• 제목/요약/키워드: 15% Hydrochloric acid

검색결과 88건 처리시간 0.029초

추출방법에 따른 금속광산 주변의 토양오염 특성 (Soil Pollution Characteristics of Metallic Mine Area according to Extraction Methods)

  • 양중석;이주영;박영태;백기태;최재영
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2010
  • This study investigated the change of metal contamination levels according to amendment of enforcement regulation of the Soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea. As an analytical result of 87 samples in abandoned metallic mine area, the extracted amount of As, Pb and Cu with aqua regia was 4.3~29.6 times higher than that with hydrochloric acid extraction and the number of samples, which contamination levels were found to exceed soil contamination standards, was also increased. On the other hand, in case of Cd, Zn, and Ni, the number of samples, which contamination levels were found to exceed soil contamination standards, was decreased or similar. These results can be used as a preliminary material in comparison between the soil pollution data accumulated previously and the data obtained by the revised standard method for the examination of soil pollution.

Quantitative Exposure Assessment of Various Chemical Substances in a Wafer Fabrication Industry Facility

  • Park, Hyun-Hee;Jang, Jae-Kil;Shin, Jung-Ah
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.39-51
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate exposure levels of various chemicals used in wafer fabrication product lines in the semiconductor industry where work-related leukemia has occurred. Methods: The research focused on 9 representative wafer fabrication bays among a total of 25 bays in a semiconductor product line. We monitored the chemical substances categorized as human carcinogens with respect to leukemia as well as harmful chemicals used in the bays and substances with hematologic and reproductive toxicities to evaluate the overall health effect for semiconductor industry workers. With respect to monitoring, active and passive sampling techniques were introduced. Eight-hour long-term and 15-minute short-term sampling was conducted for the area as well as on personal samples. Results: The results of the measurements for each substance showed that benzene, toluene, xylene, n-butyl acetate, 2-methoxy-ethanol, 2-heptanone, ethylene glycol, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid were non-detectable (ND) in all samples. Arsine was either "ND" or it existed only in trace form in the bay air. The maximum exposure concentration of fluorides was approximately 0.17% of the Korea occupational exposure limits, with hydrofluoric acid at about 0.2%, hydrochloric acid 0.06%, nitric acid 0.05%, isopropyl alcohol 0.4%, and phosphine at about 2%. The maximum exposure concentration of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) was 0.0870 ppm, representing only 0.1% or less than the American Industrial Hygiene Association recommended standard (100 ppm). Conclusion: Benzene, a known human carcinogen for leukemia, and arsine, a hematologic toxin, were not detected in wafer fabrication sites in this study. Among reproductive toxic substances, n-butyl acetate was not detected, but fluorides and PGMEA existed in small amounts in the air. This investigation was focused on the air-borne chemical concentrations only in regular working conditions. Unconditional exposures during spills and/or maintenance tasks and by-product chemicals were not included. Supplementary studies might be required.

황산(黃酸)을 중화제(中和劑)로 사용(使用)하는 소각(燒却)비산재의 습식(濕式) 처리(處理) (Wet Treatment of Fly Ash From Municipal Waste Incinerator with Sulfuric Acid as a Neutralizing Agent)

  • ;;;윤시내
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.16-24
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 소각비산재의 습식 처리에 관한 기초 자료를 얻을 목적으로 소각비산재의 물성, 황산에 의한 소각비산재의 중화과정, 황산에 의한 소각비산재의 탈염소 반응, 소각비산재와 황산의 반응에 의하여 생성한 이수석고의 결정성장 및 미립 중금속의 분리 둥에 관하여 조사하였다. 소각비산재와 황산을 반응시켜 염산을 회수하고 그 잔류물의 대부분을 차지하는 석고 성분을 선택적으로 결정성장 시켜 결정성이수석고와 중금속으로 분리하는 일련의 공정에서 100g의 소각비산재위 85g의 진한 황산을 사용하는 경우 35% 염산 52.6g, 순도가 98%이상인 결정질 이수석고 116.9g을 회수할 수 있으며, 이 과정에서 2.65g의 활성탄을 주로하는 조립불순물과 7.85g의 중금속함유 미립자들이 분리되었다.

