• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 1991

Twenty eight patients had undergone repair of an isolated complete atrioventricular septal defect between April 1986 and September 1990 in Seoul National University Children`s Hospital. The group comprised 13 male and 15 female patients. They ranged in age from 2 months to 8 years[mean 18.6months] and in weight from 3. 4kg to 23kg[mean 9.0$\pm$4.6kg]. They were analysed as Rastelli type A in 17 patients, Rastelli type B in 2 patients, and Rastelli type C in 9 patients. Seven patients had concomitant Down`s syndrome. All patients had large left-to-right shunt[mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio 3.5 $\pm$2.2 ranging from 0.68 to 10.0] and high pulmonary systolic pressure[mean 74$\pm$18.8mmHg, ranging from 35 to 110]. In 11 patients, one patch technique was used to close the atrial and ventricular septal defect and 16 patients were undergone by two patch technique. We urgently managed only one patient by pulmonary artery banding whose anatomy was Rastelli type C and severe mitral regurgitation was identified. Postoperative complete A - V block was noted in 3 patients, two of whom were dead in operating room due to combined LVOTO and myocardial failure, and one patient with Rastelli type C was undergone by VVI type permanent pacemaker insertion 1wk later after two patch technique, but we had to manage him by modified Konno operation and total correction due to LVOTO and VSD leakage and severe mitral regurgitation 3 years later. Another two reoperation cases due to severe mitral regurgitation after two patch technique were undergone, one of whom we managed by mitral annuloplasty 3 months later but aggravated mitral regurgitation made us to control him by MVR 3 months later. Another one case of VSD leakage and tricuspid regurgitation was managed by total correction but she died of respiratory insufficiency 14 days later. We experienced pulmonary hypertensive crisis in 3 patients, who were dead in two cases comparing with one control case. So operative mortality is 9/27[33.6%], in one patch group of 3/11[29.2%] comparing with two patch group of 6/16[37.5%]. In summary, causes of death were pump weaning failure, myocardial failure and low cardiac output syndrome and pulmonary hypertensive crisis, resp. failure, complete AV block. Mean follow up period is 15.8$\pm$10.7 months[ranging from 3months to 37 months]

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.872-877
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• 2008

This study was carried out to provide basic information related to improvement of flavor and consumption of cheonggukjang. Red ginseng cheonggukjang (RGC) and Rubus coreanum cheonggukjang (RCC) extracts were prepared, and their physicochemical characteristics were compared with either general cheonggukjang (GC) or non-fermented boiled soybean (BS). The moisture and crude fat contents were not significantly different among samples. RGC had the highest reducing sugar content and BS had the lowest. The free sugar content of RGC was higher than that of either GC or RCC, and the major free sugars present were glucose, fructose and sucrose. Seventeen free amino acids were detected in BS and cheonggukjang, and the content of free amino acids ranged from 1,233.8 to 2,599.6 mg/100 g. The greatest content of free amino acids was found in RGC. Color L, a and b values were highest in BS and lowest in RCC. The hardness and strength of RGC and RCC were lower than for GC.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.500-506
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare and analyze the active and general components in mate leaf tea according to degree of fermentation conditions. The contents of tannic acid of hot water extracts from #1 (mate leaf), #2 (Mate leaf after fermentation and roasting), #3 (Mate leaf after Pan-firing), and #4 (Mate leaf after final drying) were decreased according to degree of fermentation conditions. Polyphenol contents of hot water extracts were approximate in #1 and #3, with measurements of 43.45 mg/g and 38.20 mg/g, respectively. Caffeine contents were 6.78 mg/g in #1, 4.30 mg/g in #3, and 3.65 mg/g in #4. In addition, the level of total free amino acid of #1 was higher than that of #2, #3, and #4. Lightness (L) and Redness (a) values increased and yellowness (b) values decreased after fermentation. When sensory tests were conducted, mate leaf tea after fermentation had pleasant taste.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.451-456
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• 2010

