• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2015

Public education on soil and soil science in Korea was reviewed through textbooks written in Korean which were used in the primary schools since 1950's. Numbers of words 흙[heuk], the Korean native word meaning soil, and 토양[土壤, toyang], originated from Chinese characters, were counted, and compared with the textbooks published in 1950's, 1970's, and 1990's, 2010's. The Korean native word "heuk" was used 20 times in 1950's, and increased to 55 times in 1970's. In 1990's version, it was decreased to 31 times and to 20 times in the 2010's version. The first appearance in the 1950's version was in the 3rd grade book, but was in the $1^{st}$ grade books in both 1990's and 2010's. In this recent version, the primary school students met this word on the poet, "Toad, Toad build a house", and "Sprout come out through soil clod". The word, "토양, toyang", originated from Chinese characters, 土壤, appears only 2 times in the $6^{th}$ grade in 2010's version. Authors conclusively recommend children should learn meaning of soil at early stage of primary school easily with positive image.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2021

우리는 드라마 <명동백작>(2004)을 통해서 드라마가 1950년대 한국문화와 문학을 대중에게 전달하는 양상을 검토한다. 이 드라마는 명동에 주목하여 1950년대의 사회와 문학을 조망한다. 이 드라마는 평범한 사람들을 등장시켜서 당시의 사회상을 현실적으로 시청자들에게 소개할 뿐만 아니라, 연구자들의 인터뷰를 삽입하여 시청자들의 이해를 돕는다. 또한 시인 이봉구의 시선을 통하여 서로 다른 문학인들과 그들의 문학을 연결시켜서 서사적 완결성을 얻어내는 동시에, 시청자들로 하여금 문학인들의 내면을 이해할 수 있게 한다. 주인공 이봉구는 드라마의 결말에서 다시 등장하는데, 그의 평가는 후대의 평가에 대한 의미 있는 강변이자, 1950년대의 한국문학을 시대적 아픔을 낭만적 정취와 문학적 열정으로 극복하고자 한 결과물로서 의미화한다. 특히 이 드라마는 1950년대 전후(戰後)라는 시대적 배경에 대한 시청자들의 이해와 실감, 문화적 맥락에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 전문가와 해설자를 등장시켜 설명한다. 비록 드라마의 직접적인 해설에 의한 제한적인 해석이라는 또다른 함정을 내포하게 하지만, 맥락 속에서 인물들의 선택을 이해하고, 더 나아가 이들의 문학관을 이해하게 하는 데에 주효하였던 것은 분명하다. 그러므로 드라마 <명동백작>은 영상을 통하여 1950년대의 문학과 문화 풍경을 대중적이고도 진정성 있게 시청자에게 전달한 의미 있는 텍스트이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2014

김묵은 1950년대 후반부터 1970년대 초반까지 한국영화계에서 주목받는 액션영화 감독이었다. 1958년 <흐르는 별>에서 각본, 감독으로 데뷔한 이후, 연출 초창기에는 통속멜로물에 관심을 가졌으나 <피 묻은 대결> 이후 본격적인 액션활극과 스릴러풍의 액션영화를 주로 만들었다. 김묵의 액션영화를 세부적으로 구분하면 항일투쟁영화, 월남전영화, 시대물, 멜로물, 반공물, 스릴러 등 6가지의 액션활극으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구는 액션영화 감독의 작품에 대한 미학적인 평가보다 우선하여 활동업적을 평가, 소개하는 작업을 시도하였다. 1950년대 후반부터 1970년대 초까지 김묵이 발표한 전 작품을 소개하고 이를 토대로 그의 연출스타일을 살펴 한국 액션영화에 대한 김묵의 영화작가적 태도를 논의하였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Early 20th century Singapore was faced with the problem of overcrowding. The attendant problems of a rapid increase in population density, namely the lack of proper housing and sanitation, resulted in the issue of an appropriate residential environment emerging as an important task in urban planning. It was necessary to construct housing estates in order to solve this issue. At that time, the British colonial government attempted to transplant modern technology into the construction process of a residential complex system. However, Singapore's climate and traditional lifestyle made it impossible to apply the British modern system in a straightforward manner, and in the process, a number of transformations emerged. With a specific focus on the Tiong Bahru estate, one of Singapore's representative public housing projects, from the 1930s through the 1950s, this study intends to look at the way in which such residential estates were assimilated into local surroundings, and the effect of the transplantation of British concepts of modern housing theory. Therefore, the study is divided into an examination of the estate both before and after the turning point of World War II. This study confirms that the difference between the pre-war and post-war planning strategies for the Tiong Bahru estate were made according to the concept of 'open space.'

