• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

Aceclofenac is an non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug which has been used in the treatment of rheumatoidal rthritis and osteo-arthritis. In order to decrease the gastric ulcerogenic effects and contol the plasma level of aceclofenac, we have developed the transdermal delivery system of aceclofenac plaster, which were formulated employing matrix polymers of acrylates and penetration-enhancers such as $Lauroglycol^{\circledR}$, $Transcutol^{\circledR}$, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Using Franz diffusion cells mounted with a rat skin, transdermal penetration characteristics of the formulations were evaluated by the HPLC assay of aceclofenac and diclofenac, an active metabolite, in the receptor compartment of pH 7.2 phosphate buffered solution. Skin penetration was increased when the content of aceclofenac increased, showing the flux $(J,\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr)$ of 0.37 and 2.50 for 2% and 6.75% of the content, respectively. The flux$(J,\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr)$ from plasters made of $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 87-2074, $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 87-2510 and $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 87-2097 were 2.50, 2.77 and 4.39, respectively. $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 87-2074 showed the lowest penetration due to the carboxylic acid group in the polymer, which might form a strong hydrogen bonding with a secondary amine of aceclofenac. Although both $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 87-2510 and $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 87-2097 are amine-resistant adhesives, $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 872510 showed lower penetration than $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 87-2097 because of the hydroxyl group in $Durotak^{\circledR}$ 87-2510, which might form a weak hydrogen bonding with aceclofenac. These results reveal that the functional group in acrylic polymers would greatly affect the release of aceclofenac from the matrix, which is the rate-limiting step in the penetration of aceclofenac through rat skins. The penetration of aceclofenac from plasters using different penetration-enhancers increased in the following order: Transcutol < linoleic acid < oleic acid. And the flux from the plasters containing oleic acid as a penetrationenhancer was 2.22 times greater than that of creams, which suggest that a newly deveolped aceclofenac plaster could be used in the treatment of rheumatoidal arthritis and osteo-arthritis as an advanced transdermal delivery system.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.330-338
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• 2013

In order to explore microleakage in class V cavity based on different kinds of several dentin adhesive and composite resin, 2 kinds of composite resin was restored and exposed after applying 4 kinds of dentin adhesives. Deposited in methylene blue solution for 4 hours and cut in parallel with tooth longitudinal axis. By observing dye penetration level of enamel and dentin margins of each restored resin following conclusion was obtained. 1. In composite resin Filtek Z350XT Universal (3M/ESPE Dental Products, USA) in enamel margin, Easy Bond (3M/ESPE Dental Products) showed the lowest microleakage and this leakage was represented to be high in the order of Single Bond 2 (3M/ESPE Dental Products), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M/ESPE Dental Products) and Cearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan). In case of Filtek Z350XT Flowable (3M/ESPE Dental Products), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose showed the lowest microleakage and this leakage was represented to be high in the order of Single Bond 2, Clearfil SE Bond and Easy Bond. 2. In case of Filtek Z350XT Universal in dentin margin, Easy Bond showed the lowest microleakage and this leakage was represented to be high in the order of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond. In case of Filtek Z350XT Flowable, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and Single Bond showed the lowest microleakage and this leakage was represented to be high in the order of Clearfil SE Bond and Easy Bond. 3. In all the groups excepting S-U group (Single Bond 2+Filtek Z350XT Universal), enamel margin showed more higher microleakage than that of dentin margin. 4. There was a difference between enamel and dentin margin among each group but it was not significant statistically (p>0.05). When summarizing this result, it is considered that composite resin and dentin adhesive could be applied selectively and particularly in case of applying 1-step self-etching dentin adhesive, this method would be advantageous for manipulation convenience and shortening of operation time.