• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2022

Aptamers are short, chemically synthesized, single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that fold into unique three-dimensional structures. In this study, we aim to determine the antibiofilm activity and binding specificity of the six polyclonal DNA aptamers (S15K3, S15K4, S15K6, S15K13, S15K15, and S15K20) on Staphylococcus aureus BPA-12 and Escherichia coli EPEC 4. Aptamer S15K6 showed the highest percentage of antibiofilm activity against S. aureus BPA-12 (37.4%) as shown by the lowest OD570 value of 0.313. Aptamer S15K20 showed the highest percentage of antibiofilm activity against E. coli EPEC 4 (15.4%) as shown by the lowest OD570 value of 0.515. Aptamers S15K13 and S15K20 showed antibiofilm activities against both S. aureus BPA-12 and E. coli EPEC4, and thus potentially have broad reactivity. Furthermore, based on the binding capacity and Kd values from our previous study, the binding specificity assay of selected polyclonal DNA aptamers (S15K3 and S15K15) against S. aureus BPA-12, E. coli EPEC 4, S. aureus BPA-6, S. agalactiae, E. coli MHA-6, and Listeria monocytogenes were performed using qPCR. Aptamers S15K3 and S15K15 showed specific binding to S. aureus BPA-12, E. coli EPEC 4, S. aureus BPA-6, and S. agalactiae, but could not bind to E. coli MHA-6 and L. monocytogenes. Therefore, this study showed that the polyclonal DNA aptamers have antibiofilm activity and were able to bind to S. aureus BPA-12 and E. coli EPEC 4 bacteria.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2008

The aim of this work was to investigate the fibrinolytic activity and characterization of Bacillus licheniformis HK-12, which produces the fibrinolytic enzyme excreted from naturally fermented Chungkook-Jang. Initially, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain HK-12 was examined. Both physiological analysis using BIOLOG system and phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to identify the strain, and the strain could be assigned to Bacillus licheniformis, designated as B. lichenformis HK-12, and registered in GenBank as [EU288193]. Phylogenetic analysis of B. licheniformis HK-12 was plotted based on 16S rRNA sequence comparisons. During the incubation period of B. licheniformis HK-12, the changes of bacterial growth, fibrinolytic activity, and pH were monitored. As the results, after 36 hours of incubation, the maximum fibinolytic activity was about 2.25 times than that of plasmin used as standard. Optimal conditions on the growth of B. licheniformis HK-12 associated with the fibrinolytic activity was initial pH 7.0 and 40$^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2009

The 26S proteasome is a 2-MDa complex with a central role in protein turn over. The 26S proteasome is comprised of one 20S core particle and two 19S regulatory particles (RPs). The RPN12a protein, a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S RP, was previously shown to be involved in cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis. To further investigate cellular roles of RPN12a, RNAi transgenic plants of RPN12a were constructed. As expected, the 35S:RNAi-RPN12a plants showed cytokinin signaling defective phenotypes, including abnormal formation of leaves and inflorescences. Furthermore, RNAi knock-down transgenic plants exhibited additional unique phenotypes, including concave and heart-shape cotyledons, triple cotyledons, irregular and clustered guard cells, and defects in phyllotaxy, all of which are typical for defective cytokinin signaling. We next examined the mRNA level of cytokinin signaling components, including type-A ARRs, type-B ARRs, and CRFs. The expression of type-A ARRs, encoding negative regulators of cytokinin signaling, was markedly reduced in 35S:RNAi-RPN12a transgenic plants relative to that in wild type plants, while type-B ARRs and CRFs were unaffected. Our results also indicate that in vivo stability of the ARR5 protein, a negative regulator of cytokinin signaling, is mediated by the 26S proteasome complex. These results suggest that RPN12a participates in feedback inhibitory mechanism of cytokinin signaling through modulation of the abundance of ARR5 protein in Arabidopsis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

In this study, psychological assessment was carried out to investigate the driver's psychological characteristics by the change of the headlight. The participants were 20 men and 20 women in their 20s and thirty-two different conditions in combinations of waveform of light, voltage, and alteration time were used. The questionnaire for the assessment was evaluated by 8 subjective item and 5-point SD criteria of 19 pair's adjective. The results were as follows : 1. The assessment results from SD method indicated 4 factors by factor analysis, and it was shown that A waveform had significances in a sense of security and impetus and B waveform had a significance in a sense of security. The levels of the limitations for the voltage change were 12[V] in the factor of a sense of security and 11[V] in the factor of a sense of impetus for A waveform, 12.6[V] in the factor of a sense of security for B waveform. 2. The results of the subjective assessment showed that the limitation of A waveform's brightness change was 12[V]. Moreover, the limitations of voltage changes were 12.67[V] for B waveform brightness change, 12.12[V] for discomfort, 12.71[V] for darkness. And the limitation of C waveform's brightness change was 12[V].

