• Applied Microscopy
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.7-17
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• 1980

Electron microscope radioautography introduced by Liquier-Milward (1956) is now used routinely in many laboratories. Most of the technical difficulties in specimen preparation have been overcome. This method is modified from loop method for improvement of EM radioautographic techniques. The advantages of this method are: 1. the use of single specimens on small corks and of a large wire loop, allows the experimenter to avoid the blemishes in the membrane; 2. the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate is added to diluted ILford L4, thus greatly prolonging the period of time over which good emulsion layers can be made; 3. corks can be handled in perspex holder which allows about 20 specimens to be developed simultaneously. The steps of the method comprise: 1. Cut ribbons of ultrathin sections of silver interference colour 2. Pick them up on formvar-coated 200 mesh grids 3. Prestaining of tissues 4. Coat the specimens with a thin layer of carbon by evaporation (30-60A) 5. Mount the specimens on corks (about 1cm apical diameter) using double-sided scotch tape 6. Emulsion coating; a. Take a 250m1 beaker, place it on the pan of a sliding weight balance and weigh it. Add 10 grams extra to the beam. Add pieces of ILford L4 emulsion to the beaker until the balance is swinging freely. Add the 20ml of distilled water that was previously measured out. b. Surfactant dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate is added to diluted ILford L4. 7. Prepare a series of membranes of gelled emulsion with the wire loop and apply one to each cork-borne specimen. 8. Put the specimens away to expose by pushing the corks into short length of PVC tubing, each tube having a small hole in the side 9. Place the tubes in small boxes together with silica gel. 10. Exposure 11. Developer - Kodak Microdol X for 3 minutes 12. Fixer - A perspex holder can be manufactured which allows 20 specimens to be developed simultaneously. 12. Fixer - 30% sodium thiosulfate for 10 minutes 13. Examination with Siemens Elmiskop 1A electron microscope

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was carried out to examine the systematic trends in fibril angle which existed within the trunk of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. In 1937 I. W. Bailey reported that crystalline aggregates of iodine may be induced to form within the elongated interstices of the cellulose matrix of the secondary wall, and that these elongated crystals are oriented parallel to the long axis of the fibrils of cellulose. The authors tried a simple method (Yaichi kobayashi method) of demonstrating the fibrillar orientation in lignified walls in which Schulze's reagent was used. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Fibril angles were greater for earlywood (avg. $23.38^{\circ}$) than for latewood (avg. $17.85^{\circ}$). 2. The average fibril angles of consecutive rings decreased consistently and markedly from pith to bark. 3. Differences of the fibril angle between in springwood and in summerwood were greater in corewood than in middle or outerwood.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.565-570
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• 1989

The influence of age at first calving on the milk production of crossbred dairy cows produced under major dairy cattle crossbreeding projects in Pakistan was studied from the year 1974 to 1980. These animals were bred and raised at the Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadarnagar (LPRI), Livestock Experiment Station, Karachi (LES) and the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF). Local Sahiwal (SWL) cattle were crossed with the European breeds, Holstein Friesian (HF) and Jersey (J) at LPRI and UAF. At LES, native Red Sindhi (RS) were crossed with the HF and J breeds. At LES and UAF, the crossbred progeny, thus, produced comprised of halfbreds only while at LPRI 3/4 HF, 3/4 J, 1/4 HF and 1/4 J groups were also available for this study. The average age at first calving was considerably higher among the native breeds. At LES, the RS calved for the first time at an age of approximately 56 months. Corresponding values for SWLs at LPRI and UAF were 44 and 64 months, respectively. The 1/2 HF and 1/2 J crossbreds calved first at the age of approximately 25, 26, 34, 36, 37 and 38 months at LPRI, LES and UAF respectively. For 3/4 HF, 3/4 K, 1/4 HF and 1/4 J groups of LPRI the average age at first calving was 29, 26, 34 and 33 months. Considerable differences in age at first calving between the crossbreds and native breeds were observed. Due to early maturity, the former attained the peak level of milk production in third lactation whereas the latter groups, because of late maturity, reached this level in their fourth lactation. This study suggested that early maturity in Zebu cattle (Box indicus) could be induced through crossbreeding with European cattle (Bos Taurus).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 1981