누에 형질전환에 적합한 실용품종 누에알의 제조 (Modification of the commercial silkworm eggs adequate for Bluemoon0silkworm transgenesis)

  • 김성완;강민욱;강석우;윤은영;최광호;김성렬;박승원;노시갑;구태원
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.73-77
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    • 2013
  • 지금까지 형질전환에 사용된 품종은 휴면각성을 위해 염산처리가 불필요한 비휴면계통인 다화성품종에서 제한적으로 이뤄지고 있으며, 휴면계통의 누에알을 대상으로 형질전환누에를 제작한다는 것은 매우 어려운 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 양잠농가에 장려품종으로 보급되고 있는 백옥잠(잠123 ${\times}$ 잠124)과 원종인 잠124의 월년란을 불월년란화 하기 위한 처리조건을 구명한 바 산란 후 40 ~ 60시간째에 온도는 $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, 조명은 암(0L:24D)처리로 100% 불월년화가 유도되었다. 또한 불월년란은 월년란에 비해 부화율, 상족율 및 화용비율에 있어 큰 차이가 없었다. 불월년란으로 유도된 실용품종 누에알에 누에 형질전환용 전이벡터를 미세주입한 후 부화율을 분석한 결과, 불월년란으로 유도된 월년란의 부화율은 40 ~ 70% 로, 인공부화 처리한 월년란의 10 ~ 30%, 다화성누에 HM의 30 ~ 50% 부화율에 비해 높은 부화율을 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발한 불월년란 유도 기술은 현재 양잠 농가에 보급하고 있는 실용품종을 형질전환하는데 매우 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

Production of High-purity Magnetite Nanoparticles from a Low-grade Iron Ore via Solvent Extraction

  • Suh, Yong Jae;Do, Thi May;Kil, Dae Sup;Jang, Hee Dong;Cho, Kuk
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제53권1호
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2015
  • We produced magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and a Mg-rich solution as a nano-adsorbent and a coagulant for water treatment, respectively, using a low-grade iron ore. The ore was leached with aqueous hydrochloric acid and its impurities were removed by solvent extraction of the leachate using tri-n-butyl phosphate as an extractant. The content of Si and Mg, which inhibit the formation of MNPs, was reduced from 10.3 wt% and 15.5 wt% to 28.1 mg/L and < 1.4 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, the Fe content increased from 68.6 wt% to 99.8 wt%. The high-purity $Fe^{3+}$ solution recovered was used to prepare 5-15-nm MNPs by coprecipitation. The wastewater produced contained a large amount of $Mg^{2+}$ and can be used to precipitate struvite in sewage treatment. This process helps reduce the cost of both sewage and iron-orewastewater treatments, as well as in the economic production of the nano-adsorbent.

Preparation of diffusion dialysis membrane for acid recovery via a phase-inversion method

  • Khan, Muhammad Imran;Wu, Liang;Hossain, Md. Masem;Pan, Jiefeng;Ran, Jin;Mondal, Abhishek N.;Xu, Tongwen
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제6권5호
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    • pp.365-378
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    • 2015
  • Herein, the preparation of anion exchange membrane (AEM) from brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,6-phenylene oxide) BPPO and dimethylaniline (DMA) by phase-inversion process is reported. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are prepared by varying the DMA contents. Prepared AEMs show high thermal stability, water uptake (WR) around 202% to 226%, dimensional change ratios of 1.5% to 2.6% and ion exchange capacities (IECs) of 0.34 mmol/g to 0.82 mmol/g with contact angle of $59.18^{\circ}$ to $65.15^{\circ}$. These membranes are porous in nature as confirmed by SEM observation. The porous property of membranes are important as it could reduce the resistance of transportation of ions across the membranes. They have been used in diffusion dialysis (DD) process for recovery of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from the mixture of HCl and ferrous chloride ($FeCl_2$). Presence of $-N+(CH_3)_2C_6H_5Br^-$ as a functional group in membrane matrix facilitates its applications in DD process. The dialysis coefficients of hydrochloric acid ($U_H$) of the membranes are in range of 0.0016 m/h to 0.14 m/h and the separation factors (S) are in range of 2.09 to 7.32 in the $HCl/FeCl_2$ system at room temperature. The porous membrane structure and presence of amine functional group are responsible for the mechanism of diffusion dialysis (DD).

