• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1995

Single crystal EPR spectra of K12[As2W18O66Cu3(H2O)2]${\cdot}$11H2O exhibit an orientation-dependent fine structure of an S = 3/2 system which is accounted for by the exchange and magnetic dipole interactions among the three Cu2+ ions. The hyperfine structure and the lines from the S = 1/2 manifolds have not been observed. The isotropic exchange parameters determined from the magnetic susceptibility data at 5-300 K are J1 = J2 =-7.8 cm-1. The magnitude of J values suggests that the unpaired electrons on three Cu2+ ions interact through a sequence of six bonds involving two tungsten atoms and three oxygen atoms. The Cu-Cu distance, 4.37 $\AA$, determined from the EPR spectra is considerably smaller than the value from the X-ray crystal structure determination, 4.76 $\pm$ 0.03 $\AA$, indicating that the point-dipole model underestimates the dipolar interaction.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics of semen such as semen volume, pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the semen collected from Shih Tzu dogs (age of 24 to 48 months, weight of 4 to 8 kg) by using the method of digital manipulation of the penis. The effect of preservation temperature and time on motility of fresh semen was also investigated in the present study. Semen was collected for 16 times from 4 male Shih Tzu dogs by multiple ejaculations (four times ejaculation per dog). The average of semen volume, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the second fraction containing small volume of the initial third fraction per ejaculation were $2.11{\pm}0.31$ ml, $6.25{\pm}0.07$, $97.59{\pm}1.03%$ and $2.05{\pm}0.14{\times}10^8$ cells/ml, respectively. Average semen volume per ejaculate, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the first fraction from the ejaculation were $1.12{\pm}0.15$ ml, $5.99{\pm}0.14$, $16.09{\pm}6.18%$ and $5.16{\pm}2.03{\times}10^5$ cells/ml, respectively. Those of second fraction were $2.07{\pm}0.29$ ml, $6.36{\pm}0.13$, $97.31{\pm}1.36%$ and $2.15{\pm}0.30{\times}10^8$ cells/ml, respectively. Those of third fraction were $2.60{\pm}0.29$ ml, $6.63{\pm}0.08$, $95.72{\pm}1.61%$ and $6.03{\pm}1.83{\times}10^7$ cells/ml, respectively. Sperm motility was significantly higher at $17^{\circ}C$ preservation temperature than at $5^{\circ}C$ or $36^{\circ}C$ during preservation period except 1 h preservation (P<0.05). When preservation temperature was $17^{\circ}C$, sperm motility was $96.69{\pm}1.49%$ at 1 h, $91.38{\pm}1.90%$ at 6 h, $88.38{\pm}2.34%$ at 12 h, $78.13{\pm}4.58%$ at 18 h, $58.44{\pm}8.57%$ at 24 h and $29.56{\pm}5.06%$ at 30 h, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 2014

To investigate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of Opuntia humifusa cladodes, O. humifusa cladodes powder was extracted with 75% ethanol and fractionated with various solvents. Among the extracts fractionated with various solvents, ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of O. humifusa cladodes were highest ($89.94{\pm}1.15%$ and $29.01{\pm}3.03%$, respectively) in the ethyl acetate fraction. Further, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were the highest ($196.02{\pm}5.26$ and $114.00{\pm}10.03{\mu}g/mg$, respectively). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased according to the concentration of O. humifusa cladodes extract, and those of the ethyl acetate fraction were the highest. Ferric reducing antioxidant powers of chloroform and the ethyl acetate fraction were higher than those of other fractions. Overall, the ethyl acetate fraction of O. humifusa cladodes showed the highest anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. Results indicate that O. humifusa cladodes powder has potential as a useful ingredient with anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.469-473
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• 2011

