• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.256-260
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• 1993

Thirteen patients received a coralline hydroxyapatite sphere as a buried integrated ocular implant after enucleation surgery. The implant was modified by multiple drillings, 1 mm in diameter, to the center of the sphere to allow more rapid host tissue ingrowth. $^{99m}Tc$-MDP planar and tomographic bone scintigraphies were performed at various intervals after implantation (from 100 to 742 days after operation) to assess vascularization of the implant. All patients showed hot uptakes in the implants. These patients underwent a secondary drilling for the final motility peg application. The confirmation of vascular ingrowth was done by inspection of bleeding at the time of bleeding at the time of drilling from the center of the implant. Bleeding from the drilled implant was noted in all patients. In cnclusion, hot uptake in the implanted ocular hydroxyapatite implant accurately reflect vascular ingrowth into the implant.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.228-233
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• 2011

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of GnRH antagonist multiple-dose protocol (MDP) with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) pretreatment in poor responders undergoing IVF/ICSI, compared with GnRH antagonist MDP without OCP pretreatment and GnRH agonist low-dose long protocol (LP). Methods: A total of 120 poor responders were randomized into three groups according to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) options; GnRH antagonist MDP after OCP pretreatment (group 1), GnRH antagonist MDP without OCP pretreatment (group 2) or GnRH agonist luteal low-dose LP without OCP pretreatment (group 3). Patients allocated in group 1 were pretreated with OCP for 21days in the cycle preceding COS, and ovarian stimulation using recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) was started 5 days after discontinuation of OCP. Results: There were no differences in patients' characteristics among three groups. Total dose and days of rhFSH used for COS were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 or 2. The numbers of mature oocytes, fertilized oocytes and grade I, II embryos were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 or 3. There were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate among three groups. Conclusion: GnRH antagonist MDP with OCP pretreatment is at least as effective as GnRH agonist low-dose LP in poor responders and can benefit the poor responders by reducing the amount and duration of FSH required for follicular maturation.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatment methods (yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal [Y-TZP] primers, air-abrasion, and tribochemical surface treatment) on the shear bond strength between (Y-TZP) ceramics and etch-and-rinse non-10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing resin cements. Materials and Methods: Y-TZP ceramic surfaces were ground flat with 600-grit silicone carbide abrasives paper and then divided into seven groups of ten. They were treated as the following: untreated (control), Monobond Plus (IvoclarVivadent), Z-PRIME Plus (Bisco Inc.), ESPE Sil with CoJet (3M ESPE), air-abrasion, Monobond Plus with air-abrasion, and Z-PRIME Plus with air-abrasion. The surface of Y-TZP specimens was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Non-MDP-containing cements were placed on the surface-treated Y-TZP specimens. After thermocycling, shear bond strength test was performed. Bond strength values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (P<0.05). Result: The Z-PRIME Plus treatment in combination with air-abrasion produced the highest bond strength ($14.94{\pm}1.70MPa$) followed by Monobond Plus combined with air-abrasion ($10.70{\pm}1.71MPa$), air-abrasion ($10.47{\pm}1.60MPa$), ESPE Sil after CoJet treatment ($10.38{\pm}0.87MPa$), Z-PRIME Plus application ($10.00{\pm}1.70MPa$), and then Monobond Plus application ($9.25{\pm}0.86MPa$). The control ($6.70{\pm}1.49MPa$) indicated the lowest results (P<0.05). The SEM results showed different surface morphologies according to surface treatment methods compared with the Y-TZP control. Conclusion: The shear bond strength between the Y-TZP ceramic and the non-MDP-containing resin cement was the greatest when the surface was treated with air-abrasion and MDP-containing Z-PRIME Plus primer.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the adhesion of 10-MDP containing self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with and without the use of etch-and-rinse technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Human third molars (N=180) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=30 per group). Conventional (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray-PAN) and self-adhesive resin cements (Clearfil SA, Kuraray-CSA) were bonded to dentin surfaces either after application of 3-step etch-and-rinse (35% $H_3PO_4$ + ED Primer) or two-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond). Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test using the universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). The failure types were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and quality of hybrid layer was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The data (MPa) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Overall, PAN adhesive cement showed significantly higher mean bond strength ($12.5{\pm}2.3-14.1{\pm}2.4$ MPa) than CSA cement ($9.3{\pm}1.4-13.9{\pm}1.9$ MPa) (P<.001). Adhesive failures were more frequent in CSA cement groups when used in conjunction with two-step self-adhesive (68%) or no adhesive at all (66%). Hybrid layer quality was inferior in CSA compared to PAN cement in all conditions. CONCLUSION. In clinical situations where bonding to dentin substrate is crucial, both conventional and self-adhesive resin cements based on 10-MDP can benefit from etch-and-rinse technique to achieve better quality of adhesion in the early clinical period.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.541-547
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• 1996

The previous monoclonal antibody labeling method for bone marrow immunoscintigrapy was complicated and laborious for clinical application. Also it showed a relatively low labeling efficiency. To improve this procedure, we compared several direct labeling methods of $^{99m}Tc$. 1) The labeling efficiency in the method using gluconate as a transchelator was low (40-70%), but immunoscintigraphy using this radiotracer produced a clear image. 2) To improve labeling efficiency, ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol was removed after reduction. The labeling efficiency was improved up to 70-80%, but the radioactivity of the blood pool was high. 3) The higest labeling efficiency (>90%) and best quality images could be obtained by using MDP as a transchelating agent. It did not require additional procedures for separation of labeled antibodies. The immunoreactivity of this antibody was 60%. Residual MDP which can be taken up by the bone could be removed by PD-10 column. The reduced antibodies were stable with a high labeling efficiency (>90%) for up to 47 days by deep freezing. We concluded that the improved procedure for $^{99m}Tc$ labeling of anti-NCA-95 monoclonal antibody using MDP as a transchelating agent will be a simple and useful method for clinical application.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

