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A New White Wheat Variety, "Hanbaek" with Good Noodle Quality, High Yield and Resistant to Winter Hardiness (내한 다수성 백립계 제면용 밀 신품종 "한백밀")

  • Park, Chlul-Soo;Heo, Hwa-Young;Kang, Moon-Suk;Kim, Hong-Sik;Park, Hyung-Ho;Park, Jong-Chul;Kang, Chon-Sik;Kim, Hag-Sin;Cheong, Young-Keun;Park, Ki-Hun
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.130-136
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    • 2009
  • "Hanbaek", a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross "Shan7859/Keumkang"//"Guamuehill" during 1996. "Hanbaek" was evaluated as "Iksan314" in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2005. It was tested in the regional yield trial between 2006 and 2008. "Hanbaek" is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of "Hanbaek" were similar to that of "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Hanbaek" were 89 cm and 9.0 cm, which longer culm length and spike length than "Keumkang" (80 cm and 7.9 cm, respectively). "Hanbaek" had lower test weight (797 g) and higher 1,000-grain weight (47.7 g) than "Keumkang" (813 g and 44.9 g, respectively). "Hanbaek" showed resistance to winter hardiness and susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the high ridge (4.4%) and higher rate of pre-harvest sprouting (47.9%) than "Keumkang" (21.9% and 30.4%, respectively). "Hanbaek" had similar flour yield (74.4%) to "Keumkang" (74.1%) and higher ash content (0.45%) than "Keumkang" (0.42%). "Hanbaek" showed lower lightness (89.13) and similar redness and yellowness (-0.87 and 10.93) in flour color than "Keumkang" (90.02, -1.23 and 9.28, respectively). It showed similar protein content (12.8%) SDS-sedimentation volume (63.0 ml) and gluten content (10.8%) to those of "Keumkang" (11.9%, 62.3 ml and 10.2%, respectively). It showed lower water absorption (59.6%) and mixing time (3.8 min) in mixograph and higher fermentation volume (1,350 ml) than those of "Keumkang" (60.6%, 4.7 min and 1,290 ml, respectively). Amylose content and pasting properties of "Hanbaek " were similar to those of "Keumkang". "Hanbaek" showed same compositions in high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, 2*, 13+16, 2+12), granule bound starch synthase (Wx-A1a, Wx-B1a, and Wx-D1a) and puroindolines (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b) compared to "Keumkang". "Hanbaek" showed lower hardness (4.22N) and similar springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.94 and 0.63) to those of "Keumkang" (4.65N, 0.93 and 0.64, respectively). Average yield of "Hanbaek" in the regional adaptation yield trial was 5.98 MT/ha in upland and 5.05 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 8% and 6% higher than those of "Keumkang" (5.55 MT/ha and 4.77 MT/ha, respectively). "Hanbaek" would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

The Precision Test Based on States of Bone Mineral Density (골밀도 상태에 따른 검사자의 재현성 평가)