In order to know the morphology and the function of the fat-storing cells (FSC) of the squirrels which were captured at the Pal-Gong mountain near Taegu in December, 1980 (Group A) and May, 1981 (Group B), respectively, the light and electron microscopic observations were conducted on the liver of the squirrels. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Light microscopically, the size of the lipid droplets in the FSC of group A was uniformly larger than those in the cells of group B, and number of the droplets in the FSC of group A was less than those in the cells of group B, The distribution of the FSC of group A was mainly perilobular area while those of group B was centrolobular and midzonal areas. In this point of view, the FSC of the squirrels was similar to those cells of the hamsters. 2. Electron microscopically, general morphology of the sqirrel's FSC was accorded with those of the other mammals. However, the rouph surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the FSC of group B was more dilated than those in the cells of group A, and more lipid droplets and pinocytopic vesicles were observed in the FSC of group B than those in the cells of group A. 3. From the above evidences, it could be suggested that the metabolic rates in the FSC of the squirrels collected in the spring were higher than those in the cells of the animals collected in the winter.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.1379-1386
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• 2006

전자우편이나 문자 메세지를 이용할 때 겪는 불편함 중 하나는 상대방이나 기계에 정서 정보를 전달하기 어렵다는 점이다. 정서 정보를 메시지에 싣기 위해서는 컴퓨터나 디지털 기기가 정서를 인식하거나 사용자가 정서를 입력해야 한다. 기존의 정서 인식 방법은 생리적, 신체적 측정치를 이용하는 것인데, 이 경우 측정을 위한 별도의 장비가 필요하고 현재 자신의 정서 상태와 다른 정서를 표현할 수 없다는 단점이 있다. 특히 소형 모바일 기기를 이용할 때 다른 측정 장치를 사용하는 것은 더욱 어렵다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 모바일 기기를 사용하는 환경에서 사용자가 원하는 정서를 기계에 입력하기 위해 동작을 이용하려는 연구가 진행되었다(Fargerberg, Stahl, & Hook, 2003). 본 연구에서는 Laban Movement Analysis에서 동작을 구성하는 다섯 요소 중 노력(effort)과 모양(shape) 요소를 재구성하여, 방향성 차원, 무게감 차원, 시간감 차원으로 동작을 구분하고 총 20개의 동작을 선정하였다. 또한 한덕웅과 강혜자(2000)가 수집한 834개 정서 어휘를 평정하여 동작을 통해 표현하고 전달되기 쉬운 정서 어휘 50개를 선택하였다. 최종 실험에서 참가자들은 20개의 동작에 대해 50개의 정서 어휘를 평정하고 데이터는 범주형 주성분분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 Russell(1980)의 이차원 정서 구조 모형에서 각성 수준 차원은 동작의 무게감과 시간감 차원과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 강하고 빠른 동작일수록 각성 수준이 높은 정서가 나타났다. 또한 동작의 방향성 차원은 정서의 종류와 관련이 있는 것으로 드러났다. 직선 움직임은 높은 각성 수준의 부정적 정서와, 흔듦 움직임은 불안 및 초조와, 원형 움직임은 즐거운 정서와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 동작을 통하여 정서 정보를 효과적으로 전달할 수 있음을 보여주었고, 동작과 정서를 연관 짓기 위해 방향성 차원과 무게감 차원 그리고 시간감 차원을 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.21-30
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• 2009

Objectives : Being introduced in the 1980s, laser acupuncture studies have been steadily carried on such as its thermal effects on human body. However, the mechanisms of effect are not yet clearly explained. Generally, laser acupuncture could be favorable for pediatric patients or people under special conditions (hemophilia, needle-phobia, pathogen-carriers, etc.) because of lower risk of infection, bleeding, pain or fainting. But there are still problems for using laser acupuncture equivalently as the traditional metal needle. The goal of this study is to review the fundamentals, history and present trend of laser acupuncture study, and to suggest how to develop laser acupuncture as an oriental medical device. Method : We performed literature search using PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Scopus(http://www.scopus.com). Search conditions are laser acupuncture, laser needle, LLLT(as title or abstract) or Litscher G(as author). Main target studies are physical fundamentals, clinical trials, physiological results and device proposals. Results : Many research have shown the similarities of laser acupuncture and traditional metal acupuncture and have reported clinical and physiological effects of laser acupuncture. But, still laser acupuncture is not widely used in Korea due to high-cost of equipments and the lack of clear understanding of laser devices. Additionally, there are still challenges in standardization and device development. Conclusions : Frequencies, laser modes, waveguides, adaptor types, polarization and signal modulations are suggested as future study subjects on laser acupuncture. More various studies and efforts for device development have to be performed to provide oriental medical doctors with evidence based confidence about usage of laser acupuncture.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