일라이트 분체 내에 함유된 산화철 제거에 옥살산과 L-아스코르브산이 미치는 영향 (Effects of Oxalic and L-ascorbic acids on Iron Removal form Iron-bearing Illite)

  • 이원표;강일모;문희수
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.141-151
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    • 2007
  • 충북 영동지역에서 산출되는 일라이트를 대상으로 철 성분을 제거하는 실험을 수행하였다. 이는 일라이트 광석에 들어있는 철 성분을 제거하여 백색도를 향상시킴으로써 광석의 활용 가능성을 높여 주는데 있다. 철 성분의 제거 효율성을 평가하기 위해 무기산(황산, 염산), 유기산(L-아스코르브산, 옥살산), 혼합산(무기산+유기산)을 사용하였다. 실험결과 0.15 M L-아스코르브산을 0.5 N 황산에 첨가한 혼합산과의 탈철 반응을 수행한 경우, 60분 반응 시 1.5 wt%의 산화철 성분을 제거하여 가장 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 0.5N황산을 단독으로 사용한 경우에는 60분 반응 시 제거된 산화철이 0.68%에 불과하다. 황산만을 이용하여 1.5wt %의 산화철을 제거하기 위해서는 5N의 반응농도와 150분의 반응시간이 요구되었다. 따라서 친환경적이고, 인체친화적인 L-아스코르브산의 탈철반응이 반응농토와 반응시간에 있어서도 효율적임을 관찰하였다. 산화철 제거 후 일라이트는 백색도가 42%에서 75%로, 색도가 10YR 8/4에서 5Y, 8/1로 향상되어 CBD 처리와 같은 수준으로 증가하였다. 일라이트 입자를 교결하고 있던 산화철이 제거되어 입도가 소폭 감소하였으나 광물학적/물리 화학적 특성은 변화가 관찰되지 않았다.

Assessment of Semi-Quantitative Health Risks of Exposure to Harmful Chemical Agents in the Context of Carcinogenesis in the Latex Glove Manufacturing Industry

  • Yari, Saeed;Asadi, Ayda Fallah;Varmazyar, Sakineh
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권sup3호
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    • pp.205-211
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    • 2016
  • Excessive exposure to chemicals in the workplace can cause poisoning and various diseases. Thus, for the protection of labor, it is necessary to examine the exposure of people to chemicals and risks from these materials. The purpose of this study is to evaluate semi-quantitative health risks of exposure to harmful chemical agents in the context of carcinogenesis in a latex glove manufacturing industry. In this cross-sectional study, semi-quantitative risk assessment methods provided by the Department of Occupational Health of Singapore were used and index of LD50, carcinogenesis (ACGIH and IARC) and corrosion capacity were applied to calculate the hazard rate and the biggest index was placed as the basis of risk. To calculate the exposure rate, two exposure index methods and the actual level of exposure were employed. After identifying risks, group H (high) and E (very high) classified as high-risk were considered. Of the total of 271 only 39 (15%) were at a high risk level and 3% were very high (E). These risks only was relevant to 7 materials with only sulfuric acid placed in group E and 6 other materials in group H, including nitric acid (48.3%), chromic acid (6.9%), hydrochloric acid (10.3%), ammonia (3.4%), potassium hydroxide (20.7%) and chlorine (10.3%). Overall, the average hazard rate level was estimated to be 4 and average exposure rate to be 3.5. Health risks identified in this study showed that the manufacturing industry for latex gloves has a high level of risk because of carcinogens, acids and strong alkalisand dangerous drugs. Also according to the average level of risk impact, it is better that the safety design strategy for latex gloves production industry be placed on the agenda.