In this work we propose an energy-efficient transmission strategy for wireless sensor networks that operate in a strict energy-constrained environment. Our transmission algorithm consists of two components: a binary-decision based transmission and a channel-aware backoff adjustment. In the binary-decision based transmission, we obtain the optimum threshold for successful transmission via Markov decision process (MDP) formulation. A channel-aware backoff adjustment, the second component of our proposal, is introduced to favor sensor nodes seeing better channel in terms of transmission priority. Extensive simulations are performed to verify the performance of our proposal over fading wireless channels.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.4389-4410
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• 2014

Network coding is a promising technology that increases system throughput by reducing the number of packet transmissions from the source node to the destination node in a saturated traffic scenario. Nevertheless, some packets can suffer from end-to-end delay, because of a queuing delay in an intermediate node waiting for other packets to be encoded with exclusive or (XOR). In this paper, we analyze the delay according to packet arrival rate and propose two network coding schemes, iXOR (Intelligent XOR) and oXOR (Optimal XOR) with Markov Decision Process (MDP). They reduce the average delay, even under an unsaturated traffic load, through the Holding-${\chi}$ strategy. In particular, we are interested in the unsaturated network scenario. The unsaturated network is more practical because, in a real wireless network, nodes do not always have packets waiting to be sent. Through analysis and extensive simulations, we show that iXOR and oXOR are better than the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) without XOR (the general forwarding scheme) and XOR with DCF with respect to average delay as well as delivery ratio.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.510-525
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• 2000

The effects of pretreatment of Co-Cr alloy, including two adhesive primers that contain either MDP or MAC-10, and silicoating on the bond The result sobtained as follows; o Strength of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin were investigated using FT-IR, SEM, and EDAX. o In the SEM observation of surface morphologies, the sandblasted specimen exibited a very rough surface, whereas the surfaces of the two groups primed with either MDP or MAC-10 were covered with a layer of primer, and the surface morphology of the silicoated specimen remained almost the same after sandblasting. o Before the thermocycling tests, the group treated with MDP demonstrated the highest mean tensile bond strength and the sandblasted group showed the lowest bond strength. o After 20,000 thermocyling, the mean tensile bond strength of the sandblasted group exhibited a 50% reduction in bond strength, while the others showed a $20\sim30%$ reduction. o Observation of the metal-resin interface revealed that in all groups the resin permeated the rough surface formed by sandblasting thereby producing a mechanical bond between the metal and the resin. It was also found that thermocycling resulted in a gap formation at the metal-resin interface of the specimens, and the sandblasted group exhibited a larger gap width than the other groups. o In fracture mode, all specimens indicated a cohesive fracture within the resin before thermocycling. However, thermocyling produced adhesive failure at the edge of the resin-metal interface in most specimens. The sandblasted group, which exhibited the lowest bond strength after thormocycling, also demonstrated the largest area of adhesive failure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1331-1335
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• 2009

We have studied the anti-diabetic effects of medicinal plant water extracts on hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes such as glucokinase (GK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitor is usually used to prevent and treat type II diabetes; thus, anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity of medicinal plant water extracts was assayed. The hepatic cytosol faction of a type II diabetic animal (Goto-Kakizaki rat) was used in GK and ACC activity assays. The medicinal plants were Lycium chinense (JGP), Discorea japonica Thunb. (SY), Pyrus pyrifolia (YSB), Cornus officinalis (SSY), Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR. (MDP), Cordyceps militaris (DCH), and Acanthopanax senticosus (GSO). JGP, SY, YSB, and SSY water extracts increased the hepatic GK activity and all medicinal plant water extracts led to an increase in hepatic ACC activity. YSB, SSY, MDP, and GSO water extracts showed significantly higher anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity than control samples. The highest anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity was observed in GSO water extract and the anti-$\alpha$-glucoside activity was higher than that of Acarbose (reference $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor). We suggest that JGP, SY, YSB, and SSY water extracts may exert an anti-diabetic effect by enhancing the glucose metabolism and that YSB, MDP and GSO may be used as natural $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitors in type II diabetic conditions. Increased ACC activity by plant water extracts may provide additional anti-diabetic effect.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.8
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of a hydrofluoric acid (HA; solution of hydrogen fluoride [HF] in water)-based smart etching (SE) solution at an elevated temperature on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics in terms of bond strength and morphological changes. Materials and Methods: Eighty sintered Y-TZP specimens were prepared for shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The bonding surface of the Y-TZP specimens was treated with 37% phosphoric acid etching at 20℃-25℃, 4% HA etching at 20℃-25℃, or HA-based SE at 70℃-80℃. In all groups, zirconia primers were applied to the bonding surface of Y-TZP. For each group, 2 types of resin cement (with or without methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate [MDP]) were used. SBS testing was performed. Topographic changes of the etched Y-TZP surface were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results were analyzed and compared using 2-way analysis of variance. Results: Regardless of the type of resin cement, the highest bond strength was measured in the SE group, with significant differences compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). In all groups, MDP-containing resin cement yielded significantly higher bond strength values than MDP-free resin cement (p < 0.05). It was also shown that the Y-TZP surface was etched by the SE solution, causing a large change in the surface topography. Conclusions: Bond strength significantly improved when a heated HA-based SE solution was applied to the Y-TZP surface, and the etched Y-TZP surface was more irregular and had higher surface roughness.