We investigated changes in the quality of pulp-containing apple juice, during storage, after addition of various amounts of vitamin C, which was stable over time. Neither sugar content nor acidity level varied when vitamin C was added. The pH was slightly lower (pH 4.29-4.30) in juice with added vitamin C than in unsupplemented juice (pH 4.40). The L and b color values fell as vitamin C content rose and the storage period was extended. In sensory evaluation tests, taste and overall acceptability were higher for juice to which vitamin C had been added to 0.02% (w/v) than for unsupplemented juice. Vitamin C levels fell less during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ than at higher temperatures. The alcohol-soluble color (ASC) value fell as the amount of added vitamin C rose, and tended to be lower when juice was stored at $4^{\circ}C$ compared to $37^{\circ}C$. In summary, apple juice containing pulp was optimally stored at $4^{\circ}C$ after addition of 0.02% (w/v) vitamin C

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.487-493
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate quality characteristics of white breads with Acanthopanax senticosus extract(ASE) (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Addition of ASE significantly decreased L-value, and increased a and b-values. Compared with the control bread, specific volume of bread added with ASE was increased. The cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess of the breads added with ASE were higher than those of the control group. Also, a sensory evaluation was carried out in terms of acceptability(color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability). Taken together, the 50% treatment ranked the highest evaluation values, as compared to other treaments. Accordingly, to improve the quality of bread, it is recommendable to add ASE to the 50% level in substitution for water in making a loaf of bread. After all, this study was to confirm the possibility of ASE's utilization as natural materials containing the functional substance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 1984

As one trials to utilize sea mussel and anchovy effectively, powdered instant soups were prepared and then their quality stability were examined during storage. Powdered instant soup was made by adding $3\%$ sugar, $20\%$ table salt, $5\%$ monosodium glutamate, $0.2\%$ black pepper and garlic powder to the pulverized dried sea mussel or anchovy. Powdered instant soup products, powderd products, and dried round state sea mussel or anchovy were packed with air in laminated film bag (cellophane/polyester/aluminium foil/polyester: $20{\mu}m/15{\mu}m/7{\mu}m/20{\mu}m,\;13{\times}14cm$). The contents of amino-nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen of these products were showed little significant variations and also water activity and color value (L, a, b) of these products were little changed during storage. Thiobarbituric acid value increased up to 30 days of storage and then decreased slightly. Comparing the quality of powdered-seasoned products with that of dried round state products, there were no significant differences in stability during storage. Judging from the experimental results, the quality of powdered instant soup of sea mussel and anchovy were stable for 100 days at room temperature($25{\pm}3^{\circ}C$).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 1994

Purpose : This study was undertaken to show the clinical results of combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia in primary hepatoma Materials and Methods : Between December 1989 and March 1993, 50 patients with hepatomas were treated by combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia. Among them, we analyzed retrospectively 33 patients who received the complete course of treatment. The ages of the patients ranged from 36 to 75(mean age: 55.5 years). Twenty-six patients ($78.8\%$) were men, and 7 ($21.2\%$ were women. According to Child's classification, nine patients ($27.3{\%}$) were A group, 9 ($27.3\%$) were B group, 15 ($45.4\%$) were C group. Radiation therapy was done by a 6 MV and 15 MV linear accelerator. Patients were treated with daily fractions of 150-180 cCy to doses of 2550 cGy -4950 cGy (median : 3000 cGy). Local hyperthermia was done by 8 MHZ RF capacitive heating device (Cancermia. Green Cross Co., Korea), 50-60 min/session, 1-2 sessions/wk, and 8.5 sessions (median number)/patient. We analyzed the prognostic factors including age, sex, tumor type, Child's classification, $\alpha$-fetoprotein, liver cirrhosis, ascites, portal vein invasion, esophageal varix, number of hyperthermia, chemotherapy, total bilirubin level, Karnofsky perfomance status. Results : The overall 1-year survival was $24.2\%$, with a mean survival of 10months. Of 33 patients, tumor regression (PR+MR) was seen in $30.4\%$, no response was seen in $52.2\%,\;17.4\%$ patient was progressed. In patients who had tumor regression, the overall 1-year survival was $42.1\%$ with a mean survival of 14 months. Factors influencing the survival were sex (p=0.05), tumor type (p=0.0248), Child's classification (p=0.0001), liver cirrhosis (p=0.0108), ascites (p=0.0009), and Karnofsky perfomance status (p=0.0028). Complications developed in 28 patients, including 18 hot pain,5 fat necrosis, 3 transient fever, 2 nausea and vomiting. Conclusion : In this study, the results suggests that combined radiotherauy and hyperthermia may improve the survival rate of hepatoma.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.395-406
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• 1997

