• 제목/요약/키워드: 13D05

검색결과 1,012건 처리시간 0.04초

The Effect of Source of Dietary Fiber and Starch on Ileal and Fecal Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

  • Wang, J.F.;Wang, M.;Lin, D.G.;Jensen, B.B.;Zhu, Yaohong
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권7호
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    • pp.1040-1046
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    • 2006
  • Studies were carried out with a repeated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with eight cannulated pigs fed four experimental diets to investigate the effect of dietary fiber and starch sources on apparent ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility. Each period lasted 15 d, with diet acclimation from d 1 to 7, feces collection for 48 h on d 8 to 9 and ileal sample collection for 12 h on d 13 to 15. The four experimental diets consisted mainly of cooked rice with the addition of protein sources (CON), partial replacement of cooked rice with either potato starch (PS), sugar beet pulp (SBP) or wheat bran (WB). Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. With the exception of histidine, lysine and tryptophan, no differences were observed in the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids between diets. The inclusion of potato starch did not affect the ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility. In comparison with diet CON, a decreased (p<0.05) ileal digestibility of histidine was found in pigs fed diet SBP, while the ileal digestibilities of histidine, lysine and tryptophan were decreased (p<0.05) by the inclusion of wheat bran. Inclusion of fiber sources (sugar beet pulp and wheat bran) caused a reduction (p<0.05) in the fecal amino acid digestibility and the net disappearance of amino acids in the large intestine. Of the indispensable amino acids, there was a 'net synthesis' for methionine in the large intestine of pigs when diets were supplemented with dietary fiber. The decrease in fecal amino acid digestibility with the addition of dietary fiber indicates an increase in the synthesis of bacterial protein in the large intestine.

Influence of age and type of feed ingredients on apparent and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens

  • Su Hyun, An;Changsu, Kong
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제64권4호
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    • pp.740-751
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    • 2022
  • Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of bird age on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) for 10-d-old Experiment (Exp. 1) and 22-d-old (Exp. 2) male broilers. This study investigated the effects of different broiler ages and feed ingredients on AID and SID of AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Four hundred and eighty (age = 7 d; initial body weight [BW] = 173.4 ± 12.65 g) and 192 (age = 18 d; initial BW = 772.2 ± 62.13 g) birds were allocated to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with eight replicate cages per treatment. Two diets were formulated based on corn or SBM as the sole source of AA in the diet. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. Experimental diets were given for 3 and 4 days in Exps. 1 and 2, respectively. An interaction was observed (p < 0.05) between the age of birds and the type of ingredient for the AID of most AA, except for methionine, valine, cysteine (Cys), and tyrosine; however, the effects of age and type of ingredients were diminished in the SID of AA, except for histidine, isoleucine, leucine (Leu), phenylalanine, alanine (Ala), and glutamic acid (Glu). The AID of AA, except for Leu and Cys and the SID of AA, except for Leu, Ala, Glu, and Pro in SBM were greater (p < 0.05) than in corn. As the age of birds increased from 10 to 22 d, digestibility of all AA increased (p < 0.05), regardless of the expression of AA digestibility (i.e., AID and SID). In conclusion, the AID and SID of AA in both corn and SBM increased with increasing age, and the AID and SID of AA in SBM were greater than in corn.

가와사끼병에서 부신 안드로겐과 코티솔의 변화 (A Change of Adrenal Androgen and Cortisol in Kawasaki Disease)

