• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2024

This study investigated temporal changes in forest physical variables and their effects on thermal comfort and physiological and psychological responses. Environmental factors (air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity), the predicted mean vote (PMV), and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) visitors were continuously measured between 9:00 AM and 6:00 PM. We assessed the physiological and psychological responses (heart rate variability, heart rate, oral temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, thermal sensation vote, comfort sensation vote, and subjective feelings) of 30 male university students (average age: 21.7±1.9 years), who closed their eyes and relaxed for 5 minutes every hour. Examination of correlations between environmental factors and physiological responses showed that ① the mean radiant temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity significantly changed with time; ② PMV and PPD also showed significant changes over time, and the thermal sensation vote corresponded with PMV; however, the comfort sensation vote did not correspond with PPD; ③ Among the physiological responses, parasympathetic nerve activity, sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, and diastolic blood pressure significantly varied with time, with parasympathetic nerve activity having the lowest value and sympathetic nerve activity the highest at the highest air temperature (2:00-4:00 PM); and ④ Air temperature, mean radiant temperature, and wind speed showed a negative correlation with parasympathetic nerve activity and a positive correlation with sympathetic nerve activity. These findings indicate that the relaxation effects of the forest environment depend on what time of day people are exposed to it, and the changes occurring in forest environmental factors over time modulate these effects.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2024

Along with the high interest in electric vehicles and new renewable energy, there is a growing demand to apply lithium-ion batteries in the construction equipment industry. The capacity of heavy construction equipment that performs various tasks at construction sites is rapidly decreasing. Therefore, it is essential to accurately predict the state of batteries such as SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Health). In this paper, the errors between actual electrochemical measurement data and estimated data were compared using the Dual Extended Kalman Filter (DEKF) algorithm that can estimate SOC and SOH at the same time. The prediction of battery charge state was analyzed by measuring OCV at SOC 5% intervals under 0.2C-rate conditions after the battery cell was fully charged, and the degradation state of the battery was predicted after 50 cycles of aging tests under various C-rate (0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5C rate) conditions. It was confirmed that the SOC and SOH estimation errors using DEKF tended to increase as the C-rate increased. It was confirmed that the SOC estimation using DEKF showed less than 6% at 0.2, 0.5, and 1C-rate. In addition, it was confirmed that the SOH estimation results showed good performance within the maximum error of 1.0% and 1.3% at 0.2 and 0.3C-rate, respectively. Also, it was confirmed that the estimation error also increased from 1.5% to 2% as the C-rate increased from 0.5 to 1.5C-rate. However, this result shows that all SOH estimation results using DEKF were excellent within about 2%.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-138
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• 2013

The purpose of this article is to awaken our colleagues to the culture and mind issues that have been forgotten or neglected by contemporary psychiatry under the prevalence of materialistic orientation. Cultural psychiatry too, though it has been contributed a great deal to widen the mental vision of psychiatry, has revealed several limitations in its approach. In the course of one sided search for culture specific factors in relation to mental health, conventional cultural psychiatry has neglected an effort to explore the common root underlying the different cultures and the common foundation of human mind. Cross sectional comparisons of the cultures alone have inevitably prevented the global considerations to culutre and mind in historical aspects and the dynamic interactions between mind and culture more in depth. The author suggested that the total view of mind and total approach of analytical psychology of C.G. Jung might be capable to replenish those limitations. Author explained the ways of C.G. Jung's observations and experiences of non-western culture and his concepts of culture and mind. The author demonstrated Jung's view of culture with the example of Filial Piety, Hyo, the Confucian moral norm which can be regarded as components of the collective consciousness though connected with archetypal patterns of behavior of intimacy between parent and child. In regard to the coexistence of multi-religious cultures in Korea the author made a proposal of 'culture spectrum' model for understanding value orientations of person in religious cultures. He identified in case of the Korean 4 types of cultural spectrums: Person with predominantly the Buddhist culture; with the Confucian; with the Shamanist; and with the Christian culture. The author also made an attempt to depict the dynamic interactions of different religious cultures in historical perspectives of Korea. Concepts of mind from the Eastern thoughts were reviewed in comparison with Jung's view of mind. The Dao of Lao Zi, One Mind by Wonhyo, the Korean Zen master from the 7th century, the Diagram of the Heaven's Decree by Toegye, a renowned Neo-Confucianist of Korea from the 16th century and his theory of Li-Ki, were explored and came to conclusion that they represent certainly the symbol of the Self in term of C.G. Jung. The goal of healing is 'the becoming whole person'. Becoming whole person means bringing the person as an individual to live not only within the specific culture but also to live in the world beyond the culture which is deeply rooted in the primordial foundation of human mind.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.398-408
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• 2023

