• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is recognized as a byproduct of industrialization that took place in the 20th century. The great attention to IAQ has been gained since 1980s, and led to numerous research studies that have mainly made in the developed countries. As the development of residential environment in Korea enters in the process of qualitative growth, IAQ has viewed as one of the core issues in the society, and research in relation to IAQ has been implemented until now in the fields of engineering and medical science. It is widely known that the sources and effects of indoor air pollution have been various, and IAQ research with multidisciplinary approaches is required. Nevertheless, few research embedded into a socio-behavioral approach to identifying interventive measures of residents and analyzing their choices is made. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of an interactive measure of residents in apartments that is air purification with phytoncide available in the market, and to investigate their self-reported effects of the air purifying substance on sick building syndrome symptoms. This study utilizes a field experiment design with pre-test and post-test, and the experiment is conducted in a natural field setting. A total of 87 test subjects from 32 households with already sick building syndrome are drawn via internet, and the participation is solely voluntary. The participants receive and use the air purifying substance, and are asked to use it continuously for two weeks and identify their self-reported symptoms of before- and after-use. The research findings indicate that air purification using phytoncide is effective to alleviate their symptoms in relation to sick building syndrome. Also it is noted that the participants report that the use of the air purification causes the positive impacts on their daily life. Further research is needed that compares the group with only humidifier and evaluates the mid-term and long-term use of the air purification and its effects.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.28-39
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics and the differences regarding the teaching & learning objectives of Environment textbooks for middle school students with the consideration of the 7th Korean National Curriculum. For this the teaching & teaming objectives of three Environment textbooks currently used categorized according to the domain frame of environmental education in the Report of UNESCO(1980). three Environment textbooks and their teacher's guide books are those printed by three companies(A, B, and C) and Joongahng co.. The five objective categories recommended by UNESCO are awareness, knowledge, attitude, skills and participation and six types of skills by National Curriculum Council of England are communication skills, numeracy skills, study skills, problem-solving skills, personal and social skills and information technology skills. It is showed that'Human and Environment'domain is emphasized roughly in the awareness and the knowledge section without any statement of the participation section, 'Environmental Problems and its Counter-plan'domain in the knowledge and the skills section, 'Environmental Conservation'domain in the skills and the participation section of objectives. It is revealed that the skills section of the teaching 8t learning objectives is mainly involved in 'Environmental Problems and its Counter-plan'domain and'Environmental Conservation' domain. According to the result of the analysis of the connectivity between the Environment Curriculum of the 7th Korean National Curriculum and the Environment textbooks regarding objectives stated in the sub-domain level, it says those are generally appropriate ones. But some objectives are emphasized weakly or not at all in several sub-domains such as'The living environment to keep','The environmental problems of the earth','Making environment pleasant'. It is proposed that the efforts to state objectives in the Environment textbooks evenly are needed to be paid (or the well-balanced teaching & teaming of the Environment subject.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.294-298
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• 2008

Snow cover is a potential water resource for later spring and summer seasons as well as a thermal mirror with high reflectivity causing decreases of surface air temperature during cold winter seasons. In this study, current and future changes in Northern Hemisphere snow extent and their potential linkages with atmospheric circulation are examined. The NOAA AVHRR visible snow extent (1967-2006) data as well as observational (NCEP-DOE 1979-2006) and modeled (GFDL 2.1 2081-2100) pressure and surface air temperature data are used. Analyses of observational data demonstrate that the snow extent in meteorological spring (March to April) and summer (June to August) has significantly decreased since the late 1980s. The offset of snow seasons (the timing of snow melt in spring) have also significantly advanced particularly in Europe, East Asia, and northwestern North America. Analyses of pressure fields reveal that the spatial patterns of the earlier snow melt are associated with changes in atmospheric circulation such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO). In the positive winter AO years, multiple positive pressure departure cores in the upper troposphere (200hPa) are observed over the mid-latitude regions from March to mid-April, while a negative pressure departure core (70hPa) prevails over the Arctic Ocean. The reversed anomaly patterns related to later snow melt occur in negative winter AO years. The comparison between current and future thermal spring onsets suggest that snow melt patterns will intensify with larger greenhouse gas emissions, indicating earlier hydrological spring onset.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1980

