• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2007

The efficient synthesis of a tetrasaccharide, the suitably protected form of the repeat unit, →2)-α-D-Manp-(1→2)-β-D-Manp-(1→3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, of the O-antigen polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from E. coli O77 has been accomplished. Glycosylation reactions for the coupling of four monosaccharide building blocks of the tetrasaccharide were carried out employing the CB glycoside method, the mannosyl 4-pentenoate/PhSeOTf method, and the glycosyl trichloroacetimidate method with complete stereoselectivities in excellent yields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.881-891
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• 2021

This study proposes a simple drape measurement method for the 3D virtualization of garments. The proposed method uses angles or disks of different diameters to evaluate the drape properties easily. We divided 710 fabrics into ten groups based on the drape coefficient, of which 49.6% had drape coefficients of 30 or less. The drape properties were measured to classify the groups into smaller clusters using the angle formed when the center of the fabric was fixed. Accordingly, three clusters were formed for 60° and 100° angles. A method was devised using ten disks of different diameters to classify the remaining two clusters, except the cluster containing only the D10 group (D1-D5 and D5-D9). Three criteria-grade match, a sum of deviation, and standardization of deviation-were used for the classifications. The discriminative ability between groups was high for D1-D5 with disks with 24.0 and 25.5 cm diameters. Furthermore, a disk with a diameter of 16.5 cm was effective for D5-D9. The three-dimensional drape shapes were unique for the ten groups, which can be utilized as fundamental data for 3D virtualization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2020

In order to design a diesel engine system and predict its performance, it is necessary to analyze the gas flow of the intake and exhaust system. A gas flow analysis in three-dimensional (3D) format needs a high-resolution workstation and enormous time for analysis. Therefore, the method of characteristics (MOC) was used for a gas flow analysis with a fast calculation time and a low-resolution workstation. An experiment was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine to measure pressure in cylinder, intake pipe and exhaust pipe. The one-dimensional (1D) gas flow was analyzed under the same conditions as the experiment. The engine speed, valve timing and compression ratio were the same conditions and the intake pressure was inputted as the experimental results. Bent pipe such as an exhaust port that cannot be realized in 1D was omitted. As results of validation, the cylinder pressure showed accuracy, but the exhaust pipe pressure exhibited inaccuracy. This is considered as an error caused by the failure to implement a bent pipe such as an exhaust port. When analyzed in 3D, calculation time required 61 hours more based on a model of this study. In the future, we intend to implement a bent pipe that cannot be realized in 1D using 3D and prepare a method to supplement reliability by using 1D-3D coupling.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2015

The topic of this paper is the advanced absolute altitude determination for 3-D positioning using barometric altimeter and the reference station. Barometric altimeter does not provide absolute altitude because atmosphere pressure always varies over the time and geographical location. Also, since Global Navigation Satellites system such as GPS, GLONASS has geometric error, the altitude information is not available. It is the reason why we suggested the new method to improve the altitude accuracy. This paper shows 3-D positioning algorithm using absolute altitude determination method and evaluates the algorithm by real field tests. We used an accurate altitude from RTK system in Seoul as a reference data and acquired the differential value of pressure data between a reference station and a mobile station equipped in low cost barometric altimeter. In addition, the performance and advantage of the proposed method was evaluated by 3-D experiment analysis of PNS and CNS. We expect that the proposed method can expand 2-D positioning system 3-D position determination system simply and this 3-D position determination technique can be very useful for the workers in the field of fire-fighting and construction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.84-90
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• 2009

In this paper, the new channel estimation was proposed that have the low complexity and high performance using Fuzzy inference method uses recently from various field for estimation about uncertainty in channel estimation of OFDM. Proposed method is channel estimation performance improve, calculation and interpolation for statistics character of channel using the pilot before LS channel estimation by Fuzzy inference method. Simulation result in QPSK proposed channel estimation method shows the enhancement of 5.5dB compared to the LS channel estimation and the deterioration of 1.3dB compared to the MMSE channel estimation in mean square error point $10^{-3}$. symbol error rate shows similarity performance the MMSE $10^{-1.96}$, proposed channel estimation $10^{-1.93}$ and enhancement of $10^{-0.35}$ compared to the LS channel estimation in signal to noise ratio point 20dB.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.118.1-118.1
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• 2003

