• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.70-84
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• 1994

On the basis of the study intended to research by cross-sectional study keeped pace with semi-longitudinal study the growth accelerating phenomena that MGA(Maximum Growth Age) in teenager's body height. The duration of study is from Oct. 1st. 1991 to September 30 1992 and the data are analysed through computer. The body height and MGA of Koreans who had been for during the period from 1898 to 1973 proved transition of the growth accelerating phenomena by research data reported between 1913 and 1990. The results are as follows: 1. Maximum Growth Age The MGA's in body height of male are respectively the age 15.024 in 1913, 14.28 in 1940, 13.65 in 1959, 13.86 in 1967, 12.52 in 1983, 11.39 in 1987, 12.36 in 1990, while those of female are the age of 12.0 in 1940, 12.36 in 1959, 10.45 in 1969, 11.15 in 1985, 10.27 in 1988, 10.23 in 1990 ; these data show that the MGA of the Korean has been getting younger. 2. The correlation of the MGA's in body height are as below ; Male ; r = -0.448(p<0.01) Female ; r = -0.404(p<0.05) 3. The equation of linear regression of MGA's in body height are as below ; Male ; Y(MGA) = -0.0316X(the year)+75.297 Female ; Y(MGA) = -0.035X(the year)+79.986 4. The MGA's in body height are shown in Table 3. 5. From the transition of the growth accelerating phenomena, we can compute the fact that the MGA's has been getting younger by 0.3 year per 10 years. 6. The future growth accelerating phenomena in body height, the MGA's of male are respectively the age 12.25 in 1995, 12.09 in 2000, 11.94 in 2005, 11.78 in 2010, while those of female are the age of 10.16 in 1995, 9.98 in 2000, 9.81 in 2005, 9.64 in 2010, these data show that the MGA of female are more younger than that of male.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate active constituents of Bombysis corpus on the neurite outgrowth from PC 12 cells led to isolate three new and a known sphingolipids from the n-hexane soluble portion and five amines from the butanol soluble portion of its methanol extract. On the basis of spectroscopic data, their structures have been elucidated as (4E,6E,2S,3R)-2-N-eicosanoyl-4,6-tetradecasphingadienine, (4E,2S,3R)-2-N-eicosanoyl-4-tetradecasphingenine,(4E,6E,2S,3R)-2-N-docosanoyl-4,6-tetradecasphingadienine,(4E,6E,2S,3R)-2-N-docosanoyl-4,6-tetradecasphingadienine,(4E,2S,3R)-2-N-octadecanoyl-4-tetradecasphingenine, 1,7-dimethyl-xanthine, uracil, urea, betaine and tyrosine, respectively. The neurite outgrowth activities of these compounds were examined in PC12 cells by measuring the length of neurites. These compounds promoted neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells significantly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.687-698
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• 1994

The effects of age and dietary fatty acid composition on lipid metabolism were investigated in Sprague-Dawley strain male rats. These animals weighing 88.6$\pm$2.2g were fed 10% dietary fat(W/W, 20% of total energy) with 0.5, 1, 2 P/S ratio and in each P/S ratio there were three different levels of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio ; 2, 4, 8. The experimental period was 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. The results of this study were as follows. The body weight of rats increased rapidly for the first two months, then increased slowly until 7 to 8 months. After 10 months of dietary regimen their weight decreased. The weight of liver, kidney and epidydimal fat pad increased along with the body weight and then decreased in the 12 months. Plasma total lipid increased with age and it decreased significantly when P/S ratio of dietary fatty acid was high. In creased with age and it decreased significantly when P/S ratio of dietary fatty acid was high. In creasing n-3 fatty acid intake in each P/S ratio resulted in lower plasma total lipid although was not statistically significant. The amount of plasma total cholesterol increased at 6 months, but decreased at 12 months. In case of 1, 12 months, increasing P/S ratio significantly plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were decreased and hepatic cholesterol was increased, VLDL-HDL-cholesterol did not changed. The n-6/n-3 ratio did not affect any of theses. The amount of plasma triglyceride and VLDL-triglyceride increased at 6 month then decreased. When the rats consumed higher amount of n-3 fatty acid in each P/S ratio, their plasma triglyceride and hepatic triglyceride increased at 1, 12months.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.394-400
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• 1992