  • 리선희;유재홍;길홍량
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.654-658
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    • 2002
  • 목 적 : 내분비계와 면역계는 상호 의존적이며 여기에는 부신의 역할 특히 dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)와 코티솔 사이의 균형이 중요한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이들은 T 세포 분화 과정 및 이와 관련된 인터루킨들의 유도작용에 길항 효과를 나타낸다. 따라서 저자들은 T 세포 면역 장애와 관련된 가와사끼병에서 부신 안드로겐과 코티솔의 역할을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 4월부터 8월까지 가와사끼병으로 진단된 14명과 자가면역성질환의 병력이 없는 대조군을 대상으로 혈중 DHEAS와 24시간 동안 채집한 소변에서 유리 코티솔 농도를 방사면역측정법으로 검사하였다. 검체는 면역글로불린과 스테로이드를 투여하기 전에 채취하였으며, 가와사끼병의 임상적 중등도는 Harada 점수와 심초음파에 의한 심혈관계 병변을 근거로 하였다. 결 과 : 1) 환자군은 4개월에서 4세 사이로 평균 연령은 2.3세, 연령 분포는 1세 미만이 3명(21.4%), 1-2세 2명(14.3%), 2-3세 5명(35.7%), 3-4세 4명(28.6%)이었으며, 남녀 비는 1 : 1.3이었다. 2) DHEAS치는 환자군에서 $11.1{\pm}6.0{\mu}g/dL$, 대조군에서 $81.6{\pm}13.3{\mu}g/dL$로 환자군에서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 3) 24시간 소변 유리 코티솔(F)치는 환자군에서 $36.9{\pm}21.9{\mu}g/dL$, 대조군에서 $13.6{\pm}5.5{\mu}g/dL$로 환자군에서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 4) DHEAS/F 비율은 환자군 $0.33{\pm}0.20$, 대조군 $6.65{\pm}2.56$으로 환자군에서 현저히 감소하였으나(P=0.016), 연령 및 성별에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 5) 가와사끼병에서 임상적 중등도의 지표인 Harada 점수와 DHEAS/F 비율 사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 심혈관계 병변(관상동 맥류)이 발생하였던 환아에서 그 비율이 매우 낮았다. 결 론: 가와사끼병에서는 부신호르몬의 균형에 변화가 발생하며, 이것이 가와사끼병의 병인인 T 세포 면역장애와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각되며, 또한 관상 동맥 합병증의 예측인자의 하나로서 DHEAS/F 비율을 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Effect of Restricted Feed Intake on Early Reproductive Development in Large White Gilts

  • Gaughan, John B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권11호
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    • pp.1534-1541
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    • 2001
  • Forty-five Large White gilts were used to study the effect of energy intake from 28 to 176 d of age on body composition and reproductive development. From 28 to 60 d, the gilts were fed ad libitum a 16.6 MJ DE/kg, 24% crude protein and 1.3% total lysine diet. From 61 d of age three dietary treatments were used; 1) ad libitum access to feed (15.6 MJ DE/kg, 21% crude protein and 1.07% total lysine) (H), 2) feed offered at 75% (M) of the previous days intake of H, and 3) feed offered at 60% (L) of the previous days intake of H. ADG from 61 to 176 d of age was (p<0.05) affected by treatment. Although live weight at 176 d of age did not differ (p>0.1) the H gilts had higher (p<0.08) carcass weights than the M or L gilts. Back fat depths were similar (p>0.1) for all treatments at 115 d of age, however by 176 d of age M and H gilts were fatter (p<0.1) than L gilts. The mean lipid deposition (LD) from 115 to 176 d of age for L gilts (78.9 g/d) was less (p<0.05) than for M gilts (143.6 g/d) and H gilts (135.6 g/d). There were no differences between treatments for protein deposition (PD) over the same period. More (p<0.05) H gilts (n=8) attained puberty (first observed estrus) than either M gilts or L gilts (n=4 for both). Follicle numbers were similar (p>0.1) across treatments. For gilts that attained puberty, H gilts had fewer (p<0.05) follicles (13.5) than M gilts (19.7) and L gilts (21.3). For gilts with follicular development, H gilts had the heaviest (458.7 g) reproductive tract weight (RTW). However, for those that attained puberty, L gilts had the heaviest RTW. RTW were lowest for those with no follicular development. Energy restriction had a negative impact on puberty attainment, i.e. it took longer to reach puberty. However, for gilts that attained puberty, the number of follicles was greater for those on r feed intakes. It would appear that rate of fat deposition, but not necessarily the total amount of fat, plays an important role in puberty attainment.

