• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.372-380
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out in order to closely examine the influence of fertilization upon growth in container of seedling in indeciduous Quercus species (Q. mysinaefolia, Q. acuta and Q. glauca). METHODS AND RESULTS: Fertilizer level was made by adjusting water soluble compound fertilizer (N:P:K=19: 19:19, v/v) to 1000, 2000, $3000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level along with non-fertilizing plot. Fertilization increased height, root collar diameter growth, and dry weight in these three species of trees. The more increase in fertilizer level led to the more rise even in growth of these species. H/D ratio and T/R ratio also showed tendency of getting bigger in the more rise in fertilizer level. Photosynthetic rate was shown to get higher in the higher fertilizer level according to fertilization in all the three species. In the analysis of root morphological traits, the total root length was surveyed to be longer in the more rise in fertilizer concentration. As even a case of root project area, surface area, and root volume is the similar tendency to characteristics in the total root length, a rise depending on fertilization was observed. CONCLUSION: In light of the results in this experiment, the fertilizer level is judged to be $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level that is proper for production of 1-year-old container seedling in indeciduous Quercus species with excellent root development and high seedling quality index.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2015

Soil nutrient management is important to maintain the constant productivity of seedling production in the nursery for successful forest restoration. This study investigated the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application levels on the growth, soil properties, and nutrient concentrations of yellow poplar seedlings. One-year-old yellow poplar seedlings were treated with the combination of 3 level organic manures(0, 5 Mg/ha, 10 Mg/ha; mixture of poultry manure, cattle manure, swine manure, and sawdust) and 3 level nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) chemical fertilizers(0, 1x(urea, $30g/m^2$; fused superphosphate, $70g/m^2$; potassium chloride, $15g/m^2$), 2x). Organic manure significantly increased the soil pH and the concentrations of nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In contrast, the NPK chemical fertilizer decreased the soil pH and exchangeable calcium concentration, did not affect the soil concentrations of nitrogen and magnesium, and increased the concentrations of available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium. Both organic manure and NPK chemical fertilizer treatments increased the seedling height, root collar diameter, and dry weight by 39% and 25%, respectively. The treatment with manure 5 Mg/ha and NPK 2x chemical fertilizer mostly increased seedling dry weight by 2.6 times more than that of the control. Compared to the effects of the fertilization treatments on the soil properties, the effects on nutrient concentrations in the leaves were relatively small. These findings indicate that organic manure that was derived from livestock byproducts and sawdust can be utilized with chemical fertilizer to improve seedling production as well as conserving soil quality.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 1987