  • Yoo, Jae-Sook;Kim, Eun-Hye;Kim, Ho-Seong;Shin, Sang-Ki;Cho, Si-Man
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: ISCD (International Society for Clinical Densitometry) requests that users perform mandatory Precision test to raise their quality even though there is no recommendation about patient selection for the test. Thus, we investigated the effect on precision test by measuring reproducibility of 3 bone density groups (normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis). Materials and Methods: 4 users performed precision test with 420 patients (age: $57.8{\pm}9.02$) for BMD in Asan Medical Center (JAN-2008 ~ JUN-2008). In first group (A), 4 users selected 30 patient respectively regardless of bone density condition and measured 2 part (L-spine, femur) in twice. In second group (B), 4 users measured bone density of 10 patients respectively in the same manner of first group (A) users but dividing patient into 3 stages (normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis). In third group (C), 2 users measured 30 patients respectively in the same manner of first group (A) users considering bone density condition. We used GE Lunar Prodigy Advance (Encore. V11.4) and analyzed the result by comparing %CV to LSC using precision tool from ISCD. Check back was done using SPSS. Results: In group A, the %CV calculated by 4 users (a, b, c, d) were 1.16, 1.01, 1.19, 0.65 g/$cm^2$ in L-spine and 0.69, 0.58, 0.97, 0.47 g/$cm^2$ in femur. In group B, the %CV calculated by 4 users (a, b, c, d) were 1.01, 1.19, 0.83, 1.37 g/$cm^2$ in L-spine and 1.03, 0.54, 0.69, 0.58 g/$cm^2$ in femur. When comparing results (group A, B), we found no considerable differences. In group C, the user_1's %CV of normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis were 1.26, 0.94, 0.94 g/$cm^2$ in L-spine and 0.94, 0.79, 1.01 g/$cm^2$ in femur. And the user_2's %CV were 0.97, 0.83, 0.72 g/$cm^2$ L-spine and 0.65, 0.65, 1.05 g/$cm^2$ in femur. When analyzing the result, we figured out that the difference of reproducibility was almost not found but the differences of two users' several result values have effect on total reproducibility. Conclusions: Precision test is a important factor of bone density follow up. When Machine and user's reproducibility is getting better, it’s useful in clinics because of low range of deviation. Users have to check machine's reproducibility before the test and keep the same mind doing BMD test for patient. In precision test, the difference of measured value is usually found for ROI change caused by patient position. In case of osteoporosis patient, there is difficult to make initial ROI accurately more than normal and osteopenia patient due to lack of bone recognition even though ROI is made automatically by computer software. However, initial ROI is very important and users have to make coherent ROI because we use ROI Copy function in a follow up. In this study, we performed precision test considering bone density condition and found LSC value was stayed within 3%. There was no considerable difference. Thus, patient selection could be done regardless of bone density condition.

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Estimation of Parameters for Individual Growth Curves of Cows in Bostaurus Coreanae (한우 암소의 개체별 성장곡선 모수 추정)

  • Lee, C.W.;Choi, J.G.;Jeon, G.J.;Na, K.J.;Lee, C.;Hwang, J.M.;Kim, B.W.;Kim, J.B.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.689-694
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    • 2003
  • Weight records of Hanwoo cows from birth to 36 months of age collected in Daekwanryeong branch, National Livestock Research Institute(NLRI) were fitted to Gompertz, von Bertalanffy and Logistic functions. For the growth curve parameters fitted on individual records using Gompertz model, the mean estimates of mature weight(A), growth ratio(b) and growth rate(k) were 383.42 ${\pm}$ 97.29kg, 2.374 ${\pm}$ 0.340 and 0.0037 ${\pm}$ 0.0012, respectively, and mean estimates of body weight, age and daily gain rate at inflection were 141.05 ${\pm}$ 35.79kg, 255.63 ${\pm}$ 109.09 day and 0.500 ${\pm}$ 0.123kg, respectively. For von BertalanfTy model, the mean estimates of A, b and k were 410.47 ${\pm}$ 117.98kg, 0.575${\pm}$0.057 and 0.003 ${\pm}$ 0.001, and mean estimates of body weight, age and daily gain at inflection were 121.62 ${\pm}$ 34.94kg, 211.02 ${\pm}$ 105.53 and 0.504 ${\pm}$ O.l24kg. For Logistic model, the mean estimates of A, b and k were 347.64 ${\pm}$ 97.29kg, 6.73 ${\pm}$ 0.34 and 0.006 ${\pm}$ 0.0018, and mean estimates of body weight, age and daily gain at inflection were 173.82 ${\pm}$ 37.25kg, 324.47 ${\pm}$ 126.85 and 0.508 ${\pm}$ 0.131kg. Coefficients of variation for the A, b and k parameter estimates were 25.3%, 14.3% and 32.4%, respectively, for Gompertz model, 28.70/0, 9.9% and 33.3% for von Bertalanffy model, and 27.9°/0, 5.0% and 30.0% for Logistic model.