These study was carried out to investigate the effects of the supplementation with sodium nitroprusside (SN) and nitric oxide (NO) of canine oocytes on IVM rates. Oocytes were incubated in TCM-199 supplement with at 0.03~0.10 mM SN and 0.3~1.0 mM NO for 48 hrs. Oocytes were transferred to 50 ul drops of maturation medium covered mineral oil and cultured in a $CO_2$ incubator (5% $CO_2$, 95% air, $38^{\circ}C$). The in vitro maturation rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in TCM-199 medium supplement with 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10 mM SN were $25.9{\pm}3.5%$, $36.4{\pm}3.2%$, $33.3{\pm}3.5%$, $28.8{\m}3.2%$, respectively. The in vitro maturation rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in TCM-199 medium supplement with 0.03~0.07 mM SN were significantly increased compare to the control ($26.0{\pm}2.2%$). The in vitro maturation rates of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in TCM-199 medium supplement with 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mM NO were $28.0{\pm}4.2%$, $36.5{\pm}3.6%$, $30.0{\pm}3.8%$, $19.2{\pm}3.5%$, respectively. The in vitro maturation rate of oocytes in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 0.3 and 0.5 mM NO were significantly increased compare to the control ($26.0{\pm}2.2%$). The in vitro maturation rates of oocytes cultured for 12~48 hrs in TCM-199 medium supplement with 0.05 mM SN were $26.0{\pm}3.2%$, $28.0{\pm}3.4%$, $38.0{\pm}3.2%$, respectively. The in vitro maturation rate of oocytes cultured for 12~48 hrs in TCM-199 medium supplement with 0.5 mM NO were $22.0{\pm}3.0%$, $30.0{\pm}3.8%$, $36.0{\pm}4.2%$, respectively. These result was significantly increased compare to the control.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to study fractionation and physicochemical characteristics of caprine casein. Acid caseins obtained from caprine colostral and normal milk were analyzed by chymosin treatment and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography with linear gradient and electrophoresis. Protein, fat and lactose of caprine normal milk were 2.70${\pm}$0.27%, 3.82${\pm}$0.51%, and 4.10${\pm}$0.29%, respectively. More non-protein nitrogen(NPN) was released by chymosin treatment from caprine colostral casein than normal casein. The electrophoretic pattern of caprine casein was not similar to that of bovine casein, Caprine normal casein was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography with a 0.08${\sim}$0.18 M NaCl linear gradient into 5 pes with the proportion of 5.27%, 26.07%, 25.97%, 30.40% and 12.29%, respectively. In order to identify the pure fraction, the chymosin-treated caprine normal casein was fractionated by DEAE-cellulosecolumn chromatography with a 0.08${\sim}$0.18 M NaCl linear gradient into 6 peaks with the proportion of 17.06%, 9.10%, 17.85%, 20.11%, 27.03% and 8.85%, respectively.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2011

Multi core-shell composite particles were prepared by the water-born emulsion polymerization of various core monomer such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), and shell monomer such as MMA, BMA, stylene (St), 2-hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of different concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The following conclusions are drawn from the measured conversion, particle size and distribution, average molecular weight, molecular structure, glass transition temperature with DSC, morphology, tensile strength and elongation. In the case of the concentration of 0.02 wt% SDBS, the conversion of MMA core-(BMA/St/AA) shell composite particle was excellent as 98%. In the case of the concentration of 0.03 wt% SDBS, the particle size of BMA core-(MMA/St/AA) shell composite particle was high as $0.47{\mu}m$. We confirmed that 3 points of glass transition temperatures appear for multi core-shell composite particles compared to 2 points of glass transition temperatures appear for general core-shell composite particles. We showed that it is possible to adjust glass transition temperatures according to the kind and composition of the inner shell monomer that it is can be used as a adhesive binder material with improved adhesive power.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1063-1067
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• 1997

This study was performed to assess the levels of the trace elements(Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Mn, Pb, and Cd) in salt-fermented fish products from some areas of the west coast in Korea. Seven samples were Shrimp(Seawoo-jeot), Clam(Jogai-jeot), Oyster(Orikul-jeot), big eyed horring(Bendeng-ie jeot), Mysis(Gonjeng-ie jeot), Hwangandali(Hwangsegi-jeot), and Squid, Han Chi(Han chi-jeot). They were ashed with ternary solution. After ashing the samples, the amount of trace elements in the samples were measured by ICP. The moisture content of the 7 samples before freezing dry were 68.36, 71.52, 81.19, 62.27, 71.30, 64.27, and 66.74%, respectively. Jogai-jeot and Gonjeng-ie jeot contained the most amount of moisture among the samples. Fe contents were 66.46, 309.10, 27.03, 23.01, 132.45, 35.75, and 9.72ppm, respectively. Jogai-jeot contained the most amount of Fe among the samples. Cu contents were 4.60, 4.36, 3.75, 2.21, 10.36, 2.71, and 58.15ppm, respectively. Hanchi-jeot contained the most amount of Cu among the samples. Zn contents were 16.02, 75.06, 37.43, 28.43, 132.45, 35.75, and 9.72ppm, respectively. Gonjeng-ie jeot contained the most amount of Zn among the samples. Cr contents were 0.80, 1.61, 0.84, 0.96, 1.12, 0.96, and 0.59ppm, respectively. Jogai-jeot contained the most amount of Cr among the samples. Co contents were 0.13, 0.54, 0.31, 0.46, 0.50, 0.63, and 0.35ppm, respectively. Hwangsegi-jeot contained the most amount of Co among the samples. Mn contents were 7.30, 10.69, 14.87, 4.12, 8.03, 2.94 and 1.54ppm, respectively. Origkul-jeot contained the most amount of Mn among the samples. Pb contents were 1.80, 4.30, 2.53, 4.61, 3.08, 5.04, and 2.74ppm, respectively. Hwangsegi-jeot contained the most amount of Pb among the samples. Cd contents were 0.005, 0.03, 0.06, 0.005, 0.01, 0.00, and 0.10ppm, respectively. Hanchi-jeot contained the most amount of Cd among the samples. This study is limited within 7 samples caught and producted from the some areas of the west coast in Korea. Therefore, I hope there will be broader experiments concerned with this study to make clear not only nutritional aspect(the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, and Mn) but also toxicological aspect(the contents of Pb and Cd).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.317-321
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• 2012