Comparison of Drying Yield, Meat Quality, Oxidation Stability and Sensory Properties of Bone-in Shell Loin Cut by Different Dry-aging Conditions

  • Cho, Soohyun;Kang, Sun-Moon;Kim, Yun-Seok;Kim, Young-Chun;Ba, Hoa Van;Seo, Hyun-Woo;Lee, Eun-Mi;Seong, Pil-Nam;Kim, Jin-Hyoung
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.1131-1143
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    • 2018
  • This study aimed to investigate the drying yield, meat quality, oxidation stability and sensory properties of Hanwoo beef loin subjected to different dry-aging conditions. A total of 54 Hanwoo beef loins (bone-in, $6^{th}-13^{th}$ ribs) with fat cover at 2 d postmortem were assigned to four groups and hung in a dry-aging room at a controlled temperature ($2^{\circ}C-4^{\circ}C$), humidity (65%-85%) and air velocity (3 m/s). Four treatment conditions were tested; the respective temperature, humidity and treatment duration are as follows: T1, $2^{\circ}C$, 85%, 60 d; T2, $2^{\circ}C$, 65%, $20d+2^{\circ}C$, 75%, $20d+4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 20 d; T3, $2^{\circ}C$, 75%, $20d+4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 40 d; T4, $4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 60 d. The drying yield, total aerobic counts and fat contents increased, whereas the moisture content, meat color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$), and Warner-Bratzler shear force values decreased significantly during the aging period for all treatments (p<0.05). The cooking loss (%) did not change significantly until 40 d, and it was significantly higher in T1 and T4 than in T2 and T3 at 60 d (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity, pH and lipid oxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values] increased during aging (p<0.05). The sensory scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability of dry-aged loin muscles increased as the aging period increased. T2 and T3 had significantly higher sensory scores and T1 had significantly lower scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability at 20, 40, and 60 d for loin muscles (p<0.05).

실내·외 보행환경의 변화가 40대와 노인의 보행속도와 다리 근활성도에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Changes in the Indoor and Outdoor Environmental on the Walking Speed and Lower Extremity Muscle Activities in People Aged Forty and Older than Seventy Years)

  • 이준영;김택훈
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.139-148
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    • 2018
  • PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of indoor and outdoor environmental changes on the activity of the major lower limb muscles and walking factors in people 40-50 years and those aged older than 70 years. METHODS: Ten middle-aged people in their forties (age:$44.2{\pm}2.7$, BMI:$21.8{\pm}1.8$) and 10 elderly aged more than 70 years (age:$76.4{\pm}5.9$, BMI:$22.2{\pm}1.9$) with a normal walking ability were included. The participants walked 100 m both indoors and outdoors at their own speed. Using a 3D motion analyzer and EMG, the walking speed, angle of the ankle and activity changes of the lower limb muscles were compared. RESULTS: Significant differences in walking speed and peak-plantar flexion angle were observed between the two groups (p<.05). The muscular activity of the gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) was significantly different outdoors in the swing phase between the two groups (p<.05). In the people aged in their forties, the muscular activity of the rectus femoris (RF) was significantly higher outdoors than indoors (p<.05). In the elderly, however, the muscular activity of the RF was lower outdoors than indoors (p<.05). When compared to those in there forties, the muscular activity of the outdoor RF significantly decreased in the elderly group (P<.05). The muscular activity of the biceps femoris (BF) in the elderly decreased significantly outdoors compared to indoors (p<.05). CONCLUSION: For the elderly, increasing the exposure to the new environments or focusing on the performance of repeated movements for gradual speed control and precise movements is required to maintain normal gaits and movements that are less affected by environmental changes.