In the isolated 280 Actinomycetes strains, 12 groups of Streptomyces were 87.2% and 3groups of Non-Streptomyces were 12.8%, respectively. Streptomyces with sporophore of the spiral chain form reached to 80% of all the Streptomyces isolates. Surface morphology of spores have been determined with the electron microscope ; two groups have a spiny surface, 10 groups have a smooth surface. Isolated Actinomyceles groups were indentified as Streptomycetes groups and Non-Streptomyces groups. Actinomycetes isolates were selected as the strains having predominant antibacterial activities against the microorganisms among the 15 groups which has antibacterial activities. Selected Actinomycetes isolates showed high antibiotic sensitivity of S-9 strain(8.46 r/ml), S-6 strain(6.23 r/ml), S-2 strain(7.24 r/ml) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27857), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.405-412
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• 2020

Background: Root rot is a serious destructive disease of Panax notoginseng, a famous cultivated araliaceous herb called Sanqi or Tianqi in Southwest China. Methods: The chemical substances of Sanqi rot roots were explored by chromatographic techniques. MS, 1D/2D-NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction were applied to determine the structures. Murine macrophage RAW264.7 and five human cancer cell lines were used separately for evaluating the antiinflammatory and cytotoxic activities. Results and Conclusion: Thirty dammarane-type triterpenes and saponins were isolated from the rot roots of P. notoginseng. Among them, seven triterpenes, namely, 20(S)-dammar-25-ene-24(S)-hydroperoxyl-3β,6α,12β,20-tetrol (1), 20(S)-dammar-3-oxo-23-ene-25-hydroperoxyl-6α,12β,20-triol (2), 20(S)-dammar-12-oxo-23-ene-25-hydroperoxyl-3β,6α,20-triol (3), 20(S)-dammar-3-oxo-23-ene-25-hydroperoxyl-12β,20-diol (4), 20(S),24(R)-epoxy-3,4-seco-dammar-25-hydroxy-12-one-3-oic acid (5), 20(S),24(R)-epoxy-3,4-seco-dammar-25-hydroxy-12-one-3-oic acid methyl ester (6), and 6α-hydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordammar-3,12,20-trione (7), are new compounds. In addition, 12 known ones (12-16 and 19-25) were reported in Sanqi for the first time. The new Compound 1 showed comparable antiinflammatory activity on inhibition of NO production to the positive control, whereas the known compounds 9, 12, 13, and 16 displayed moderate cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines. The results will provide scientific basis for understanding the chemical constituents of Sanqi rot roots and new candidates for searching antiinflammatory and antitumor agents.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.997-1021
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• 2010

This paper compares the two most widely used seasonal adjustment methods: the X-12-ARIMA and TRAMO-SEATS procedures. The basic features of these methods are discussed and compared in both their theoretical and empirical aspects. In doing so, the X-13A-S program is used to reevaluate their applicability to Korean macroeconomic data by considering possible structural breaks in the series. The finding is that both methods provide very reliable and stable estimates of seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted data. As for the empirical comparisons, TRAMO-SEATS appears to outperform X-12-ARIMA, although the results are somewhat mixed depending on the comparison criteria used and on the series under analysis. In particular, the performance of TRAMO-SEATS turns out to compare more favorably when seasonal adjustment is carried out to each sub-samples (by taking possible structural breaks into account) than when the whole sample period is used. The result suggests that as the model-based TRAMO-SEATS has a considerable theoretical appeal, some features of TRAMO-SEATS should further be incorporated into X-12-ARIMA until a standard and integrated procedure is reached by combining the theoretical coherence of TRAMO-SEATS and the empirical usefulness of X-12-ARIMA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.219-225
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• 2004

