• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.562-573
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper was to research the history of Korean restaurants in Manhattan, NY in the 1960's-1970's. These Korean restaurants were the pioneers in the globalization of Korean food. It is assumed that 'Mi Cin' was the first Korean restaurant in Manhattan and opened on March $1^{st}$, 1960. In the 1960's, it is estimated that there were four Korean restaurants in Manhattan. In the 1970's, the number of Korean restaurants increased to more than 18, and their main menu items were divided into three types: Korean fusion menu such as 'Lunch Special' for American customers, beef barbecue menu for American and Korean customers, and Korean traditional menu for increasing Korean immigrants.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.25-51
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• 2012

This study analyzed the social image of children from the 1960s to 1990s in the Dong-A Ilbo advertising. The 7,760 representative ad samples were used for the purpose of this study. The findings were as follows: 1) The number of advertising related to children was similar in the 1960s and 1970s and it dramatically increased in the 1990s. 2) Drug advertising was the most frequent from the 1960s until the 1980s. The advertising of english instruction for young children emerged in the 1990s. 3) Young children, especially boys were mostly the model in advertising from the 1960s to the 1990s. 4) Advertising content focused on the role of the mother in early childhood education.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17
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• pp.27-52
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• 2004

The miraculous growth of Korean economy and its business corporations during 1960' s and 1970's are mainly due to the government leadership and its market intervention. We can find the reasons why the government initiated economic growth plan was so successful in Korea in its efficient bureaucratic government system and fair discipline to the corporations based on its contribution to the economy. During 1960's, the primary factors for the growth of business entities and the formation of business groups were the financial special favor, the preferential treatment in the new industry entrance and the merge & acquisition, lavish export incentives from the government, and the export explosion to Vietnam. During 1970's, the substantial deduction of corporations' private debt, enormous support in heavy industry investment, special benefits to general trading companies by the government, and the construction export to the Middle-East were the main causes of the business growth and the business groups formation. Also, the economic rent for the big companies had still been effective since 1960's. However, the preferential benefit to the big companies made them to diversify into the unrelated business ares and to be in very vulnerable financial position. The governmental support brought about the monopoly as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 1996

The development of information retrieval between 1950s and 1990s is described chronologically. For each decade, the following information retrieval systems are examined : post-coordinate and KWIC indexing methods for the 1950s ; off-line and experimental on-line systems for the 1960s ; on-line and full-text retrieval systems for the 1970s ; full-text databases, on-line interfaces, and overseas and domestic on-line databases for the 1980s ; and finally for the 1990s, CD-ROM, multimedia, hypertext, and Internet. The prospects for the future are also discussed.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.46-53
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• 2004

내년이면 우리나라가 광복을 맞이한 지도 60년이 된다. 지난 50여 년 동안 우리나라의 과학기술활동은 지속적으로 성장해 왔다. 아래의 표 1에서 보듯이 연구개발투자 및 연구 인력의 규모가 확대되는 것은 물론 과학기술 활동이 사회 전체에서 차지하는 위상도 증대해 왔다. 이 글에서는 세 개의 시기로 분하여 우리나라의 과학기술 활동이 변천해 온 과정을 살펴보고자 한다. 즉 1940년대 후반부터 1960년대 전반까지의 과학기술 활동은 산만하였고, 1960년대 후반부터 1970년대까지는 과학기술기반이 구축되었으며, 1980년대 이후에는 본격적인 과학기술활동이 전개되었다.(중략)

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.109-122
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• 2009

Cultural policy, a part of ideological policy has affected remarkable changes in movie and animation. Korean animation was called cartoon movie and popular only among children, but works dealing with anti-communism ideology have been introduced in Korea since before/after 1970s. Animation focusing on ideology is not unique in Korea, but division of two Koreas after Korean War made great influence on social, cultural and educational aspects of the nation. Moreover, modification in movie-related laws and regulations made in 1960s - 1970s affected movie and animation significantly and is a means of strengthening anti-communism. In particular, Director Cheong-gi Kim's released in 1978 is meaningful in that it is the first long piece of animation movie. In this study, I clarify anticommunistic ideology reflected on the anticommunistic animations and the imageable expression of ideology reflected on . Most of all, I emphasize on clarifying how the cultural policies and social & cultural background influence on the advent of anticommunistic animation in 1960${\sim}$1970. Also, to communicate anticommunistic ideology reflected on produced under the social & cultural background, I clarify the expressive characteristic which the image of animation has.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.411-425
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• 2015