해수의 광학적 성질에 관한 연구 ( IV ) - 한국남해안 - (Optical Properties of Sea Water ( IV ) - Coastal Waters of Southern Part of Korea -)

  • 양용림
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.37-41
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    • 1978
  • Optical properties were studied in the costal waters of the southern part of Korea based on twenty oceanographic stations from 1 st to 9 th February, 1977. Submarine daylight intensity was measured by using an underwater luxmeter (Toshiba No.9). Daylight intensity in the upper 30m depth layer was measured at 1 m depth interval. The absorption coefficient of the sea water in the area ranged from 0.101 to 2.539 (mean 0.578). The Secchi-disc depth in the area ranged from 0.8 to 13 meters (mean 5.33 meters). The relationship between absorption coefficient (K) and transparency (D) was k= 1. 704/ D. The mean water color in the area was 5. 75 (3-9) in Forel scales. The rates of light penetration for daylight at 1m layer in the area ranged from 13.18 to 82. 05% and the mean was 59.56%, while the rate at 5m layer ranged from 0.007 to 46.1% and the mean was 18.47%.

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Compact Metamaterial-Based Tunable Zeroth-Order Resonant Antenna with Chip Variable Capacitor

  • Jung, Youn-Kwon;Lee, Bomson
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.189-191
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    • 2013
  • This letter presents a compact metamaterial-based tunable zeroth-order resonant antenna. It is based on the double-negative unit cell with a function of tunable inductance realized by a varactor and impedance convertor in the shunt branch. The resonant frequency of the designed antenna ranges from 2.31 to 3.08 GHz, depending on the capacitance of the used varactor. Its size is very compact ($0.05{\lambda}_0{\times}0.2{\lambda}_0$) with a relatively wide tunable range of 29.1%. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is from 20 to 50 MHz for the resonant center frequency. The measured maximum total realized gain is from -0.68 dBi (2.43 GHz) to 1.69 dBi (2.97 GHz). The EM-simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

깊이의 식과 토르 게임에 대하여 (On Depth Formula and Tor Game)

  • 최상기
    • 한국수학사학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2004
  • 힐베르트 시지지 정리와 그에 따른 분해에서 호몰로지 대수의 흔적을 찾을 수 있다. 1950년대에 이르러 대수 위상의 발달과 함께 그의 이론적인 도구로서 호몰로지 대수의 실질적인 시작을 볼 수 있다. 1956년 쎄레는 정칙 국소환의 대역적 차원이 유한하다는 것을 증명하였는데, 이 정리는 호모로지 대수적인 문제 풀이에서 근본적인 도구를 제공하고 있다. 호모로지 대수에서 토르를 구하고 그의 깊이를 계산하는 것은 어려운 문제인데, 이 논문에서는 1961년 오슬랜더가 제시한 토르 가군의 깊이에 관한 문제와 그에 따른 토르 게임(Tor game)에 대하여 논하고자 한다.

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마커 자동 인식 향상 방법에 관한 연구 (The study for improve a method of Marker auto- identification)

  • 이현섭
    • 한국운동역학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.23-38
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study is to develop an improved marker auto-identification algorithm for reduce of data processing time through improve the efficiency of noise elimination and marker separation. The maker auto-identification algorithm was programming named KUMAS used Delphi language. For the study, various experiments were conducted for the verification of KUMAS. and compared two systems of established with the KUMAS. Four different motions - cycling, gait, rotation, and pendulum -, were selected and tested. Motions were filmed 30Hz frames rate per second. ${\chi}^2$ used for statistical analysis. Significant level were ${\alpha}=.05$. The test results were as follow. 1. Increased the success ratio of marker auto-identification. 2. The efficiency of marker auto-identification was remarkably improved through marker separation, noise elimination. 3. The marker auto-identification ability was improved in 2D-image plane include the 3D motion. 4. Significant different were found between KUMAS and B-SYS(established system) with non-input the artificial noise frames, input the artificial noise frames and total frames.