Cardioprotective Effect of Calcium Preconditioning and Its Relation to Protein Kinase C in Isolated Perfused Rabbit Heart (적출관류 토끼 심장에서 칼슘 전처치에 의한 심근보호 효과와 Protein Kinase C와의 관계)

  • 김용한;손동섭;조대윤;양기민;김호덕
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.32 no.7
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    • pp.603-612
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    • 1999
  • Background : It has been documented that brief repetitive periods of ischemia and reperfusion (ischemic preconditioning, IP) enhances the recovery of post-ischemic contractile function and reduces infarct size after a longer period of ischemia. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain this process. Recent studies have suggested that transient increase in the intracellular calcium may have triggered the activation of protein kinase C(PKC); however, there are still many controversies. Accordingly, the author performed the present study to test the hypothesis that preconditioning with high concentration of calcium before sustained subsequent ischemia(calcium preconditioning) mimics IP by PKC activation. Material and Method : The isolated hearts from the New Zealand White rabbits(1.5∼2.0 kg body weight) Method: The isolated hearts from the New Zealand White rabbits(1.5∼2.0 kg body weight) were perfused with Tyrode solution by Langendorff technique. After stabilization of baseline hemodynamics, the hearts were subjected to 45-minute global ischemia followed by a 120-minute reperfusion with IP(IP group, n=13) or without IP(ischemic control, n=10). IP was induced by single episode of 5-minute global ischemia and 10-minute reperfusion. In the Ca2+ preconditioned group, perfusate containing 10(n=10) or 20 mM(n=11) CaCl2 was perfused for 10 minutes after 5-minute ischemia followed by a 45-minute global ischemia and a 120-minute reperfusion. Baseline PKC was measured after 50-minute perfusion without any treatment(n=5). Left ventricular function including developed pressure(LVDP), dP/dt, heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP) and coronary flow(CF) was measured. Myo car ial cytosolic and membrane PKC activities were measured by 32P-${\gamma}$-ATP incorporation into PKC-specific pepetide. The infarct size was determined using the TTC (tetrazolium salt) staining and planimetry. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) variance(ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test. Result: IP increased the functional recovery including LVDP, dP/dt and CF(p<0.05) and lowered the ascending range of LVEDP(p<0.05); it also reduced the infarct size from 38% to 20%(p<0.05). In both of the Ca2+ preconditioned group, functional recovery was not significantly different in comparison with the ischemic control, however, the infarct size was reduced to 19∼23%(p<0.05). In comparison with the baseline(7.31 0.31 nmol/g tissue), the activities of the cytosolic PKC tended to decrease in both the IP and Ca2+ preconditioned groups, particularly in the 10 mM Ca2+ preconditioned group(4.19 0.39 nmol/g tissue, p<0.01); the activity of membrane PKC was significantly increased in both IP and 10 mM Ca2+ preconditioned group (p<0.05; 1.84 0.21, 4.00 0.14, and 4.02 0.70 nmol/g tissue in the baseline, IP, and 10 mM Ca2+ preconditioned group, respectively). However, the activity of both PKC fractions were not significantly different between the baseline and the ischemic control. Conclusion: These results indicate that in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart model, calcium preconditioning with high concentration of calcium does not improve post-ischemic functional recovery. However, it does have an effect of limiting(reducing) the infart size by ischemic preconditioning, and this cardioprotective effect, at least in part, may have resulted from the activation of PKC by calcium which acts as a messenger(or trigger) to activate membrane PKC.