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the radiological and clinical characteristics of benign adenomyoepitheliomas of the breast. Materials and Methods Over the last 20 years, 120 patients were histologically diagnosed with breast adenomyoepithelioma (AME) at our institution. We excluded 43 patients who were incidentally diagnosed during mastectomy for breast cancer, 28 who underwent percutaneous biopsy without further excision, and 8 who had biopsy-confirmed benign AME and were found to have another pathology after complete excision. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and radiological findings of the remaining 41 patients with histologically diagnosed benign breast AMEs after complete excision. Results All 41 patients underwent US; 38 underwent mammography (MG) and US; and 18 underwent MG, US, and MRI. MG detected 38 cases with a round or oval shape (56%), and mass (89%), were non-circumscribed (62%), hyperdense (53%), and without microcalcifications (95%). Breast US revealed suspicious masses (98%) with a non-circumscribed margin (66%), hypoechogenicity (43%), and intratumoral vascularity (63%). All lesions on breast MRI showed suspicious masses (100%) with ill-defined margins (61%), and 84% showed wash-out kinetics. Benign AMEs showed suspicious features of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4 or 5 in 83%-95% of the MG, US, and MRI. Sixteen of the 41 cases were misdiagnosed on the initial core needle biopsy and two were diagnosed as malignancy. Conclusion Benign breast AME often shows suspicious radiological features mimicking a malignant mass on MG, US, and MRI. Differentiating benign AME from other pathologies might be difficult on core needle biopsy, and complete excision is needed for a correct diagnosis.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.54-66
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• 2024

Background and Purpose: Dementia subtypes, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), pose diagnostic challenges. This review examines the effectiveness of ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET) in differentiating these subtypes for precise treatment and management. Methods: A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted using databases like PubMed and Embase to identify studies on the diagnostic utility of ¹⁸F-FDG PET in dementia. The search included studies up to November 16, 2022, focusing on peer-reviewed journals and applying the goldstandard clinical diagnosis for dementia subtypes. Results: From 12,815 articles, 14 were selected for final analysis. For AD versus FTD, the sensitivity was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.98) and specificity was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-0.92). In the case of AD versus DLB, ¹⁸F-FDG PET showed a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.88-0.98) and specificity of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.70-0.92). Lastly, when differentiating AD from non-AD dementias, the sensitivity was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80-0.91) and the specificity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.91). The studies mostly used case-control designs with visual and quantitative assessments. Conclusions: ¹⁸F-FDG PET exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating dementia subtypes, particularly AD, FTD, and DLB. This method, while not a standalone diagnostic tool, significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy in uncertain cases, complementing clinical assessments and structural imaging.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.460-474
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular events and 2 different levels of elevated on-treatment diastolic blood pressures (DBP) in the presence of achieved systolic blood pressure targets (SBP). Methods: A nation-wide population-based cohort study comprised 237,592 patients with hypertension treated. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Elevated DBP was defined according to the Seventh Report of Joint National Committee (JNC7; SBP <140 mmHg, DBP ≥90 mmHg) or to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) definitions (SBP <130 mmHg, DBP ≥80 mmHg). Results: During a median follow-up of 9 years, elevated on-treatment DBP by the JNC7 definition was associated with an increased risk of the occurrence of primary endpoint compared with achieved both SBP and DBP (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.24) but not in those by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition. Elevated on-treatment DBP by the JNC7 definition was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18-1.70) and stroke (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08-1.30). Elevated on-treatment DBP by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition was only associated with stroke (aHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.16). Similar results were seen in the propensity-score-matched cohort. Conclusion: Elevated on-treatment DBP by the JNC7 definition was associated a high risk of major cardiovascular events, while elevated DBP by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition was only associated with a higher risk of stroke. The result of study can provide evidence of DBP targets in subjects who achieved SBP targets.

• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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• v.501 no.4
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• pp.5616-5645
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• 2021

We analyse the large-scale clustering in Fourier space of emission line galaxies (ELG) from the Data Release 16 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. The ELG sample contains 173 736 galaxies covering 1170 deg² in the redshift range 0.6 eff = 0.845 we measure D_V(z_eff)/r_drag = 18.33^+0.57_-0.62, with D_V the volume-averaged distance and r_drag the comoving sound horizon at the drag epoch. In combination with the RSD measurement, at z_eff = 0.85 we find fσ₈(z_eff) = 0.289^+0.085_-0.096, with f the growth rate of structure and σ₈ the normalization of the linear power spectrum, D_H(z_eff)/r_drag = 20.0^+2.4_-2.2 and D_M(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.17 ± 0.99 with D_H and D_M the Hubble and comoving angular distances, respectively. These results are in agreement with those obtained in configuration space, thus allowing a consensus measurement of fσ₈(z_eff) = 0.315 ± 0.095, D_H(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.6^+2.2_-2.1 and D_M(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.5 ± 1.0. This measurement is consistent with a flat ΛCDM model with Planck parameters.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2023