One-year-old seedlings of Ginkgo biloba, potted in three different soils (nursery soil, mixed and sandy soil), were treated with simulated acid rain (pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0) and tap water (control, pH 6.4) during the growing seasons (1985. 4. 28 - 1985. 10. 19) to examine the effects of acid rain on growth and physiological characteristics, and the relations between seedling growth and physiological characteristics. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The effects of soil types on the total, top and root dry weight per seedling were significant at 5% level, and those of the pH of the rain treated at 1% level. The total dry weight of the pH 3.0 sub-plots was the highest for nursery soil, while for mixed and sandy soils, those of the control and the pH 5.0 sub-plots were the highest, respectively. 2. The leaf surface areas of pH 2.0 sub-plots severely decreased after July, but those of other sub-plots were not affected. The correlations between growth and leaf surface area differed among soil-types, however, the highest positive correlation was found in September. 3. The injured leaf rate increased with decreasing pH levels of acid rain. Highly negative correlations between growth and injured leaf rate were found. 4. The lower the pH level of acid rain treated was, the more the chlorophyll content was measured at the beginning of treatment, and the more severely it decreased at late growing season. A negative correlations were found in August, September and Octobfer. 5. The photosynthetic ability decreased rapidly after July with decreasing pH levels. A highly positive correlation between growth and photosynthetic ability was found in August.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2022.09a
• /
• pp.74-74
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 붉나무의 기능성 성분의 산업화 활용을 위한 고품질의 붉나무 1년생 용기묘 대량생산을 위해 실시되었다. 붉나무 1년생 용기묘의 묘목품질의 향상을 위해 다양한 농도의 시비처리하여 우량묘 생산에 적합한 시비수준을 구명하고자 하였다. 시비실험은 무시비구 포함하여 수용성 복합비료 (N:P:K=20:20:20, v/v)를 1,000mg·L^-1, 2,000mg·L^-1, 3,000mg·L^-1 수준으로 실시하였다. 시비처리는 붉나무 용기묘의 간장과 근원경 생장은 1,000mg·L^-1 시비처리구에서 생장이 가장 좋게 나타났으며 시비수준이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 뿌리형태 특성분석에서도 전체뿌리길이, 투영단면적, 표면적 및 뿌리부피가 간장과 근원경 생장과 동일한 경향을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다. 건물 생산량은 부위별 잎, 줄기, 뿌리 및 전체가 모두 1,000mg·L^-1 시비처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 그 이상의 시비수준에서는 점점 감소하는 경향을 보였다. H/D(Hight/Root collar diameter)율은 전체가 3.82(무시비구) ~ 4.90, T/R(Top/Root)율은 전체가 0.56(1,000mg·L^-1 시비처리구) ~ 0.82로 조사되었다. 시비처리 에 의한 붉나무의 LWR(Leaf dry weight ratio)은 무시비구, SWR(Shoot dry weight ratio)은 3,000mg·L^-1 시비처리구, 그리고 RWR(Root dry weight ratio)은 1,000mg·L^-1 시비처리구에서 유의적 차이를 보이며 높게 나타났다. 묘목품질지수(QI)의 경우 1,000mg·L^-1 시비처리구에서 12.13으로 다른 시비수준들보다 월등히 높았다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합하면, 뿌리발달이 좋은 우량한 붉나무 생산에 적절한 시비수준은 1,000mg·L^-1 정도인 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2016

Climate change affects plant responses on physiological characteristics and growth, and Pinus densiflora, one of the major tree species in Korea, are expected to be particularly vulnerable to rising temperature and increased precipitation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of an open-field warming and precipitation manipulation on physiological characteristics and growth of P. densiflora seedlings. Seedlings of 2-year-old P. densiflora were planted in April, 2013, in open-field nursery located at Korea University. The air temperature of warmed plots had been set to be $3^{\circ}C$ higher than the control plots using infrared lamps. Precipitation was manipulated to be 30% lower or higher than the control, using transparent panels and drip irrigation. Net photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, seedling height, root collar diameter and biomass were measured from April, 2014 to April, 2015. The increase in new shoot biomass from warming was statistically significant, with the biomass in warmed plots about 2-fold higher than in the control plots in 2014 and 2015. This result might be related to advanced bud burst and increased occurrence of abnormal new shoots in warmed plots. Meanwhile, the results of net photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, seedling height, root collar diameter and total biomass from warming and precipitation manipulation were not statistically significant, but tendencies of lower net photosynthetic rate and higher seedling height and biomass in warmed plots compared to the control were shown. Such might be speculated as results of the extended growth period. When root to shoot (R/S) ratio was calculated from the biomass data obtained in April 2014 and April 2015, increased R/S ratio was observed regardless of the treatments applied. Drought tolerance of P. densiflora and particularly low annual precipitation observed in 2014 were suggested as the possible reasons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.73 no.1
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of light intensity on the growth of Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedlings. The seedlings were grown under four different relative light intensities: 100%, 63%, 37%, and 19% of full sunlight by covering with saran screen on seed bed. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The highest shoot elongation was found at 37% in relative light intensity (RLI) plot, and the best growth in root, seedling length and diameter increment appeared at 100% on RLI plot. Contribution rates of shading to growth in shoot elongation, root growth, seedling length, and diameter increment were 9.3%, 26.2%, 21.0%, and 48.7%, respectively. 2. The greatest number of one-year-old needle fascicle was found at 100% in RLI plot, whereas that of two-year-old needle fascicle appeared at 37% in RLI plot. The contribution rate of the light intensity to number of needle fascicle was 3.9% and factor of leaf age contributed to number of needle fascicle in 27.8%. The length of needles grown under different light intensities varied with needle ages. The longest length of new needles appeared at 37% in RLI plot, but old needles were not clear in influence of light intensity. The contribution rate to needle length by the light intensity was 2.5%. 3. The heaviest value of the fresh and dry weight of seedlings appeared at 100% of RLI plot then decreased with light intensity. The contribution rates to fresh and dry weight by the shading were 38% and 7.6% respectively. 4. The largest value of the dry weight of needles appeared at 100% of RLI plot and then decreased with light intensity. The contribution rates to dry weight of needles by the light intensity was 13.18%. 5. The values of T/R ratio increased with decreased light intensity and the contribution rate was 7.0%. 6. Positive correlation and linear regressions were recognized between dry weight of leaf and other factors (dry weight of shoot, root, seedling and diameter increment).