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.141-147
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• 2006

BOK-X12-ARIMA has been developed by the Bank of Korea in order to accomodate special features such as lunar effect, labor day and election effect which are intrinsic in Korean seasonal time series. Irregular component resulting from BOK-X12-ARIMA is usually treated as white noise time series. If this shows dependency structure, it may be advisable to incorporate dependency in irregular component into prediction. This article illustrates how to refine point forecast using dependency structure in irregular component.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.137-141
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• 2004

Many monopropellant thrusters use a catalyst for decompose the propellant, hydrazine. The catalyst directly affects the thruster performances and lifetime. Therefore, it is important to confirm that the catalyst is suitable for our thrusters. Until 2002, we used She1l405 catalyst, for satellite RCS thrusters, and H-IIA and M-V launch vehicle upper-stage RCS thrusters. In 2002, however, Shell Chemical Inc. ceased manufacturing She1l405 catalyst and transferred the product to AEROJET, where it was renamed S405. We subsequently investigated the characteristics of AEROJET's S405 catalyst and SOLVAY's KC12GA catalyst, (SOLVAY is a Belgian chemical company, and KC12GA is used for ASTRIUM's thruster) and conducted thruster firing tests using the new catalysts. After conducting, we confirm that the KC12GA catalyst was suitable for our thrusters, and decided to use KC12GA for two satellite programs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.104-109
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• 2006

Recently, embedding method of a story into a game has gathered much attention than ever. In this study, the 12 phases of Hero's Journey, which was suggested by Joseph Campbell and was highlighted in the area of movies and myths, has been analysed at a point of Christoper Vogler. Since a gamer is not just only a player but also a story-teller in a game, the story experienced by the player enjoying the game was examined and correlated with the 12 phases of Campbell. The game RCT3, a construction/management simulation game ,produced by Atari, was studied. The 12 phases of Campbell was applicable to game story.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

The phylogeny of the family Tephritidae (Diptera: Tephritidae) was reconstructed from mitochondrial 12S, 16S, and COII gene fragments using 87 species, including 79 tephritid and 8 outgroup species. Minimum evolution and Bayesian trees suggested the following phylogenetic relationships: (1) A sister group relationship between Ortalotrypeta and Tachinisca, and their basal phylogenetic position within Tephritidae; (2) a sister group relationship between the tribe Acanthonevrini and Phytalmiini; (3) monophyly of Plioreocepta, Taomyia and an undescribed new genus, and their sister group relationship with the subfamily Tephritinae; (4) a possible sister group relationship of Cephalophysa and Adramini; and (5) reconfirmation of monophyly for Trypetini, Carpomyini, Tephritinae, and Dacinae. The combination of 12S, 16S, and COII data enabled resolution of phylogenetic relationships among the higher taxa of Tephritidae.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.428-437
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• 2007

The potential for humic substances to serve as terminal electron acceptors in microbial respiration and the effects of humic substances on microbial azoreduction were investigated. The dissimilatory azoreducing microorganism Shewanella decolorationis S12 was able to conserve energy to support growth from electron transport to humics coupled to the oxidation of various organic substances or $H_2$. Batch experiments suggested that when the concentration of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS), a humics analog, was lower than 3 mmol/l, azoreduction of strain S12 was accelerated under anaerobic condition. However, there was obvious inhibition to azoreduction when the concentration of the AQS was higher than 5 mmol/l. Another humics analog, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQDS), could still prominently accelerate azoreduction, even when the concentration was up to 12 mmol/l, but the rate of acceleration gradually decreased with the increasing concentration of the AQDS. Toxic experiments revealed that AQS can inhibit growth of strain S12 if the concentration past a critical one, but AQDS had no effect on the metabolism and growth of strain S12 although the concentration was up to 20 mmol/l. These results demonstrated that a low concentration of humic substances not only could serve as the terminal electron acceptors for conserving energy for growth, but also act as redox mediator shuttling electrons for the anaerobic azoreduction by S. decolorationis S12. However, a high concentration of humic substances could inhibit the bacterial azoreduction, resulting on the one hand from the toxic effect on cell metabolism and growth, and on the other hand from competion with azo dyes for electrons as electron acceptor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2725-2729
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• 2015

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and prostate cancer are the most frequent cancers in the male genitourinary tract. Measurement of biological biomarkers may facilitate clinical monitoring and aid early diagnosis of TCC. The aim of the present investigation was to detect the mRNA levels of S100A12 and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) in patients suffering from bladder TCC. Materials and Methods: To explore the involvement of S100A12 and RAGE genes, total RNA was harvested from cancer tissues and samples obtained from normal non-tumorized urothelium of the same patients. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was subsequently employed to determine the mRNA levels of S100A12 and RAGE. Results: The results showed that mRNA expression of S100A12 and RAGE was significantly up-regulated in the cancer tissue. Conclusions: According to the results presented in the current study, mRNA expression of S100A12 and RAGE might be as a useful biomarker for TCC. Therefore, this ligand-receptor axis possibly plays important roles in the development of TCC and may serve either as an early diagnostic marker or as a key factor in monitoring of response to treatment. More research is required concerning inhibition of the S100A12-RAGE axis in different cancer models.