ICT industry in Korea was constituted an industry in early 1980's and has been growing more and more since then. In the process of this growth, most of the large ICT companies in Chaebeols has been absorbing in undemocratic economic behaviors. As a result, the sales and the profit of Cheabeols and large companies has been increasing by geometrical progression, but most of small and medium cooperative companies of these big corporations have been eking a scanty existence. And many of them had gone belly up. This article will propose the digital economic democratization as an alternative to overcome the present undemocratic economic situation in the digital economic field and to develop the healthy ICT industry, and to preliminarily study the concept, elements and meaning of the digital economic democratization.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 1980

The free radical copolymeriaztion of N-vinylurea(VU) with vinyl acetate (VAc) was carried out at $60^{\circ}C$ in three solvents. VU-vinyl alcohol(VA) copolymers were prepared by the methanolysis of the VU-VAc copolymers. From the nitrogen content measurements of VU-VA copolymers, the monomer reactivity ratios for the VU-VAc copolymerization and the values of Alfrey-Price's Q and e for VU were determined. These Q and $\varrho$ values obtained in the cases of using methanol and methanol-dioxane as the polymerization solvents are comparable with those found for other monomers which have > NCO-pendent groups. The $\varrho$ value indicates that the urea group of VU is a electron-donating group. The copolymerization parameter of VU shows a strong effect of the solvents. These results are interpreted to be that VU is in equilibrium with its tautomer at the polymerization temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2015

This paper conducted research on identifying the process of change in fishing gear and organizing the function of periodically-used fishing gear types through net plan and computer simulation by selecting the design of the four types of fishing gear used for the Korea tuna purse seiner in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, which 1,000 G/T class and whose length over all 60 m class. In the late 1980s, the length of the tuna purse gear was 1,939 m and the design depth was 160 m, but currently, the length and the design depth are 2,515 m and 230 m, respectively. As a result of the simulation, the expansion of the fishing gear increased buoyance, sinking force, sinking depth, surrounded area, and purse wire continuously. Recently, the maximum tension of the currently used purse wire of tuna purse seiner is 23.5 tons and is close to 25.4 tons which is the maximum lift capacity of WS454 winch. The way to improve fishing gear should be proceeded to increase sinking speed rather than expand the size of fishing gear.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1977-1980
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• 2015

Objective: The Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHLD), an inherited neoplastic syndrome predisposing to central nervous system hemangioblastoma (CNS), pheochromocytoma (PCC), renal cell carcinoma(RCC), retinal hemangioma (RA) and renal cysts, is caused by mutations or deletions of the VHL tumor-suppressor gene. To assess VHL genotype-phenotype correlations with function of pVHL a gene mutation analysis of members in a Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and individuals with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma (ASP) was performed. Materials and Methods: DNA samples of 20 members from the Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and 41 patients with ASP were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, confirmed by Taqman probe. Results: Three novel mutations (H125P, 623(^TTTGTtG) and R120T) were identified in the Chinese family and in 3 among 41 ASP patients. The mutations were all located in exon 2 of VHL gene encoding ${\beta}$-domain of pVHL. The tumor type in H125P carriers and R120T carriers was VHL type 2C. And 623(^TTTGTtG) carriers presented VHL type 2B or type 2C. Conclusions: VHL gene abnormalities were identified in the Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and patients with APS, resulting in dysfunction of pVHL. H125P and R120T could be associated with VHL type 2C, while 623(^TTTGTtG) might be linked with VHL type 2B or type 2C. Not only is the genetic analysis helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of patients with VHLD, it is also benefitial for research intoVHLD pathogenesis.