Some RE (Zr, Nb, REE) ore deposits are located in the middle part of the Korean peninsula. Geotectonically, the RE ore deposits situated on the Kyemyeongsan Formation of northern margin of the Okcheon geosynclinal belt and in the transitional zone between Kyeonggi massif and Okcheon belt. The rare metal deposits distributed in Kyemyeongsan Formation which consists of schist and alkaline granite. The alkali granite has suffered extensive post-magmatic metasomatism and hydrothermal processes. The ore contains mainly Ce-La, Ta-Nb, Y, Y-Nb, Ti-Nb-(U), Nd-Th group minerals. Fergusonite, one of Nb-Y rich REE minerals belonging to the A-B oxides, is most common mineral in the rare metal deposits. The fergusonite bearing rocks may be devided into four types by occurrence features and mineral association, that is, zircon type, allanite vein, feldspar type, and fluorite type. Fergusonites show wide variations in optical properties, due to part of differences in their chemical composition (depending on the types), but also the degree of crystalinity of the individual specimens. Fergusonite metamicts enclosed in biotite are generally surrounded by well developed pleochroic haloes. Usually, fergusonite is accompanied with zircon and other REE-bearing minerals. Petrographical and chemical data are presented for fergusonites which collected different types. $Nb_2O_3$ and $Y_2O_3$ contents range from 48.51 to 53.01 wt.% and 29.18 to 42.02 wt.% respectively. Also, $ThO_2$, (1.83~6.93), $UO_2$, (0.17~2.84), ${\sum}RE_2O_3$ (except to Y) (1.11~8.73), and $TiO_2$, (0.19~1.19 wt.%) contents show variational compositions according to fergusonite types. The ${\sum}RE_2O_3$ of fergusonites are positive relation with $Y_2O_3$ and negative relaton with $ThO_2$ and $({\sum}{RE_2O_3}-{Y_2O_3})$. The $Nb_2O_3$ is sightly negative relation with $Ta_2O_3$. Back-scattered electron microscope images (BEI) of fergusonite show the mineral composition and textural feature is very complicated. The variation of Nb, Th and REE content of fergusonite and the modes of occurrence of mineral, suggests that REE may have been mobilized during the circulation of hydrothermal fluids related to contact metamorphism (metasomatism). The chemical variation of the fergusonites with occurrences and mineral association can be related to metasomatism of alkaline fluid was probably the dominant ore-forming process in Chungju district.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.267-272
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 버섯의 건조시간을 줄여 건조 후 버섯의 품질을 향상시키기 위하여 버섯의 감압건조기를 개발하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 가. 버섯의 감압건조기의 시작기를 제작하였고, 시작기의 구조는 건조실, 감압블로워, 흡ㆍ배기구 솔레노이드 밸브, 제습장치, 송풍기, 전기히터로 구성되어 있으며, 건조실의 내부 압력이 표준대기압-900hPa, 열풍온도는 상온에서 5$0^{\circ}C$까지 조절할 수 있도록 제작하였다. 나. 시작기를 이용하여 표고버섯을 대상으로 건조특성시험을 실시한 결과, 열풍온도 5$0^{\circ}C$, 건조실 내부압력 900-940hPa에서 건조시간은 11.5h으로 대기압과 비교하여 6.5h 단축되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 건조 전ㆍ후의 색차, 수축률, 복원률의 품위가 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 F-test 유의성 검증 결과, 5%의 유의수준에서 갓주름의 색차, 갓직경의 수축률, 복원률에서 유의차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다. 열풍온도 5$0^{\circ}C$, 건조실 내부압력 900-940hPa로 표고버섯과 아가리쿠스에 대하여 건조성능시험을 실시한 결과, 표고버섯의 경우 건조시간은 13h으로 열풍식 농산물 건조기와 비교하여 건조시간이 4.5h 단축되는 것으로 나타났으며, 아가리쿠스의 경우 건조시간이 17.5h로 나타났다. 라. 성능시험 결과, 시작기가 열풍식 농산물건조기와 비교하여 건감률, 색택, 수축률, 복원률 등의 품위가 전반적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 마. 시작기의 건조비용을 분석한 결과, 건조시간은 단축되었지만 시설투자비가 높아 건조비용이 표고버섯의 경우 2,461원/kg으로 열풍식 농산물건조기 보다 13% 높은 것으로 나타났지만, 추후 고품질 건조버섯 생산을 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.라갈수록 낮은 온도분포를 나타내고 있는 것은 상부에는 외부공기가 유입되면서 온도가 떨어지는 반면 하부에는 외부공기 유입이 적기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 열풍실의 길이방향 위치별 온도 분포에서도 같은 현상으로 나타났고, 버너쪽과 송풍기쪽의 온도편차는 나타나지 않아 균일 건조를 기대할 수 있다. 마. 열풍온도를 45$^{\circ}C$로 설정하고 조사거리와 방사체 길이를 각각 119, 1,470mm로 하여 벼의 건조성능시험을 열풍건조기(대비구)와 비교시험 결과 시험구에서 건감률, 건조소요에너지가 각각 0.58%(w.b.), 470kcal/kg - water로 대비구보다 각각 건감율은 23% 높았고, 건조소요에너지는 2%의 절감되었다. 바. 건조기에서 발생되는 소음은 버너쪽 근처에서는 대비구 94.12㏈의 87%에 불과하였으나, 거리가 멀어질수록 차이는 크지 않았다. 이것은 버너에서 멀어질수록 외부적인 요인이 소음에 영향을 미쳤기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 사. 시작기와 대비구간의 경제성에서 시작기의 구입가격이 20% 비싸기 때문에 시간당 고정비가 높았으나, 건조성능이 우수하여 건조비용이 69,350원/톤으로 대비구보다 14% 절감되는 것으로 나타났다.작용하는 것으로 사료된다.된다.정량 분석한 결과이다. 시편의 조성은 33.6 at% U, 66.4 at% O의 결과를 얻었다. 산화물 핵연료의 표면 관찰 및 정량 분석 시험시 시편 표면을 전도성 물질로 증착시키지 않고, Silver Paint 에 시편을 접착하는 방법으로도 만족한 시험 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.째, 회복기 중에 일어나는 입자들의 유입은 자기폭풍의 지속시간을 연장시키는 경향을 보이며 큰 자기폭풍일수록 현저했다. 주상에서 관측된 이러한 특성은 서브스톰 확장기 활동이 자기폭풍의 발달과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사한다.se that were all