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Effects of Fermented Red Ginseng Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (발효홍삼이 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 혈당 및 인슐린저항성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hey-Ok;Park, Min-Jung;Han, Ji-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.696-703
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    • 2011
  • We performed a randomized placebo-controlled trial to determine whether or not fermented red ginseng supplementation modulates blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 38 patients were randomized to either a fermented red ginseng group or placebo group. The patients in the experimental or placebo group consumed 780 mg of fermented red ginseng or cellulose supplement per day for 12 weeks, respectively. Lifestyle factors and dietary intakes of the patients were not altered during the 12-weeks period. In the fermented red ginseng group after 12 weeks, the fasting blood glucose levels were significantly decreased ($136.29{\pm}16.45$ mg/dL to $127.71{\pm}17.74$ mg/dL) and $HbA_1c$ was also decreased. Especially, high HbA1c (HbA1c $\geq$8%, $8.45{\pm}0.56%$ to $7.82{\pm}0.53%$) was significantly decreased compared to low HbA1c (HbA1c <8%, $6.71{\pm}0.85%$ to $6.44{\pm}0.49%$) in the fermented red ginseng group. Serum low-density lipoprotein was slightly decreased in the fermented red ginseng group compared to the placebo group. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance was significantly reduced in the fermented red ginseng group compared to the placebo group. These results suggest that fermented red ginseng supplementation could be helpful to reduce blood glucose by improving insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.

Effects of Herb-Mix Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Serum Growth Hormone in Weaned Pigs

  • Park, K.M.;Han, Y.K.;Park, K.W.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.791-794
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    • 2000
  • Two hundred sixteen crossbred ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) castrates with an average weight of $7.4{\pm}0.3kg$ were used in a $3{\times}3$ factorial treatment array. The treatments were three levels of Herb mixture (HM; 0, 0.40 and 0.80 g/kg BW/day) and three levels of dietary nutrient (17.30% CP, Level-1; 17.90% CP, Level-2; and 18.50% CP, Level-3). The influence of HM intake and nutrient level on growth performance and ADG in 0.40- and 0.80-HM pigs increased significantly (p<0.01) as nutritional level was elevated. Although very little enhancement of ADG was observed at Level-1, peak ADG occurred in 0.8-HM treated pigs at Level-3. Feeding of 0.80 g HM/kg/d to pigs consuming Level-1 diet resulted in a 8.7% increase in ADG compared with control pigs, whereas the increase in ADG as a result of 0.80-HM with Level-3 treatment was 39%. ADFI in Level-2 pigs improved linearly (p<0.01) as HM level was increased. Treatment with HM resulted in a 12.0% increase ranging 4.7 to 20% in the ADFI compared with respective controls. ADFI at all nutritional level was significantly higher in 0.80-HM pigs (p<0.02). F/G in Level-2 pigs improved significantly as HM was fed (p<0.01), and in HM-0.80 pigs was also significantly improved as nutritional level was increased (p<0.05). Pigs fed HM had higher bone mineral density (BMD) at Level-1, longer dorsal spine length (DSL) at level-2 (p<0.05) than pigs fed basal diets. Pigs fed HM tended to higher BMD and DSL than those fed basal diets. The level of GH secretion declined with age. There was no difference between treatments (p>0.05) in the serum growth hormone at the same age. The GH was higher in pigs fed HM than those fed basal diets and increased in all pigs after 2wks feeding. A positive effect of added Herb-Mix on growth performance in weaned pigs was demonstrated by measuring the serum growth hormone, bone mineral density and length of dorsal spine.