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate of growth performances and net assimilation rate(NAR) of Allium microdictyon Prokh. distributed inland and Allium ochotense Prokh. originated Ulleung-do. The Allium microdictyon on the growth of 1-2 years showed the largest relative growth rate, and showed high relative growth from three to four years. Allium ochotense on the growth from one year to three years showed high relative growth rate. The T/R rate of Allium ochotense of 2~5years was in the range of 0.4~0.5. However, The T/R rate of Allium microdictyon was increased as increasing with age. This implies that Allium microdictyon was consumed more energy on growing subterranean part. The LWR of 1~3years old Allium ochotense. was showed more smaller than 4~5years old. It seems that the growth characteristics of Allium ochotense 1-3 years after sowing the leaf growth consume more energy than Allium microdictyon. Net assimilation rate(NAR) of Allium ochotense for 1-3 years after sowing was higher than that of Allium microdictyon. In this time, the material of Allium ochotense has a higher production efficiency can be seen indirectly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.87 no.1
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 1998

We measured seedling growth, foliar nutrient and extract concentrations of 3-year-old Ginkgo biloba seedlings growing in a nursery following a single fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen plus phosphorus (N+P) fertilizers. Fertilization did not change foliage, stem and root biomass of the seedlings except for the high N+P treatment, Foliar N and P concentrations following fertilization varied according to the amount of fertilizers. In general, foliar N and P concentrations increased with fertilization, but fertilization with 400kg N/ha and 100kg P/ha decreased foliar N and P concentrations, respectively. Seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations showed that N and P were the growth-limiting nutrients in our study site. It was found that fertilization reduced the concentrations of secondary metabolites (Ginkgo flavon glycosides and terpene lactones) in foliages. It seemed there was a relationship between foliage biomass production and secondary chemicals in G. biloba seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.304-309
• /
• 1999

Biomass, tissue (foliage, stem. and root) nutrient concentration, and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) were determined for 1-year-old Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis and Betula platyphvlla var. japonica seedlings in a greenhouse under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization treatments. There were no consistent patterns in the effect of fertilization on seedling growth, however, in most cases the addition of N and P had no stimulating effect on biomass. In general, seedling tissue N and P concentrations increased after fertilization. It appeared that fertilization induced luxury nutrient consumption because uptake was increased without altering biomass. The NUE. calculated as the ratio between total above and belowground production and nutrient content in seedlings, decreased with increasing N and P supply for P. densiflora and B. platyphylla var. japonica while that for L. leptolepisthe did not change. B. platyphylla var. japonica had the highest NUE, L. leptolepis the lowest, with P. densiflora having the intermediate NUE.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2005

To investigate the synergistic effects of low dose gamma irradiation and growth regulators on the growth and photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.), laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted using 4-year-old rice seeds. In the laboratory experiment, the germination rate was increased in 0.001 ppm IBA treatment, showing the synergistic effect of gamma irradiation and growth regulators. The seedling growth was increased by treatment of GA₃ and IBA, the irradiated groups having higher than the non-irradiated ones. Particularly, it was remarkable in 0.001 ppm IBA. In greenhouse experiment, seedling growth was increased in response to a combination of gamma irradiation and 0.001 ppm IBA. Effective quantum yield of PSⅡ(Ф/sub PSⅡ/) and photochemical quenching (qP) were increased, while non-photochemical quenching (qN) was decreased by 0.001 ppm IBA. A synergistic effect of gamma irradiation and IBA was only found in seedling growth. The present results suggest that low dose gamma irradiation and growth regulator could synergistically stimulate seedling growth.