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.604-615
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate whether heel height changes in the U.S. market occur in a cyclical pattern and heel heights show greater within-year variability over time. Heel height data from U.S. Vogue's spring and fall editions were analyzed over the time period 1950~2014. A total of 1581 pieces of data were measured in millimeter units using Adobe Illustrator and standardized by dividing the height of the heel by the shoe length through the curved sole line. To analyze the cycle pattern of heel heights, the yearly averages were standardized by using three-year moving average technique to average out the irregular components of time series data and give a better indication of the long-term fluctuation of heel height. To identify the degree of within-year variability of heel height, the standard deviation of the average measurements for a year was calculated, and then decade averages were drawn from the yearly averaged standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the within-year variability of data in heel height over the time period studied by decade. The results showed: First, there was a trend toward higher heels from the early 1950s to 2011. Second, four cyclical movements of heel height were observed from 1950 to 2007, and heel heights gradually decreased after 2008. Third, the within-year variability significantly increased over time, especially after the 1980s.

• 대한지리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지리학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.139-140
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• 2005

• 복식
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.159-173
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• 2002

The subject of the paper is for the study about the implication and the changes of design and functions in the underwear by the change of the times from late 19c until present time. Researching on documents and magazine's articles, and interviewing with women older than 60s is used for the period of previous 1960s. researching on documents, advertising, newspaper, and interviewing with the persons concerned is used for the period of after 1960s. Analysis showed periodical change in underwear is divided into that the changes of the time is divided into 1890-1950 start to Westernization in underwear, 1957-1969 Ready made in underwear. 1950-1969 Variety in underwear, 1980-1989 Fashioning, functioning in underwear, 1990-present Withdrawing from fundamental notion in underwear. The time of 1890-l950 showed the biggest change in an external form in underwear. In 1950-1969, notions of beauty in underwear ultimately swatch from Oriental sense to Western sense, In 70s, underwear achieved the early stage of fashioning. In 80s, Underwear became one of fashion item. In 90s, underwear achieved higher quality and variety. The basic notion of underwear was destroyed by exposing underwear.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2018

In 1961, the Republic of Korea's first newly-constructed government building was completed. The government building, as ROK office, was erected as a twin with the USOM office in Sejong-ro. The reason why the ROK office and the USOM office were erected as a twin building is that the two offices were part of Foreign Operation Administration's Seoul Buildings Project in 1954. Within the project, the FOA office and the ROK office were rarely separated, and naturally, the ROK office was built according to the US standards. The planning, design, and construction phases which led by the US government were involved in the US architecture, engineering-construction companies. Because those AEC companies were familiar with the US technology and standards. In the phase of construction, Korean companies took part in the process under the supervise of Vinnell Corporation. The US expected to transfer its 'modern' and 'developed' technology through this process. The completed ROK office was widely known as the 'modern style (hyundae-sik)' building, which was body forth as glasses and new facilities. These factors were what the US emphasized for exporting architecture. The modifier, 'modern style (hyundae-sik)', given to the ROK office in the 1950s was a synonym for any new feeling that had never been seen hitherto. The newness of the ROK office, the 'modern style (hyundae-sik)' building, was specified as materials and facilities that indicates modern technology while in the absence of adequate knowledge.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.45-68
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• 1999

From the Korean War in 1950 to the end of the 1960s, the traditional feudal residue which had been prevalent in our society was disrupted and suddenly replaced with modem western order. Family ethics were also to be changed, so that western family ethics replaced those of confucian ones. This is part of a study that examines the flow of family ethics from ancient families to modem families to find out the stem of Korean family ethics. Since there are almost no existing studies that have dealt this topic, newspaper, magazine and also interviews with the people of thus era were very helpful to this study along with the related books and papers. On account of limited space, this study focused in the first place on husband-wife ethics and parent-child ethics among family ethics.

• 복식
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2006

Bikini, a brief two-piece bathing suit revealing the wearer's navel, was first introduced in Paris, in 1946. However, it was not until the late 1950s that Americans were ready to adopt bikinis. Therefore, I focused on the following research questions to understand the popularization process of bikinis in the United States, from 1946 to the 1960s: 1. Why were Americans initially hesitant to adopt the bikini? 2. What were the factors that influenced the popularization of the bikini among Americans in the late 1950s? Primary sources including Bazaar. Madmoiselle, Vogue, The New York Times, and Life were reviewed. I referred to secondary sources on the history of fashion and American popular culture to interpret primary sources. According to the primary sources, Americans were hesitant to adopt the bikini, partly due to the excessive demand on the wearer's figure. However, the conservative social atmosphere during Cold War would not accept immorality and obscenity which would threaten America's future. Therefore, the campaigns against the sex industry, which developed prominently after WWII, predominated American society during the 1950s. Under this atmosphere, a small number of pictures and articles on bikinis appeared in the primary sources. Bikinis were only found in advertisements including sun lotions and hair removers. However, American society had to accept the change in sexual mores by the end of the 1930s. Body-revealing fashions including miniskirts, hot pants, and see-through material reflected the change in social convention. By the end of the 1950s, the number of pictures and articles on bikinis also began to increase in the primary sources. More Americans adopted bikinis with the increasing number of private pools and European trips. The vogue of sun-tanning and movies featuring bikinis further contributed to their popularity in the late 1930s and into the 1960s.