Association between PON1 Gene SNPs and Growth and Carcass Traits in Beef Cattle

  • Ji, A.G.;Huai, Y.H.;Zhou, Z.K.;Li, Y.J.;Zhang, L.P.;Xu, S.Z.;Gao, X.;Ren, H.Y.;Chen, J.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.21 no.8
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    • pp.1097-1102
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    • 2008
  • Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), like lipoprotein lipase (LPL), plays a key role in the metabolism and physiology of mammalian growth. The objectives of this study were to estimate the allele and genotype frequencies at the PON1/EcoRV and PON1/AluI loci in three genetic groups of beef cattle and to determine associations between these polymorphisms and growth and carcass traits. Genotyping was performed on 30 Angus, 32 Hereford and 26 Simmental. The association analysis was carried out using the GLM procedure of SAS 9.1 and the least squares means of the genotypes were compared by the Tukey's test. Animals with AG genotype at the PON1/EcoRV locus had higher weight at the time of entry into the fattening corrals ($329.97{\pm}6.08kg$) and close to the time of slaughter ($577.56{\pm}8.32kg$) and net meat weight ($275.89{\pm}4.05kg$) and fitted tenderness ($3.10{\pm}0.19kg$) (p<0.05). Animals with AA genotype at the PON1/AluI locus had higher weight at the time of entry ($333.37{\pm}8.93kg$) and slaughter ($576.82{\pm}13.18kg$) and net meat weight ($275.49{\pm}6.43kg$) and average daily gain ($0.68{\pm}0.02kg/d$) (p<0.05). The meat color score was also significantly higher (p<0.05). Between genotypes and breeds, there were significant differences observed except for TBW, REMG, MBS, REA and MCS. As a metabolism gene, genotypes of the SNPs of PON1 gene might be reflecting BFT directly, such as $A_eA_eG_aG_a$ genotype in this experiment.

Evaluation of Genome Based Estimated Breeding Values for Meat Quality in a Berkshire Population Using High Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Chips

  • Baby, S.;Hyeong, K.E.;Lee, Y.M.;Jung, J.H.;Oh, D.Y.;Nam, K.C.;Kim, T.H.;Lee, H.K.;Kim, Jong-Joo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.27 no.11
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    • pp.1540-1547
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    • 2014
  • The accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) was evaluated for sixteen meat quality traits in a Berkshire population (n = 1,191) that was collected from Dasan breeding farm, Namwon, Korea. The animals were genotyped with the Illumina porcine 62 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) bead chips, in which a set of 36,605 SNPs were available after quality control tests. Two methods were applied to evaluate GEBV accuracies, i.e. genome based linear unbiased prediction method (GBLUP) and Bayes B, using ASREML 3.0 and Gensel 4.0 software, respectively. The traits composed different sets of training (both genotypes and phenotypes) and testing (genotypes only) data. Under the GBLUP model, the GEBV accuracies for the training data ranged from $0.42{\pm}0.08$ for collagen to $0.75{\pm}0.02$ for water holding capacity with an average of $0.65{\pm}0.04$ across all the traits. Under the Bayes B model, the GEBV accuracy ranged from $0.10{\pm}0.14$ for National Pork Producers Council (NPCC) marbling score to $0.76{\pm}0.04$ for drip loss, with an average of $0.49{\pm}0.10$. For the testing samples, the GEBV accuracy had an average of $0.46{\pm}0.10$ under the GBLUP model, ranging from $0.20{\pm}0.18$ for protein to $0.65{\pm}0.06$ for drip loss. Under the Bayes B model, the GEBV accuracy ranged from $0.04{\pm}0.09$ for NPCC marbling score to $0.72{\pm}0.05$ for drip loss with an average of $0.38{\pm}0.13$. The GEBV accuracy increased with the size of the training data and heritability. In general, the GEBV accuracies under the Bayes B model were lower than under the GBLUP model, especially when the training sample size was small. Our results suggest that a much greater training sample size is needed to get better GEBV accuracies for the testing samples.

