• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted by surveying 616 male workers living in Ulsan City regarding their health status based on lifestyles such as alcohol consumption, smoking and exercising as well as physical measurements and biochemical tests. The average height, weight and BMI(body mass index, $kg/m^2$) of the subjects was 170.9cm, 70.2kg and 24.2, respectively. The rate of drinking was $80.9\%$ and the rate of smoking was $53.4\%$. Seventy four percent of subjects responded that they exercise regularly. The results of the blood biochemical tests revealed that the average hemoglobin concentration was 14.7g/dl, and the levels of GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) were 32.74unit/l, 26.99 unit/l, respectively. The average hemoglobin concentration for the subjects aged in the 50s was 14.39g/dl, which was significantly lower than those in the 20s(14.81g/dl), 30s(14.69g/dl) and 40s(14.73g/dl). The blood glucose level and the cholesterol level also increased with age. Also investigated was the blood pressure of the subjects increased with age,. and there was a significant increase(p < 0.05) for the subjects in the 50s compared to those in the 20s. The frequency of alcoholic beverages was significantly correlated with systolic/ diastolic blood pressure(p < 0.05) and $\gamma-GTP(gamma\;glutamyl\; transpeptidase)$(p<0.01). The duration of smoking showed a negative correlation(p < 0.05) with the hemoglobin and positive correlations with diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol and $\gamma-GTP(p<0.01)$. The study shows that blood pressure, blood glucose level, cholesterol level, GOT, GPT and $\gamma­GTP$ level, increase with age, which indicates higher possibility of degenerative diseases, calling for nutritional education in terms of advisable lifestyles regarding eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking and regular exercise.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2013

Late effects of chronic exposure to gamma radiation are potential hazards to worker in radiation facilities as well as to the general public. Recently, chronic gamma radiation exposure effects have become a serious concern. Using a total of 60 mice, we studied the biological effects of medium-dose chronic exposure to gamma radiation. Sixty female 6-week-old specific pathogen free Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (five groups irradiated and one non-irradiated control group). Irradiation was carried out for 7 days using gamma rays at dose rates of 119.65, 238.10, 357.14, 476.19 and $595.24mGy\;h^{-1}$ with total doses 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy. After irradiation, we determined survival rate of gamma radiation exposed mice during 1 week and 476.19 and $595.24mGy\;h^{-1}$ exposed group mice showed less 10% of survival rate. Otherwise, 119.65, 238.10 and $357.14mGy\;h^{-1}$ exposed group mice were survived each 100%, 80% and 70%. Half of survived mice after 1 week are immediately sacrifice and counted body and spleen weights. Compared with control non-irradiated group, total body weights and spleen weights isolated from 119.65, 238.10 and 357.14 irradiated group mice showed significant decreased. However, no significant alteration was observed between 119.65, 238.10 and $357.14mGy\;h^{-1}$ irradiated group. Overall, our results show for the first time that medium-dose chronic gamma radiation has the potential to stimulation of biological effects.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.405-408
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• 2005

To induce the enhanced mutants of dinitroaniline herbicide pendimethalin degrading bacterium, Bacillus sp. MS202 was irradiated with gamma radiation at the dose of $LD_{99}$ (3.35 kGy). Three enhanced mutants (MS202m7, MS202m14, MS202m18) were isolated from the candidates by the generation - isolation method. Clear zone formation and the GC analysis confirmed that the degrading activity of each enhanced mutant (MS202m7, MS202m14, MS202m18), the formation of pendimethalin metabolite, increased by $11\%,\;45\%,\;and\;32\%$ than a wild type, respectively. It suggested that these mutants induced by gamma radiation could be useful for the application of pesticide degradation.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.52
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• pp.336.1-336.12
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• 2018

Background: We aimed to investigate mucosal immunity related to forkhead box P3 ($FOXP3^+$) regulatory T (Treg) cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells and cytokines in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Mucosal tissues from terminal ileum and colon and serum samples were collected from twelve children with IBD and seven control children. Immunohistochemical staining was done using anti-human FOXP3 and anti-$ROR{\gamma}t$ antibodies. Serum levels of cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex assay covering interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, soluble CD40L, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. Results: $FOXP3^+$ Treg cells in the lamina propria (LP) of terminal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the healthy controls. $ROR{\gamma}t^+$ T cells of terminal ileum tended to be higher in Crohn's disease than those in the control. In the multiplex assay, serum concentrations (pg/mL) of IL-4 ($9.6{\pm}1.5$ vs. $12.7{\pm}3.0$), IL-21 ($14.9{\pm}1.5$ vs. $26.4{\pm}9.1$), IL-33 ($14.3{\pm}0.9$ vs. $19.1{\pm}5.3$), and $IFN-{\gamma}$ ($15.2{\pm}5.9$ vs. $50.2{\pm}42.4$) were significantly lower in Crohn's disease than those in the control group. However, serum concentration of IL-6 ($119.1{\pm}79.6$ vs. $52.9{\pm}39.1$) was higher in Crohn's disease than that in the control. Serum concentrations of IL-17A ($64.2{\pm}17.2$ vs. $28.3{\pm}10.0$) and IL-22 ($37.5{\pm}8.8$ vs. $27.2{\pm}3.7$) were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis than those in Crohn's disease. Conclusion: Mucosal immunity analysis showed increased $FOXP3^+$ T reg cells in the LP with Crohn's disease while Th17 cell polarizing and signature cytokines were decreased in the serum samples of Crohn's disease but increased in ulcerative colitis.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2021

