• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.205-236
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• 2010

This article deals with international space law for the environmental protection in outer space especially for space debris arising from space activities. After studying 1967 Outer Space Treaty, 1968 Rescue Agreement, 1972 Liability Convention, 1975 Registration Convention and 1979 Moon Agreement, we could find few provisions dealing with space environment in those treaties. During the earlier stages of the space age, which began in the late 1950s, the focus of international law makers was the establishment of the basic rules of space law governing the states' activities in outer space. Consequently the environmental issues and the risks that might arise from the generation of the space debris did not receive priority attention within the context of the development international space law. Although the phrases such as 'harmful contamination', 'harmful interference', 'disruption of the environment', 'adverse changes in the environment' and 'harmfully affecting' in relation to space environment were used in 1967 Outer Space Treaty and 1979 Moon Agreement, their true meaning was not definitely settled. Although 1972 Liability Convention deals with compensation, whether the space object covers space debris is unclear despite the case of Cosmos 954. In this respect international lawyers suggest the amendment of the space treaties and new space treaty covering the space environmental problems including the space debris. The resolutions, guidelines and draft convention are also studied to deal with space environment and space debris. In 1992 the General Assembly of the United Nations passed resolution 47/68 titled "Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space" for the NPS use in outer space. The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee; IADC) issued some guidelines for the space debris which were the basis of "the UN Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines" approved by COPUOS in its 527th meeting. In 1994 the 66th conference of ILA adopted "International Instrument on the Protection of the Environment from Damage Caused by Space Debris". Although those resolutions, guidelines and draft convention are not binding states, there are some provisions which have a fundamentally norm-creating character and softs laws.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.344-356
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• 2013

This study is a continuation of the 22 year consecutive study (1972~1993) to monitor community dynamics of forest in Mt. Kwanak. This study was intended to provide basic data for urban forest management in the future by analyzing actual changes in vegetation structure of forest in Mt. Kwanak caused by urban environmental changes. For the past 39 years (1972~2010), average temperature increased by approximate between 1.1 and $1.7^{\circ}C$ and soil acidification (pH $5.40{\rightarrow}4.50$) and contents of $K^+$ ($0.67{\rightarrow}0.25$) and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ ($3.20{\rightarrow}0.87$) apparently tended to decrease. According to analysis importance percentage and DBH class of community types classified based on DCA, the succession stopped at Quercus mongolica for 39 years. In addition, the succession was expected to be held at Q. mongolica or to shift from Pinus densiflora to Q. mongolica and from Q. acutissima to Q. serrata. Size of trees growing in forest of Mt. Kwanak increased but the number of species and population of trees showed a downward trend for the 39 years and Styrax japonica and Sorbus alnifolia, which are indicator species, increased their dominance continuously. Decrease in contents of $K^+$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and soil acidification for the past 39 years was found to affect degradation of vegetation structure in Mt. Kwanak.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-80
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• 2014

Helen Lindquist Bonny developed the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (BMGIM), a music oriented self-exploration of consciousness, with the influence of humanistic and client-centered approaches. BMGIM can help people manage pain, anxiety, relationship issues, depression, and other conditions through self-awareness and self-potential. The purpose of this biographical study was to explore Bonny's early life experiences and their contribution to the humanistic and transpersonal approach to music therapy. The study was organized in chronological order: Bonny's childhood and young adulthood; inspirations that led to development of BMGIM; and research and clinical events that helped solidify the development of BMGIM. An interview with Bonny and a review of the literature supported the significance of these periods. The years between 1972 and 1979 mark the development of the first series of BMGIM music programs, which Bonny said served as the base for many later GIM music programs developed. Bonny's contribution to the field of music therapy includes the provision of strong foundation for music therapy based on Maslow's and Rogerian approach, and the introduction of time-valued music to the music therapy field.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.116-121
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• 2001

경기만 지역은 세계최대 규모의 갯벌이 조성되어 해양생태계에서 중요한 역할을 수행하는 자연의 보고이나, 강한 조류운동, 한강 유역으로부터의 토사이동, 그리고 계속되는 연안 개발등 지속적인 영향을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 경기만 지역의 지리적·환경적 요인에 기인한 갯벌지역의 지난 30년 동안 공간적 변화를 분석하고자 한다. 해안선·조간대 지형의 변화 특성은 1972년부터 1999년까지 약 5년 간격으로 촬영된 Landsat MSS 와 TM 영상들을 이용하여 분석하였다. MSS와 TM의 공통적인 파장대이며, 물과 조간대의 경계가 뚜렷한 근적외선 파장대를 이용하여 간조시 갯벌의 경계선을 추출하였다. 각 시기의 수면, 갯벌, 육지를 나타내는 수치지도가 제작된 후, 이들을 중첩함으로써 시기별 변화유형을 구분하였고, 변화유형을 다시 원인에 따라 인공적인 요인과 자연적인 요인으로 나누었다. 의미있는 변화 유형은 크게 8가지로 나타났으며, 변화유형과 변화요인을 연계하여 경기만 지역의 변화특성을 도출하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.102-118
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• 2010