Development education started in some of developed countries of Europe since 1960s. Japan was interested in the development education with realizing the impotance of quality of life in the late of 1970s after high economical growth in 1960s. Just like Eroupe, development education in Japan was done to citizen by development NGOs. But under close cooperation with JICA and MOE, development education was gradually absorbed in formal education. Development education in Japan is done through interdisciplinary studies and the subjects. Geography national curriculum and textbooks in Japan show that the subject aimed to nurture Japanese in the world in the period from the late of 1960s to the late of 1970s. Thus the period can be named the sprouting time of education of development. But with entering the late of 1980s, geography national curriculum started to focus on fostering global citizenship to students. The turn in the educational aims can be counted as practical start of education of development. And education of development through geography was extended the most in the late of 1990s. But in the recent revised geography national curriculum, emphasis on education of development is reduced a little. It can be told that education of development in Japan arrives at the level of the full growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.73-87
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of fashion magazine on the street fashion, focused on Japan. The data were collected from the magazines and newspapers published in Japan from 1960's to 1990's. Fashion magazine has three functions : transmit information function, education and criticism function, advertisement and entertainment function. And, it has influenced on the street fashion by grasping the fashion trend and consumer needs, and communicating the vision to reader in Japan. The results were as follows : 1. the ivy look of 'Heibon Punch' in the 1960's, 2. the coordinate look of 'Anan' and 'Nanno', 3. the outdoor look of 'Popeye' in the 1970's, 4. the new traditional style of 'JJ' in the 1970's - 1980's, 5. lyceenne look of 'Olive' in the 1980's, 6. Shibu-Kaji style of 'McSister', 7. the supermarket style of 'Cutie' in the 1990's.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.255-267
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• 1996

The so-called Cultural and Historical Geography, sometimes called even as the Historical and Cultural Geography, has been defined as an interdiscipline that encompasses several disciplines in Korea. Scholars with various academic background have participated in the academic activity of the Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers that was organized in the late 1980s. The academic majors of these participants are cultural geography, historical geography, history of geography, urban geography rural geography, economic geography, social and economic history anthropology, landscape architecture, and so on. It was in the 1960s that articles about the Cultural and Historical Geography appeared for the first time in the major academic journals in Korea. The pioneers of publishing these articles in the 1960s continued to conduct their research, while training students majoring in the Cultural and Historical Geography in the 1970s. All of these pioneers and their students were very active in the formation of identity vrith the Cultural and Historical Geography In the 1980s. Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea took a great leap forward both in quantity and in quality. The number of articles in the journal increased substantially, and the range of research theme and methodology extended in a great deal. It was also in the late 1980s that the Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers was organized in Seoul, Korea, and this association began to publish a professional journal named Cultural and Historical Geography once a year. In the 1990s, single-authored books dealing with Korean Cultural and Historcial Geography began to appear in public as textbooks or research monographs. These books are expected to speed up the spread of Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea. If it continues to grow further both in quantity and in quality as it has been, Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea will be able to stand as an independent academic field in the future. Until then, however, it cannot but avoid its mission to contribute to an integrated development of human geography in Korea. It has already gained not only its own merit in the humanistic perspective but also its own strength in its synthetic understanding.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.9-44
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• 2020

This article aimed to looked back at the 1960s, which were assessed to be 'the age of essays', to survey denotations of essays, amplified by the discourse antagonism surrounding 'essays' and the writings of philosophers. Kim Hyeong Suk, Ahn Byeong Uk, and Kim Te Gil were philosophy professors of Yonsei University, Soongshil University, and Seoul National University and writers of numerous essay collections of the 1960s. However, there have been very few studies conducted on them. This is because of old prejudices within literary history that primarily undervalue essays and practices that try to limit them as 'Literariness'. Essays of the 1960s became the flavor of the times based on democratic demands that attempted to objectify individual experiences and grounds that passed through the war and the April 19 Revolution. The language of philosophers was expropriated through the various senses of first person writing to readers of the times, which lacked civil culture and national morality. Deficits in public spheres of the 1950s and 1960s were filled by Kim Hyeong Suk's narrations of comfort and conquest based on historic experiences, Ahn Byeong Uk's logic of self-discipline and knowledge based on democracy, and Kim Te Gil's humor and introspection that objectified the lives of the petit bourgeois. However, as the essays of philosophers failed to connect with the public discourse of the age, they were unable to go as far as sparking or serving as a medium for civil culture in the 1970s. Regardless, as essays rose historically in the 1960s, thought was given to the characteristics of the 'essay' genre and in connection, to the merits and demerits of cultural history that possesses the language of philosophers.