was iterrupted. Sediments began to continuously accmulate on estuary banks by tide. Meanwhile, because of the continuous but reduced discharge of fresh water, the salinity of estuarine sediments was declined. That processes made vegetated area(
Phregmites lonivalvis and Suaeda japonica) to be expanded. It indicates that the magnitude and frequency of geomorphic processes has been significantly changed.
LEE Sang-Min;LEE Jong Yun;KANG Yong Jin;YOON Ho-Dong;HUR Sung Bum
Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
/
v.26
no.5
/
pp.477-492
/
1993
In order to investigate the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3HUFA) requirement of the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli, two experiments were conducted in the flush-out aquarium system. 1. Effects of different dietary fatty acids on growth and feed efficiency Efficacy of different fatty acids on the Korean rockfish was investigated by feeding diets containing each of the different fatty acids, 12:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, and n-3HUFA for 9 weeks. The best growth and feed efficiency were obtained from the fish fed diet containing n-3HUFA (P<0.05). 2. n-3HUFA requirement Requirement of dietary n-3HUFA for the Korean rockfish (5.9 g in mean body weight) was investigated with the test diets containing different levels of n-3HUFA ranging from $0\%$ to $4.0\%$ at $8\%$ dietary lipid level. After 6 weeks of feeding experiment, fish performance and fatty acid composition of liver were studied. Growth was significantly improved with increasing dietary n-3HUFA level up to the $0.9\%$ in the diet (P<0.05). Higher values of lipid content, 18:1/n-3HUFA ratio of polar lipid of liver and hepatosomatic index were observed in the fish fed n-3HUFA deficient diets. The groups of fish fed lower levels of dietary n-3HUFA showed higher 18:1 and love. n-3HUFA (EPA+DHA) levels in polar lipid of the liver. The data obtained in these experiments indicated that dietary n-3HUFA was essential for the Korean rockfish, and required level of n-3HUFA was around $0.9\%$ in diet.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.