Since hills are transitional area between plains and mountains, they are always under pressure to be developed. In the past, hills were recognized as areas that can be developed easily, but in the present they should be considered and preserved as forest resources. So far, little research has been done regarding cultivation status and transitional procedure. This study attempts to quantify changes in land use using time series data. To do so, this study has created a land use map for 1915, 1972, 2002 and 2006, and conducted a spatial analysis based on GIS. The research areas(the total size of the hills are 3,034 ha) are located in Chungcheongnam-do of South Korea. The size of the forest area of the hills in the research zone has decreased by 50% during the period of 1915 to 2006. The size of the reduced forest area after 2002 is similar to size of the reduced area that had taken place for the last 30 years before 2002. The reduction in forest area in the research area has led to increases in paddy field, upland field, artificial structures, and bare land. From 1915 to the late 1980s, hill development had been related to the primary industry and after the late 1980s, it has associated with the development of the secondary industry including industrial complex.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.649-669
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• 2013

The research deals with the changes of the laws related to gifted education focusing on the Marland Report. As result, contrary to conventional argument for the beginning of legal ground for gifted education, 1958's National Defense Education Act(P. L. 85~864) which stipulated the article for 'identification and encouragement' for 'able students' can be said the first legislation of gifted education in the level of federal government. In the case of definition of the gifted, prior to 1972's Marland Report, there was the first legal definition in the Section 806 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act(P. L. 91~230, 1970), which said "Children who have outstanding intellectual ability or creative talent". However Marland Report expanded the realm of the gifted from the area of intelligence to the area of leadership, art and psychomotor ability. On the basis of Marland Report, in 1974 the Office of Gifted and Talented was set up in the Department of Education for dealing with gifted education in federal. Further, Marland emphasized the importance of stipulating article related to funds for gifted education in law. Without manifesting funds for gifted education in law, he knew very well how hard it was to practice gifted education in reality. This implies that regulation funds for gifted education is crucial for effective actualization of gifted education.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.7.2-8
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• 1983

Chronic laryngotracheal stenosis is becoming increasingly prevalent. Many acceptable procedures such as repeated dilation, laryngotracheoplasty and end-to-end anastomosis had been done according to it's indication, but it have given less than favorable results. Since 1972 the experimental and clinical experiences of Jako and Strong, the carbon dioxide laser has offered a valuable tool to the otolaryngologist. Mihashi (1976) and Lyons (1980) reported use of laser to the management of laryngotracheal stenosis with successful results. From April 82' to March 83', using the carbon dioxide laser, the various obstructing lesions were excised microendoscopically which include four patients considered failures from conventional surgical technique and one patient laryngeal stenosis occured after hemilaryngectomy and neoglottis formation. We concluded as follows, 1) Laser surgery is a useful method to the management of laryngotracheal stenosis in maintaining adequate airway. 2) Formation of granulation after laser surgery was less than other conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.88.2-89
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• 1976

Clinical observation is made on the total 205 cases of foreign bodies in the air and food passages. The entire foreign body cases that had visited ENT Dept. of Han Gang Sacred Heart Hospital from January, 1972 to March, 1976 are included in this study. The results summarized are as follows: 1) The majority of the cases of foreign bodies are found in the food passage, 200 cases (97.6%) while in the air passage only 5 cases was present. 2) The most common foreign bodies in the esophagus was coin (90%) and in the air passage, the sorts of foreign bodies are bean, peanut, plastic bullet, corn and towel clip. 3) In the locality of foreign bodies, the first narrowing is the most frequent site in the esophagus. 4) The majority of the cases with esophageal foreign body is male (M:F 1.4 : 1), in the air passage (M:F 3:2). 5) The patients with esophageal foreign body visited within 3 days in 87%, and with trachiobronchial foreign body visited within a day in all cases.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1977

Korea started the Atlantic tuna fishery from 1964 by means of longline, then added bait-boats in 1972. Both fisheries have given the top priority to catch yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares). The paper reviews available catch, effort and biological data, estimates some population parameters in order to understand the status of the Atlantic yellowfin tuna as a whole. The main findings are summarized as follows: 1. The total of 476 million hook-equivalent fishing effort was thrown to catch yellowfin tuna in 1974, among which one thired was shared by longliners. 2. The dominant age group becomes younger in both surface and longline fisheries. 3. The recent mortality coefficients were calculated as 1.5 for total mortality and 0.7 for fishing mortality. 4. The weight at recruitment was 2.7 kg in 1973 which was smaller than the regulation size(3.2kg) proposed by ICCAT. 5. The maximum sustained yield was calculated to 95-145 thousand metric tons, which was the level of recent catch. Therefore, it is apparent that the present yellowfin tuna fishery should continue to receive close attention.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.6 no.3 s.53
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• pp.42-45
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• 1974

$\blacksquare$소:세계의 소 사양두수는 1972년초 12억 3,000만두로 주요사양국은 미국 1억 1792만두 소련 250만두, 브라질 9,712만두, 알젠틴 4,963만두의 순이다.$\blacksquare$돼지:72년도에는 6억 3,360만두에 달했다. 주요사양국은 미국, 소련, 브라질순인데 72년 생산두수는 미국이 6,287만두, 소련이 7,140만두로 72년도에는 미국보다 약간 우위에 있다. 브라질은 매년 지속적인 증가를 보여 72년에는 7,300만두를 나타내고 있다. $\blacksquare$면양:면양은 최근 4년간 10억두 수준에서 안정, 72년도 10억두를 나타내고 있는데 주요 사양국으론 단연 호주와 소련을 들 수 있다.$\blacksquare$닭:닭의 사양국은 미국을 비롯하여 프랑스, 영국, 이태리 등의 순서이며 최근에는 미국을 비롯한 서유럽, 카나다, 소련을 중심으로 채란계에서 육용계로 전환하는 경향을 보이고 있다.