We present analysis results of Korean VLBI Network (KVN) four-band data for the highly variable blazar 3C 279. We measured the 22, 43, 86, and 129 GHz flux densities and spectral indices of the source using contemporaneous data taken over 5.6 years. We used the discrete correlation function to investigate correlations between the radio emission properties and those measured in the optical (2 × 10¹⁴ - 1.5 × 10¹⁵ Hz), X-ray (0.3-10 keV), and gamma-ray (0.1-300 GeV) bands. We found a significant correlation between the radio spectral index and gamma-ray flux without a time delay and interpreted the correlation using an extended jet scenario for blazar emission.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 1970

Effect of Added 1-hexene on the yield of hydrogen produced from Co-60 gamma radiolysis of methanol was investigated at room temperature. The results indicated that the yield of hydrogen decreased rapidly with increasing 1-hexene concentrations. Effect of added methyl borate on the radiolysis of methanol was also studied in the presence of oxygen. The results revealved that methyl borate acted as a less effective scavenger than oxygen towards the precursors of the radiolysis products. Experimental data previously obtained on the systems with oxygen added were treated more quantitatively to re-examine mechanism of the radiolysis of methanol in detail.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.180-180
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• 2003

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is involved in the suppression of growth of several types of tumors such as liposarcoma, cancers of breast, prostate, and colon, possibly through induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis.(omitted)

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.365-370
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• 1998

To evaluate the renal toxicity of the antitumor agent, p-{N,N,-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino}-4-phenyl acetyl-amino-2,6-piperidinedione(CK-15), rats were treated with CK-15 (acute: 50mg/kg. i.p., single and subacute: 5mg/kg, i.p., daily for 7 days). The changes in the body weight, water consumption, kidney weights and urine volume after and during the treatment were observed. The concentrations of urinary creatinine and portein, the activities of N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (${\gamma}$-GT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 24hr urine were also determined. The body weight, water consumption, and urine volume were decreased after the acute and subacute administration. However the weights of kidney were not changed after the treatments. The excretion of creatinine was significantly decreased 1 day after acute administration but, returned to the control value. In subactute administration, the excretion of creatinine was gradually decreased. However, the protein excretion did not changed in both treatment. Those indicate that CK-15 might decrease the metabolic rate of muscle. THe urinary activities of NAG, AAP, ${\gamma}$-GT, and LDH were significantly affected bythe drug treatment. The urinary activities of NAG, AAP and ${\gamma}$-GT were significantly increased 1 day after the acute administration and then returned to the control value. However, the urinary activities of LDH were not changed in acute treatment. In subacute treatment, although the urinary activities of NAG were not changed, those of AAP and ${\gamma}$-GT were significantly increased 2.3 times at 3 days during the subacute administration. Also the urinary activities of LDH were significantly increased at 7 day after the administration. These results indicate that the high and subacute administration might induce a damage in the kidney cells. Furthermore the present results suggest that the toxic effects of CK-15 might be due to the accumulation of the metabolites.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 1999

Microbial populations of total aerobic bacteria and coliforming bacteria, TBA, Hunter's color value, heme pigments, muscle protein solubility, cooking loss and shear force were investigated fro evaluating the shelf life of chicken legs gamma-irradiated at doses of 1, 3, 5 and 10 kGy with air-contained and vacuum-packaged methods. The initial microbial populations decreased with gamma irradiation depending upon the dose, and microorganisms in the vacuum-packaged samples were inhibited more than those in the air-contained samples. Hunter's L and a values of the surface and inside of the legs increased by gamma irradiation, showing a bright red color and the red color was maintained during the storage of both samples. The concentrations of oxymyoglobin among the heme pigments increased by gamma irradiation. Muscle protein solubility slightly increased by increasing the applied dose. There were no significant differences in the cooking loss and shear force values. In conclusion, the combination of gamma irradiation and vacuum-packaging could extend the shelf life of chilled chicken without deterioration of the quality.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 1964

The sensitivities of Chlorella ellipsoidea to ${\gamma}$-ray from Cobalt-60 were determined by measuring the photosynthetic and respiratory activities and the changes in phosphate contents in various fractions of the irradited cells, which were further grown in a standard medium after irradiation, were compared to those of non-irradiated normal cells. The photosynthetic and repiratory activities of the cells were almost inversely proportional to the dose of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated and the photosynthetic activity was more sensitive than the respiratory activity of the cells. The most sensitive to ${\gamma}$-ray was growth activity, followed by photosynthesis, exogenous and endogenous respirations of the cells in decreasing order. Chlorella cells were so resistant to ${\gamma}$-ray comapred with other organisms that about 280,000 r dose of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiaton was necessary to reduce as much as half the subsequent photosynthetic activity. When the irradiated algae were further cultured in a standard medium, the phosphate contents in the fraction of DNA, RNA and phosphoprotein decreased considerably compared with those of non-irradiated normal cells, while the phosphate contents in the fraction of polyphosphates increased than those of control. Therefore, it was deduced that ${\gamma}$-ray inhibited the synthesis of DNA from polyphosphates, that the growth of Chlorella cells were consequently retarded.