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2003

The spatio-temporal distribution and seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton community were carried out in the Southwestern parts of Deukryang Bay of the Korean South Sea from July 1997 to January 1998. A total of 60 species of phytoplankton belonging to 41 genera was identified. In the southwestern parts of Deukryang Bay seasonal succession in dominant species; Eucampia zodiacus, and Chaetoceros spp. in summer, Nitzschia longissima, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Bacillaria paxillifera in autumn, Skeletonema costatum and B. paxillifera in winter, were very predominant. The community structure of phytoplankton in the southwestern parts of Deukryang Bay appeared to be diverse in species composition, and diatoms were most dominant through the year. Phytoplankton standing crops fluctuated with an annual mean of $1.2{\times}10^5$ cells $L^{-1}$ between the lowest value of $8.0{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$ in January and the highest value of $6.9{\times}10^5$cells $L^{-1}$ by Nitzschia longissima in January. Densities of the phytoplankton cell number by the samples of the southwestern parts of Deukryang Bay ranged from $1.1{\times}10^4$ cells $L^{-1}$ to $1.3{\times}10^5$ cells $L^{-1}$ with the mean value of $4.1{\times}10^4$ cells $L^{-1}$ in summer, from $1.0{\times}10^4$ cells $L^{-1}$ to $6.9{\times}10^5$ cells $L^{-1}$ with mean of $1.8{\times}10^5$ cells $L^{-1}$ in autumn, from $8.0{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$ to $4.6{\times}10^5$ cells $L^{-1}$ with mean $1.6{\times}10^5$ cells $L^{-1}$ in winter. That is to say, phytoplankton standing crops was high in low temperature seasons, while low in high temperature seasons. Chlorophyll a concentration fluctuated between 1.08 mg $m^{-3}$ and 21.6 mg $m^{-3}$ in January. In the southwestern parts of Deukryang Bay temporal change in chl-a concentration was not apparent. But chl-a concentration was high during a year. Therefore, phytoplankton production in the southwestern parts of Deukryang Bay could be very high year-round.