Following a preceding study if Shin et al.(2004), wave fields for a month if September if 2003 are simulated based on the modified WAM cycle 4 model that enables the precise wave hindcasting with fine spatial meshes, and characteristics of extreme waves at the south roast if Koreo are analyzed The accuracy if applied wave model is verified by comparing computed wave parameters and corresponding ones measured at Ieodo ocean research station. The wave hindasting if typhoon 'Maemi' with an hour time interval reveals the extreme wave characteristics at 4 primary locations if south coast of Korea as follows: 1) At the front sea of Chaguido in the south of Jeju-do, the maximum significant wave height, moon wave period and mean wave direction appear to be 7.41m, 13.65s and $6.4^{\circ}$, respectively at 16:00 KST if Sep. 12, 2003. 2) At the entrance of Masan Bay, 12.50m, 13.65s and $1.2^{\circ}$ at 21:00 KST if Sep. 12. 3) At the front sea of Suyoung Bay, 13.85m, 13.81s and $0.2^{\circ}$ at 22;00 KST if Sep. 12. 4) At the front sea of Ulsan port, 11.00m, 13.25s and $28^{\circ}$ at 23:00 KST if Sep.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effects of Hominis placenta (Jahage, J) and wild ginseng (SanSam, S) pharmacopuncture drugs on muscle differentiation and energy metabolism regulation in C2C12 myotubes. Methods: The C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes for 5 days by replacing in medium containing 2% horse serum and then treated with J and S pharmacopuncture extract at different concentrations for 24 hr. The expression of myosin heavy chain and energy metabolism-regulating factors, myosin heavy chain (MHC), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), and proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) were determined in C2C12 myotubes by western blot. Additionally, the phosphorylation of AMPK and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) were determined in the myotubes. Results: As a result, treatment with J and S pharmacopuncture extract at 0.1 and 1 mg/mL increased the MHC expression in C2C12 myotubes compared with non-treated cells, but only S pharmacopuncture was shown a significant and distinct increase in the expression. Expression of TFAM and NRF-1 was also shown significant increases in S and J pharmacopuncture in C2C12 myotubes compared to non-treated cells. The phosphorylation of AMPK and the expression of PGC-1α and SIRT1 showed increased expression in S and J pharmacopuncture compared to non-treated cells. The effect of low-dose of J pharmacopuncture on the phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PGC-1α expression was greater than that of S pharmacopuncture. Conclusions: In conclusion, both J and S pharmacopuncture promote muscle differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes and energy metabolism through the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. This indicates that the pharmacopuncture with tonic herbal medicines can help to improve skeletal muscle function.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2011

Effect of tempering treatment on the mechanical properties of 12Cr heat resistant steel with ferrite phase was investigate in this study. As time and temperature of tempering treatment were increase, C and Cr contents in matrix structure were decreased. Due to increase of the amount of Cr26C6 type carbides. It was confirmed in mechanical properties experimental that tensile strength and hardness were decreased, while elongation and impact value were, increased with increasing the time and temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.534-535
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• 2013

최근 LED 기술을 활용한 LED 조명은 밝기와 수명 및 저전력이라는 장점으로 인하여 현재 시중에 급속도로 퍼저 나가고 있다. 이러한 LED를 조명으로 사용하기 위한 기반 기술은 SMPS(Switching Mode Power Supply) 설계 기술이라 할 수 있다. 또한 LED 성능은 입력 전원 상태 및 LED 조명의 부하 조건에 따라 오차가 발생하여 LED등의 균일한 밝기를 유지하는데 기술적으로 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 12[W] 급 LED 다운 라이트에 대하여 LED SMPS의 전류 출력에 대하여 정전류제어를 함으로서 입/출력 조건의 변동에 대응하여 보다 안정적인 LED 등의 균일한 밝기를 유지하기 위한 12[W] 급 LED 다운 라이트용 SMPS에 PFC(Power Factor Correction) 회로를 추가하여 역율을 개선을 하며, 전압 위상에 따른 전류 위상 분포를 규일 비율로 제어 하여 보다 안정적인 밝기를 제공하는 12[W] 급 LED 조명용 SMPS를 개발하여 상품화를 제안하고자 한다.