산으로 개질한 Zeolite 5A의 세공구조에 따른 Toluene Vapor의 흡착특성 (Adsorption Characteristics of Toluene Vapor According to Pore Structures of Zeolite 5A Modified with Hydrochloric Acid)

  • 이송우;배상규;권준호;나영수;안창덕;윤영삼;송승구
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제27권8호
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    • pp.807-812
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    • 2005
  • 연속식 흡착장치를 사용하여 산처리로 세공구조를 변화시킨 Zeolite 5A의 toluene vapor 평형흡착량과 흡착제의 세공직경에 따른 표면적과의 상관관계를 고찰하였다. 산처리에 의해 미세세공이 형성되기도 하지만 기존 미세세공의 직경이 점차 확대되었으며, 산의 농도가 높을수록 미세세공이 중간세공 이상으로의 변화가 많았다. 산처리한 Zeolite 5A의 toluene vapor 평형흡착량은 $15{\sim}\;mg/g70$ 사이였고 산처리에 의해 평형흡착량이 약 5배까지 증가하였으며, toluene vapor는 주로 직경 $15\;{\AA}$ 이상의 세공 표면적에 비교적 잘 흡착되는 것으로 판단되었다. Toluene vapor 평형흡착량과 총 누적표면적(total cumulative surface area)은 상관관계가 없었으며, 직경 $15\;{\AA}$ 이상의 누적표면적과는 가장 높은 상관관계(0.997)를 나타내었다.

옥수수 전분박(澱粉粕)을 이용(利用)한 식사료(食飼料) 효모생산(酵母生産)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Production of Foods and Feeds Yeast from the Hydrolyzate of Corn Starch Cake)

  • 성낙계;김명찬;기우경;김종규;윤한대
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 1976
  • 옥수수 전분박을 이용하여 식사료 효모를 생산하기 위하여 전분박의 산당화법을 검토하고 이 산당화액을 이용하여 liquid culture에서 식용효모, semisolid culture에서 사료효모를 생산하기 위한 배양조건을 검토한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 옥수수 전분박의 신당화시 가수분해제로는 염산이 황산보다 효과적이었으며, 염산 농도 1%, 압력 $2.0kg/cm^2$에서 30분간 가수분해 시켰을 때 당화율이 57.2%로서 가장 좋았다. 2) 산분해시 원료와 전분박의 비가 1:10 이상에서는 분해가 증가되지 않았으며 semisolid substrate를 만들기 위해서는 1:3의 비율이 적당하였다. 3) 6종류의 효모를 전분박 당화액에 배양시켰을 때 Candida tropicalis가 가장 좋았으며, 최적 초기 pH는 6이었으며, 최적온도는 $30^{\circ}C$였다. 4) Liquid culture에서 Candida tropicalis의 무기 영양 요구도를 조사한 결과 $(NH_2)_2CO$ 0.3%, $KH_2PO_4$, 0.15%, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.04%였으며, semisolid culture시에는 $NH_4CI$ 0.4%, $KH_2PO_4\;0.1%\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.04%$를 가했을 때가 좋았다. 5) 식용 효모생산을 위한 액체배양에서는 초기당 4%에서 88.75%를 소비하였으며, 원료에 대한 건조효모로써 19.13%의 수율을 보였다. 6) 사료효모를 생산하기 위해 semisolid한 상태에서 배양하였을 때 처리하지 않은 전분박에 비해cellulose는 14.7%에서 3.76%로 감소하였으며, 건조효모는 13.89%가 생성되었다.

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