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics and estimate the genetic parameters of average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits of Hanwoo. The data used in this study were 4,681 heads which were performance-tested and 4,442 heads which were progeny-tested in test station of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation. The means and standard deviations of ADG between 6~9 months (ADG:6-9), ADG between 9~12 (ADG:9-12) and ADG between 6~12 (ADG:6-12) from the performance test were $1.04{\pm}0.16$, $1.11{\pm}0.17$ and $1.07{\pm}0.11$, respectively. The phenotypic correlations of ADG:6-9 and ADG:9-12, ADG:6-9 and ADG:6-12, ADG:9-12 and ADG:6-12 were -0.03, 0.66 and 0.65, respectively. The phenotypic correlations of ADG:6-12 with carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), and marbling score (MS) from progeny test were 0.446, 0.199, 0.0266 and 0.045, respectively. Estimated heritabilities from the pooled data were 0.251 (ADG:6-12), 0.298 (CW), 0.424 (EMA), 0.503 (BF) and 0.626 (MS), respectively. Estimated genetic correlations of ADG:6-12 with CW, EMA, BF, MS were 0.606, 0.292, -0.095 and -0.007, respectively. From these results, it could be suggested that selection for ADG significantly affects CW, EMA and BF by correlated response to selection.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.161-179
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of a Korean Medicine Treatment on 89 severe atopic dermatitis patients all through 12 months. Methods : The degree of atopic dermatitis was measured in Objective SCORAD Index (OSI) with photos of patients. Then, the OSI score was estimated according to gender, age and intensity. Results : 1. The ratio of male to female was 41.57 : 58.43. The 24.72% of patients were in 0~11 year-old group, 16.85% were in 12~18 year-old group and 58.43% were in the group above 19 years old. 2. The initial OSI score was 64.43 and the final was 37.03 after 12 months. After 3, 6, 9, 12 months, the OSI score was significantly lower than the initial visit. 3. There was no significant difference between male and female patients on age, OSI scores and OSI improvements. 4. The patients who treated acupuncture were significantly older then who not treated. The OSI improvement had no significant difference whether treated with acupuncture or not. 5. There was no significant difference among 3 different age groups on initial OSI scores. The OSI improvement of 0~11 year-old group was significantly higher than the other groups after 12 month treatment. 6. The OSI score of 97.75% was decreased after 12 month treatment compared to initial visit. 7. After 12 month treatment, the distribution of severe atopic dermatitis was decreased from 100% to 37.08%. 8. There was no significant difference betweent steroid group and non-steroid group on OSI scores at initial visit and after 12 month treatment. Conclusions : The OSI Score of severe atopic dermatitis patients was decreased on the significant rate with Korean medicine treatment for 12 months.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.50-52
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• 1959

In order to know contents of vitamin B$_{12}$ in the fermented foods in Korea, the contents of this vitamin are studied on the following foods; kimchies (pickled vegetables) .................. 39 chukkals (fermented and salted sea foods) ...... 8 fermented soy-bean products .................... 5 the kimchies and fermented soybean products studied in this paper, are from individual homes and chukkals are from markets. The content of vitamin B$_{12}$ is estimated by the microbiological assay method using lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830. Details for assay are indicated in the original part of this paper. The pseudo-vitamin B$_{12}$ substances as thymidine which is active to the growth of lactobacillus leichmannii, are eliminated by the alkali treatment method of sample solution. According to the results as indicated in the table, the following conclusions are summerized; 1. Vitamin B$_{12}$ contents of kimchies for winter season are 1.03 to 1.52 mcg% in average. The hobakk-kimchi which contain the highest content of vitamin B$_{12}$ is not popular one among Korean. 2. Chukkals contain much higher content of vitamin B$_{12}$ varying from 0.91 to 11.10mcg%. 3. The soybean fermented foods, as kanjang, denjang, kochojang, contain lower content of vitamine B$_{12}$ varying from 0.08 to 0.52 mcg% containing higher content of pseudo-vitamin. 4. Based on daily consumption of kimchi in winter season by Chai, the consumption of this vitamin through kimchi is about 3 mcgs daily per capita. This will be a quite source of this vitamin for Korean as vitamin C. as vitamin C.