Acoustic analysis on the shape of gill-net in the current (자망의 수중형상에 대한 음향학적 해석)

  • Han, Jin-Seok;Shin, Hyeon-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.116-125
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    • 2007
  • An experiment to acoustically analyze the shape of gill-net in the current was conducted in Jaran Bay, Gosung, Korea on the 9th to 10th September(spring tide) and 28th to 29th September(neap tide) 2006. It was measured by a 3D underwater positioning system with a radio-acoustic linked positioning buoys. Six of 7 acoustic transmitters used in the experiment were attached on the float line of the gill-net and the other was fixed on the sea bed. During spring tide, the maximum movement of the gill-net was 27.0m(22:00) in the west(4.4cm/s, $311.9^{\circ}$) and 20.6m(04:00) in the east(3.9cm/s, $66.5^{\circ}$). The maximum extension of the gill-net(the distance between P1 and P6) was 119.8m(21:00, 11.6cm/s, $321.9^{\circ}$) and the minimum was 109.9m(23:00, 16.1cm/s, $88.5^{\circ}$). During neap tide, the maximum movement was 38.0m(20:00) in the east(9.6cm/s, $278.2^{\circ}$) and 11.0m(12:00) in the west(1.9cm/s, $232.1^{\circ}$). The maximum extension was 99.6m(14:00, 12.5cm/s, $94.7^{\circ}$) and the minimum was 85.0m(06:00, 9.0cm/s, $265.8^{\circ}$). During spring tide, the maximum height of the gill-net from the sea bed was 3.7m(02:00, 7.4cm/s, $151.6^{\circ}$) and the minimum was produced the three times as 1.5m. At that time, the current speed and direction was 17.9cm/s and $85.3^{\circ}$(23:30), 16.1cm/s and $249.4^{\circ}$(05:00), and 13.7cm/s and $291.4^{\circ}$(06:30), respectively. During neap tide, the maximum height was 3.6m(12:30, 2.1cm/s, $242.3^{\circ}$) and the minimum was 1.5m(14:00, 12.5cm/s, $94.7^{\circ}$).

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Exploring the 5'-Regions of Estrogen Receptor-${\alpha}$ Gene and Association With Reproduction Performance and Milk Yield in Hanwoo and Holstein Dairy Cattle (Estrogen Receptor-${\alpha}$ 유전자 5' 영역의 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism의 탐색과 한우와 Holstein에서 번식능력 및 산유능력과의 관계)

  • Yeom, Gyu-Tae;Jeon, Hyang-A;Park, Hae-Geum;Kim, Young Sin;Kim, Hyun;Kim, Jae Hwan;Seong, Hwan-Hoo;Cho, Young Moo;Cho, Jae-Hyeon;Ko, Yeoung-Gyu
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.123-127
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted for SNPs in the 5'-regions of estrogen receptor-${\alpha}$ (ESR-${\alpha}$), and association with calving interval (CI), service per conception (SPC) and 305 days milk yield in Hanwoo and Holstein dairy cattle. The genetic improvement was incurred low reproduction performance. The objective of this study was to investigate connections between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Estrogen receptor-${\alpha}$ (ESR-${\alpha}$) with reproduction performance (calving interval, service per conception, and 305 d milk yield) in Hanwoo and Holstein dairy cattle. Hanwoo and Holstein blood samples were collected from 183 and 124 dam of breeding farms and DNA was extracted. Primer design was based on NCBI GenBank (Accession No. AY340579). The PCR-RFLP method with Bgl I was used to genotype the cattle. The result showed two variants of the ESR-${\alpha}$ gene. The Bgl I cut the 492 bp amplification product into 322 bp and 170 bp fragments for allele G, while allele A remained uncut, resulting in two restriction fragments for homozygote G/G and three fragments for heterozygote A/G. We found two of different genotypes in these breeds, A/G and G/G. In Hanwoo, the A/G genotype frequency was 0.13, and G/G was 0.87. The CI of A/G was $382.18{\pm}10.03$ days, and G/G was $381.69{\pm}5.22$ days. The SPC of A/G was $1.62{\pm}0.16$, and G/G was $1.32{\pm}0.04$. While CI showed no significance difference, SPC exhibited significant difference (p<0.05). In Holstein cattle, the frequency of genotype A/G was 0.02 and G/G was 0.98. The 305 days milk yield of A/G was $7,253.00{\pm}936.00kg$ and of G/G was $8,747.51{\pm}204.88kg$, showing no significant difference.