SS cream and its revised formula, CJ-4001 is topical Chinese herbal drugs for premature ejaculation. To evaluate the genotoxic potentials of these drugs, micronucleus test using Acridine orange (AO) staining method was performed. Acridine orange (AO) staining is adopted in OECD guideline 474 and widely used in micronucleus test. In dose range finding study, no mouse was dead at 2000 mg/kg using single treatment subcutaneously. Therefore, 3 dose levels were chosen at 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.113-119
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• 2021

In this study, impurity free V^3.5+ electrolytes were prepared using formic acid as a reducing agent and PtD/C as a catalyst and it was applied to VRFB. The well-oriented 3D dendrite structure of the PtD/C catalyst showed high catalytic activity in formic acid oxidation reaction and vanadium reduction reaction. As a result, the conversion ratio of electrolyte using the PtD/C was 2.73 mol g^-1 h^-1, which was higher than that of 1.67 mol g^-1 h^-1 of Pt/C prepared by the polyol method. In addition, in the VRFB charging and discharging experiment, the V^3.5+ electrolyte produced by the catalytic reaction showed the same performance as the standard V^3.5+ electrolyte prepared by the electrolytic method, thus proving that it can be used as an electrolyte for VRFB.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.3B
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• pp.541-548
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• 2000

In the MPEG-4 standardization phase, many methods for coding the irregular shaped VOP (video object Plane) have been researched. Texture coding is one of interesting research items in the MPEG-4. There are the Low pass extrapolation (LPE) padding, the shape adaptive DCT (SA-DCT), and the Extension-Interpolation (EI)/2D-DCT proposed in [1] as texture coding methods. the EI/2D-DCT is the method extending and interpolating luminance values from and Arbitrarily Shaped (AS) image segment into an 8 x 8 block and transforming the extended and interpolated luminance values by the 8x8 DCT. although the EI/2D-DCT and the SA-DCT work well in coding the As image segments. they are degraded since they use one-dimensional (1-D) methods such as the 1D-EI and the 1D-DCT in the two-dimensional (2-D) space. in this paper, we analyze the performance of the EI/2D-DCTand propose a new non-symmetric sig-sag scanning method, which non-symmetrically scans the quantized coefficients in the DCT domain to improve the EI/2D-DCT.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-62
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• 2023

Damage monitoring is a prerequisite step to ensure the safety and performance of concrete structures. Smart aggregate (SA) technique has been proven for its advantage to detect early-stage internal cracks in concrete. In this study, a 1-D CNN-based method is developed for autonomously classifying the damage feature in a concrete anchorage zone using the raw impedance signatures of the embedded SA sensor. Firstly, an overview of the developed method is presented. The fundamental theory of the SA technique is outlined. Also, a 1-D CNN classification model using the impedance signals is constructed. Secondly, the experiment on the SA-embedded concrete anchorage zone is carried out, and the impedance signals of the SA sensor are recorded under different applied force levels. Finally, the feasibility of the developed 1-D CNN model is examined to classify concrete damage features via noise-contaminated signals. The results show that the developed method can accurately classify the damaged features in the concrete anchorage zone.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 1987

This work concerns with a comparison of the 1-dimensional (or 1-D) load follow analysis method with reference to the detailed 3-dimensional (or 3-D) computations. For this purpose a 1-D two-group finite difference code, HLOFO, and a 3-D coarse-mesh code based on the modified Borresen's method, CMSNAC, are developed. The CMSNAC code is used to obtain the 3-D power peaks and reactivity parameters in response to power swing from 100 to 50 and back to 100% in the 12-3-6-3 load cycle for the BOL of the KORI Unit 1 PWR core. The 3-D result is then compared with the 1-D HLOFO computations, the cross section and buckling inputs of which are obtained by combining the flux-volume weighting scheme with the approximate flux from the auxiliary 3-D computations. It is shown that the 1-D computation has a limited accuracy, yet it is confirmed that it can describe the core axial average behavior which is fairly consistent with the detailed 3-D computation.