• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1192-1195
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• 1997

A divergent approach to 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diols has been studied with 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (D-AB1), a potent glycosidase inhibitor. D-AB1 was efficiently synthesized from 2,3-epoxyalcohol 6a in overall 11% yield.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2004

We present a simple approach to finding the stationary workload of M/G/1 queues having generalized vacations and exhaustive service discipline. The approach is based on the level crossing technique. According to the approach, all that we need is the workload at the beginning of a busy period. An example system to which we apply the approach is the M/G/1 queue with both multiple vacations and D-policy.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2013

This study utilizes a S-O-R model to investigate the effects of apparel product presentations using a 3D avatar model in Internet fashion malls for pleasure(emotional state) and approach behavior. We chose a 3D avatar model to present a fashion product in this study. The model walked for about one minute on stage; subsequently, respondents completed a questionnaire after they viewed it. The questionnaire consists of telepresence, pleasure and approach behavior. Respondents are limited to females 20s and 30s years old who have purchased fashion products in an Internet mall and are highly interested in fashion products. A total of 226 samples were used for the final analysis. Cronbach's alpha, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized in this study. The results are as follows. First, telepresence has a significant influence on pleasure; subsequently, pleasure influenced consumer approach behavior. Second, telepresence positively influenced the approach behavior (directly and indirectly). This verified the effectiveness of a 3D avatar model using S-O-R. A 3D avatar model can be a strategic alternative in the fiercely competitive Internet shopping sector.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2004

This paper presents a new approach to create 3D visualization from discrete simulation results. This approach connects discrete event simulation directly to 3D animation with its novel methods that analyze and convert discrete simulation results into animation events to trigger 3D animation. In addition, it constructs a 3D animation framework for the visualization of discrete simulation results. This framework supports the reuse of both the existing 3D animation objects and behavior components, and allows the rapid development of new 3D animation objects by users with no special knowledge in computer graphics. This approach has been implemented with the software component technology. As an application in virtual manufacturing, visualizations of an electronics assembly factory are also provided in the paper to demonstrate the performance of this new approach.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.303-319
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• 2010

The effect of grain crushing on the deformation of sand in 1D compression and 1D creep at high stresses was investigated theoretically and experimentally. An approach was proposed to formulate the process of grain crushing in sand in accordance with the laws of fracture mechanics and energy conservation. With this approach, the relation between the void ratio and the amount of grains crushed in 1D compression was derived. Laboratory test data were used to verify this derived relation. In addition, it was observed that there are similarities in evolution of grain size distribution in 1D compression and 1D creep tests. This implies that the changes in microstructure in sand under 1D compression and 1D creep are comparable.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose variations in the kernel size of 1D convolutional layers for single-frame supervised temporal action localization. Building upon the existing method, which utilizes two 1D convolutional layers with kernel sizes of 3 and 1, we introduce an approach that adjusts the kernel sizes of each 1D convolutional layer. To validate the efficiency of our proposed approach, we conducted comparative experiments using the THUMOS'14 dataset. Additionally, we use overall video classification accuracy, mAP (mean Average Precision), and Average mAP as performance metrics for evaluation. According to the experimental results, our proposed approach demonstrates higher accuracy in terms of mAP and Average mAP compared to the existing method. The method with variations in kernel size of 7 and 1 further demonstrates an 8.0% improvement in overall video classification accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

In this study, two standard specifications such as GML (Geography Markup Language) from OGC (Open Geo-spatial Consortium, Inc.) and X3D (extensible 3D) from Web3D consortium were dealt with for a web-based 3D urban application without using commercialized tools. In the first step of this study, DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and 3D GIS data sets were converted to GML structure with attribute schema. Then, these GML elements were projected onto a common coordinate system, and they were converted to the X3D format for visualization on web browser. In this work, a 3D urban data model, as a simple framework model, is extended to a framework model having further detailed information, depending upon application levels. Conclusively, this study is to demonstrate for practical uses of GML and X3D in 3D urban application and this approach can be applied to other application domains regarding system integrators and data sharing communities on distributed environments.

• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2012

Owing to the advent of ubiquitous computing technologies, the concept of Intelligent Environments has emerged, as an alternative approach to overcome the limitation of the built environment. Intelligent Environments can be more responsive to user-and context-specific human activities by automatically and dynamically modifying their settings without explicit human intervention. However, the conventional approach to the development of Intelligent Environments has mainly focused on the technical issues without paying much attention to the dynamic interrelationship between the user and the built environment. Therefore, differing or conflicting needs of multiple simultaneous users remain unresolved. The objective of this study is to present types of environmental conflicts and their resolution through agent collaboration and negotiation. For the demonstration and validation of the conflict resolution process, a set of hypothetical test cases is simulated in a 3D test environment. The result of the case simulations shows that the proposed approach is computationally feasible and applicable to the development of Intelligent Environments, and, furthermore, it can overcome the drawback of the conventional approach.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.35-53
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• 1994

Orthographic views ore traditionally used for engineering drawings. This paper presents a methodology for 3D parametric design using orthographic views. The parametric design technique, which is used to design 2D orthographic views, is based on production rules. In the production rule-base, several view interrelation rules and over 50 geometric rules are included. An efficient algorithm is also developed to expedite the reasoning process. For 3D object construction from orthographic views, the approach known as bottom-up geometrical approach is used. The approach consists of 4 steps : 1) generation of wire-frame, 2) construction of face from wire frame, 3) formation of 3D subobjects from faces, and 4) construction of final 3D objects. Curvilinear solids as well as planar solids can be constructed. A method of converting existing 2D CAD data to parametric 3D CAD data is also presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.3
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• pp.28-38
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• 1998

In our paper is reported a new 3D(dimensional) trajectory split approach with greatly improved efficiency for the Monte Carlo simulation of the 3D profiles of implanted ionand point defect concentrations in single-crystal silicon. This approach has been successfully implemented in our TRICSI Monte Carlo code. Combined with the previously developed model for damage accumalation in our TRICSI code, this model allows phasically based dynamic simulation of 3D profiles over an subsequent process simulation such as diffusion modeling and simulation. A typical time saving of over 10 timeshas been achieved for 3D simulation. Our method ensures much better region aground the implanted area. For 1-D simulation, the optimized condition for trajectory split has set to 3,000 pseudoparticles with 2 split branches.