The greenhouse hulk curing and drying system utilizing the direct solar energy was tested to see how much fuel could be saved for curing flue-cured tobacco at the Daegu Experiment Station, Korea Tobacco Research Institute (North latitute: 35$^{\circ}$49'), in 1979. The structure consists of transparent fiberglass exterior, polyurethan boards covered with galvanized iron as the heat absorbers and insulation boards, air duct in which the air is introduced to the furnace room of bulk curing barn, and gravel heat storage system. All exterior surface of heat absorbers, air duct, and gravels were coated with black paint. The air temperature and total radiation were 20.5 to 35.5$^{\circ}C$ and 1004.2 to 1436.2 cal/$\textrm{cm}^2$ during the 3 replicated curing tests, respectively. The greenhouse bulk curing and drying system was able to cut fuel consumption by 25 percent compared with the conventional bulk curing barn. The maximum temperatures for the top absorber and the inlet air of the system were 89$^{\circ}C$ and 64$^{\circ}C$, respectively, and the average temperature of inlet air was higher than that of conventional one by 18$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.319-331
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of and trends in studies of job satisfaction among Korean nurses as selected from master theses whose research had covered studies from the period $1972{\sim}1997$. These studies were analyzed for publication date, research design, theoretical framework, research questions, and research hypotheses, subjects, sampling methods, measurement tools, statistical analyses, job satisfaction-related variables, and suggestions for further research. The findings of the analysis were as follows: 1) The number of studies on the subjects of job satisfaction has increased enormously since the 1980s. 2) In research design, 73.8% of the studies involved correlation research. 3) Conceptual frameworks, research questions, and hypotheses were not involved in 88.8%, 76.3%, and 68.% of the studies respectively. 4) With respect to subjects, 53.7% involved head nurses, charge nurses, and staff nurses. 5) As sampling methodology, questionnaires were employed in all the studies. 6) Measurement instruments developed by Slavitts et al.(1978) and Stamps et al.(1978) were used in 27 studies and 24 studies, respectively. 7) For the statistical analysis, ANOVA(30.7%), t-test(23.7%), and correlation(23.7%) were used. 8) The number of job satisfaction-related variables were eight items and 36 sub-concepts. 37.5%(30 studies) employed applied variables related to organizational characteristics. 9) 93.7% of the studies made suggestions for further research. On the basis of the above findings, the following recommendations were made: 1) Qualitative research should be performed to identify variables related to job satisfaction. 2) Research on developing interventions is needed to elevate job satisfaction. 3) Development of measurement tools is needed to evaluate the job satisfaction of Korean nurses. 4) Correlation studies are needed to identify the relationship between job satisfaction of nurses and outcomes to patients.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1982

A special law on health care for rural areas was enacted, as of Dec. 31, 1980, in order to provide effective health care service in rural areas through the primary health care approach. The implementation of the PHC developed the CHP(Community Health Practitioner) and provided the training program lasted 24 weeks. The qualification of CHP is a registered nurses or midwivies. This study was conducted in order to analyze the characteristics of trainees of CHP and training environments. The data was collected from personal questionnaire by means of mailing. Respondent was 338 out of 356 trainees. The summary of the findings are as follows : 1) The 38.0% out of trainees is 25-29 years of age (minimum : 20, maximum 55, mean : 30.3). 2) The 59.0% of respondent come from county area and the 52.5% are married. 3) The 61.0% didn't receive any in-service education. 4) In their experience related to health care service, the 29.8% of them experienced during 4 year 6 year and the 50.8% of the holders in experience was engaged in clinical field. 5) As to motivation of application of CHP, the 55.1% respond to "Independently workable" and the 35.1% respond to "Worthwhile". 6) The 45.1% got any information sources on CHP from Newsletter of KNA. 7) The 46.8% of respondent showed that instructor had utilized both teaching materials and reference book. 8) During the training, the 49.4% stayed at own house but the 35.0% stayed with lodgings and flat. 9) The 52.8% of trainees comment on very short of living allowance. 10) The 19.3% of respondent is willing to serve as CHP for ten years or more, but the 42.1% respond to serve for obligation namely 2 years. This study result could be utilized as a basic data for improving the CHP training program and management of the CHP's field activity in the future.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1982