This study was aimed to determine the changes in CO₂ concentration according to the temperatures of daytime and nighttime in the CO₂ supplemental greenhouse, and to compare calculated supplementary CO₂ concentration during winter and spring cultivation seasons. CO₂ concentrations in experimental greenhouses were analyzed by selecting representative days with different average temperatures due to differences in integrated solar radiation at the growth stage of leaf area index (LAI) 2.0 during the winter season of 2022 and 2023 years. The CO₂ concentration was 459, 299, 275, and 239 µmol·mol^-1, respectively at 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.m. after the CO₂ supplementary time (10:00-13:00) under the higher temperature (HT, > 18℃ daytime temp. avg. 31.7, 26.8, 23.8, and 22.4℃, respectively), while it was 500, 368, 366, 364 µmol·mol^-1, respectively under the lower temperature (LT, < 18℃ daytime temp. avg. 22.0, 18.9, 15.0, and 13.7℃, respectively), indicating the CO₂ reduction was significantly higher in the HT than that of LT. During the nighttime, the concentration of CO₂ gradually increased from 6 p.m. (346 µmol·mol^-1) to 3 a.m. (454 µmol·mol^-1) in the HT with a rate of 11 µmol·mol^-1 per hour (240 tomatoes, leaf area 330m²), while the increase was very lesser under the LT. During the spring season, the CO₂ concentration measured just before the start of CO₂ fertilization (7:30 a.m.) in the CO₂ enrichment greenhouse was 3-4 times higher in the HT (>15℃ nighttime temperature avg.) than that of LT (< 15℃ nighttime temperature avg.), and the calculated amount of CO₂ fertilization on the day was also lower in HT. All the integrated results indicate that CO₂ concentrations during the nighttime varies depending on the temperature, and the increased CO₂ is a major source of CO₂ for photosynthesis after sunrise, and it is necessary to develop a model formula for CO₂ supplement considering the nighttime CO₂ concentration.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2024

This study was carried out to analyze the growth of grafted seedlings produced in a container-type farm system and a greenhouse to stably produce high-quality seedlings. For 14 days after graft-taking, the characteristics of korean melon grafted seedlings were compared by container farm and greenhouse. The container seedling system maintained a stable day/night temperature (25/20℃), relative humidity (70%), and light environment (PPFD 200µmol·m^-2·s^-1, photoperiod (16/8h). The difference between day and night temperature (DIF) was relatively large, with a mean temperature of 28.1/15.4℃ in the high-temperature greenhouse. Plant height of the korean melon seedling was longer in the greenhouse than in the closed seedling system, and the average SPAD value was 30.5 and 41.1 in the greenhouse and closed seedling system, respectively. To calculate the compactness of the graft seedlings, the shoot dry weight was divided by the plant height, and the value was 44.9±2.64 mg/cm and 24.4±1.56 mg/cm in the closed seedling system and the greenhouse treatment, respectively, 7 days after graft-taking. To produce high-quality seedlings during high-temperature or low-photo periods, it will be necessary to analyze the key factors that affect growth characteristics and transplanting growth and to verify the effects of the closed seedling system based on post-transplanting growth and yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2024

Recent agricultural practices have depleted micronutrients in the soil, exposing approximately two billion people worldwide to "hidden hunger", a condition in which sufficient calories are consumed but there is a deficiency in essential vitamins and minerals. This form of malnutrition occurs not only in developing countries but also in developed nations where staple foods include grains such as wheat and corn. Among cereal crops, the color of wheat grains can vary due to the presence of different pigments in the bran layers. Colored wheat, rich in functional compounds such as anthocyanins, offers various health benefits primarily due to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the phenotypic and nutritional characteristics of wheat germplasm 'IT016425' compared with domestic wheat cultivars, with the intention of considering the introduction of this germplasm for breeding purposes. In the field trial, 'IT016425' had a heading date and maturity that were 22 and 8 days later than 'Keumgang', respectively. 'IT016425' also presented the tallest plant height (105.1 cm) but the shortest spike length (7.8 cm) and spike number (14 per plant). The thousand grain weight was similar to that of 'Tapdong', measuring 39.0 g. 'IT016425' had the lowest protein content, with a mean value of 12.1%, whereas 'Keumgang' had the highest protein content (15.5%). However, 'Tapdong' and 'IT016425' compensated for their lower protein content by having higher levels of total dietary fiber. These cultivars exhibited the highest total dietary fiber content, with mean values of 3.16 and 3.29 g/100 g, respectively, whereas 'Keumgang' and 'Arijinheuk' had lower values. 'IT016425' also had the highest content of anthocyanin, with a mean value of 1.61 mg/100 g. Additionally, 'IT016425' had the highest levels of minerals such as K (230.64 mg/100 g), P (190.31 mg/100 g), Mg (45.40 mg/100 g), Zn (1.06 mg/100 g), Mn (0.54 mg/100 g), and Cu (0.12 mg/100 g) compared to the other tested cultivars. Cultivating 'IT016425' in Korea may not be suitable due to the common practice of rice-wheat double-cropping, as it has delayed heading and maturity. However, considering its high anthocyanin and mineral content, it is necessary to introduce the beneficial traits of 'IT016425' into breeding programs.