Clonorchiasis sinensis is one of the most important endemic diseases in Korea, and this disease has been known to be one of public health concern in many areas of Korea. This survey was undertaken to evaluate the status of clonorchiasis in Yeoju Gun, Gyeong-gi Do from July to September 1980. A total of 1,194 male students were examined by intradermal test with Clonorchis antigen. In order to detect Clonorchis egg, the stool examinations were undertaken to 1,158 students, and the intensity of the Clonorchis infection was estimated by the Stoll's egg count. The prevalence rate was reanalyzed by the regional groups for an investigation of regional characteristics of infection. The following results were obtained in this survey. 1) Among 1,194 students in Yeoju Eup, positive rate of intradermal test with C. sinensis antigen was 17.2 percent. (middle school14.6% and high school 20.1%). 2) In the examination of 1,158 stool specimens, Clonorchis eggs were found in 97 (8.4%) cases. 3) Mean E.P.G. of Clonorchis infected case was $1,330{\pm}2,620$. 4) The degree of the intensity of Clonorchis infection by E.P.G. count was distributed as 73.6% in light infection (100-999), 22.6%, in moderate infection (1,000-9,999), and 3.8% in heavy infection (10,000-29,999). 5) High prevalence rate of Clonorchis sinensis was found in the Sang-Ri(9,3%) and Ha-Ri(8.4%) in Yeoju Eup. Neighbouring Bugnae Myun (11.5%), Gangcheon Myun(12.1%) and Neungseo Myun (11.1%) adjacent to the river had a similary high prevalence of C. sinensis.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2005

Frequency domain Volterra model is applied to nonlinear parameter identification procedure for dynamic systems modeled by nonlinear function. The frequency domain Volterra kernels, which correspond io linear, quadratic, and cubic transfer functions in lime domain, are incorporated in nonlinear parametric identification procedure. The nonlinear transfer functions, which can be derived from the Volterra series representation of the nonlinear differential equation of the system by Schetzen's method(1980), are directly used for modeling input output relation. The error is defined by the difference between the observed output and the estimated output which is calculated by substituting the observed input to nonlinear frequency domain model. The system parameters are searched by minimizing the error. Volterra model guarantees enough accuracy and convergence and the estimated coefficients have a good agreement with their actual values not only in the linear frequency region but also in the legion where the $2^{nd}\;or\;3^{rd}$ order nonlinearity is dominant.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• 제8집
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• pp.409-427
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• 2006

This paper deals with the various conceptual metaphors of 'mind' in Korean and English within the Cognitive Semantics. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the metaphorical expressions of the concept 'mind' represented andunderstood in various ways in Korean and English, to find out the linguistically-universal conceptual metaphors underlying the uses of the metaphoric expressions. In addition, this paper discusses the differences in linguistic realization of the concept 'mind' between Korean and English from the socio-cultural background. In the traditional view, metaphor was thought only as the linguistic matters and a deviance from literal or normal use. However, within the Cognitive Linguistic view such as Lakoff and Johnson(1980), metaphor has been considered as a means of understanding and conceptualizing world. According to them, metaphor is found in everyday life because it is not only as a matter of language but also as a nature of human conceptual system controlling cognition, thought and behavior. Conceptual metaphor is suggested as a device to understood abstract and less familiar things through concrete and more familiar things. Conceptual metaphors may be realized linguistically as well as non-linguistically, in the form of movies, arts or behavior. To define the concept 'mind' shared among the Koreans, conceptual metaphors used to represent 'maum(mind)'in Korean are examined. Then they are compared with the ones used to represent 'mind' in English. This is based on the idea that conceptual metaphors represented in linguistic expressions naturally reflect the speakers' concept and conceptualization is a universal irrespective of language. This paper exemplifies the Korean sentences as well as English sentences to utilize some conceptual metaphor such as Johnson(1987)'s THE MIND IS THE BODY and shows many other conceptual metaphors used in Korean and English to represent the same concept 'mind'. What are some metaphors shared by two languages and what is specific to one of them will be shown, too. This paper also suggests that the different conceptualization or lexicalization is partly due to the effect of the oriental cultural background that is more interested in the mental world than the physical world.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2009

This study examines the international differences in tax compliance and relates these differences to selected determinants of tax morale and Hofstede's Cultural dimensions. The findings of the empirical investigation of data from 38 countries during 5 years(2000-2004) indicate that tax compliance is highest in countries characterized by high economic freedom, high effective competition laws, high government transparency, low shadow Economy, and low power distance. It shows that a powerful deterrent to tax evasion is the creation of a tax morale. Where individuals can exercise their economic rights in terms of economic freedom, important equity market and effective competition laws, in a safe environment that improves their quality of life, they are more prone to view tax compliance as less of a burden and more of a citizenship duty. Our results indicate that policymakers should consider cultural values when designing tax compliance legislation and investigating possible behavior irregularities.