• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.535-536
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• 2010

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2000

Easy measurement method of orthogonal triple-sensor hot-wire anemometer is developed. Advantages of the new method is that it does not require either the exact orthogonality of the installed wires which cannot be kept during the probe manufacture and repair, nor the knowledge of the wire installation angles and the yaw and pitch coefficient of the wires. The new method introduced yaw and pitch calibration coefficients which are designed to increase monotonically with yaw and pitch angles. So the resulting calibration network is simple to recognize compared with that of the previously suggested calibration method. Verification experiments showed good accuracy and independency of the directional calibration on velocity.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.455-469
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• 2014

High-precision autonomous localization technique is essential for future Mars rovers. This paper addresses an innovative integrated localization algorithm using a multiple information fusion approach. Firstly, the output of IMU is employed to construct the two-dimensional (2-D) dynamics equation of Mars rover. Secondly, radio beacon measurement and terrain image matching are considered as external measurements and included into the navigation filter to correct the inertial basis and drift. Then, extended Kalman filtering (EKF) algorithm is designed to estimate the position state of Mars rovers and suppress the measurement noise. Finally, the localization algorithm proposed in this paper is validated by computer simulation with different parameter sets.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the use of 3-dimensional (3D) laser scanning and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as methods of root surface measurement. Materials and Methods: Thirty teeth (15 maxillary first premolars and 15 mandibular first premolars) from 8 patients who required extractions for orthodontic treatment were selected. Before extraction, pre-treatment CBCT images of all the patients were recorded. First, a CBCT image was imported into simulation software (Mimics version 15.01; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) and the root surface area of each tooth was calculated using 3-Matic (version 7.01, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). After extraction, all the teeth were scanned and the root surface area of each extracted tooth was calculated. The root surface areas calculated using these 2 measurement methods were analyzed using the paired t-test (P<.05). Correlations between the 2 methods were determined by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) was used to assess intraobserver reliability. Results: The root surface area measurements ($230.11{\pm}41.97mm^2$) obtained using CBCT were slightly greater than those ($229.31{\pm}42.46mm^2$) obtained using 3D laser scanning, but not significantly (P=.425). A high Pearson correlation coefficient was found between the CBCT and the 3D laser scanner measurements. The intraobserver ICC was 1.000 for 3D laser scanning and 0.990 for CBCT. Conclusion: This study presents a novel CBCT approach for measuring the root surface area; this technique can be used for estimating the root surface area of non-extracted teeth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3213-3218
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• 2012

When patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) are treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), efficacy is monitored by the extent of tumor shrinkage. Since their publication in 1981, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines have been widely practiced in clinical trials and oncologic practice, for standardized tumor response evaluation. With advances in cancer treatment and tumor imaging, a simpler criterion based on one-dimensional rather than bi-dimensional (WHO) tumor measurement, named Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was introduced in 2000. Both approaches have four response categories: complete response, partial response, stable disease and progressive disease (PD). Bi-dimensional measurement data of 151 patients with ABC were analysed with WHO and RECIST criteria to compare their response categories and inter criteria reproducibility by Kappa statistics. There was 94% concordance and 9/151 patients were recategorized with RECIST including 6/12 PD cases. RECIST therefore under-estimates and delays diagnosis of PD. This is undesirable because it may delay or negate switch over to alternate therapy. Analysis was repeated with a new criteria named RECIST-Breast (RECIST-B), with a lower threshold for PD (${\geq}10%$ rather than ${\geq}20%$ increase of RECIST). This showed higher concordance of 97% with WHO criteria and re-categorization of only 4/151 patients (1/12 PD cases). RECIST-B criteria therefore have advantages of both ease of measurement and calculations combined with excellent concordance with WHO criteria, providing a practical clinical tool for response evaluation and offering good comparison with past and current clinical trials of NACT using WHO guidelines.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the shrinkage and expansion strain of ultraviolet (UV)-cured resin according to the wavelength of the light source and compare the shrinkage and expansion. Methods: We prepared the mold with according to the ISO 4049 specimen. The size of the circle in the mold was prepared with a height of 6.02 mm and a diameter of 4 mm. UV-curable resin for three-dimensional (3D) printing was injected into the circular mold. The control group was irradiated with a wavelength of 400~405 nm using UV-curing equipment (400 group), and the experimental group was irradiated with a wavelength of 460~465 nm (460 group). Both groups were produced ten specimens. The produced specimen was first measured with a digital micrometer. After the first measurement, the specimen was immersed in a constant temperature water bath for 15 days, after which the second measurement was performed, and the third measurement was taken after 30 days. The measured values were analyzed using the independent sample t-test (α=0.05). Results: In the non-immersion water tank, the contraction was 0.9% in the 400 group and 1.3% in the 460 group. In the constant temperature bath, the expansion was high at -0.4% in the 400 group for 15 days, and the smallest expansion was -0.03% for the 400 group for 30 days. There were significant differences between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The 400 group had a lower UV resin specimen strain than the 460 group. Therefore, it is recommended to use the wavelength required by the UV-curing resin.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2009

In this study, foot shapes were compared between the men in their 20's and 60's, with the application of 3-dimensional measurement data, and the classification was established in consideration of each of their features. The results are as follows: 1. The investigation into the differences between the groups for the 3-dimensional measurement items of the men in their 20's and 60's indicated that those in their 20's had larger values than those in the 60's age group for all of the length items, while those in the 60's age group had larger values for all of the angle items. 2. The analysis of the constituting factors for the feet of those in their 60's and 20's resulted in the 7 items for the 20's age group and 8 items for those in the 60's age group. 3. The comparison of foot classifications for the 60's age group and 20's age group presented 3 types each for both groups, but the features of each type was different. To examine each characteristic by each type and age group, following can be determined of the 60's age group. Type 1 had a thick instep, high malleolus position and heel and a thick formed ankle. Type 2 the entire foot was small, and the big toe was formed in such a way that it tened to bend toward the inside. When the whole size compared with similar Type 1, Type 3 had a low instep, a low heel, the big toe did not bend and ankle form was thin. The following can be determined of the 20's age group. Type 1 had narrow width a thin ankle and the big toe was formed in such a way that it bended toward the inside. Compared with length, Type 2 had wide width and a thick ankle. Type 3 had a larger overall size, thick instep and wide and the toe was big, but the characteristic of inside and outside of a malleolus position was low and the big toe's form showed no tendencies to bend.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.894-898
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• 2011

The first example of lead compound from $Pb(NO_3)_2$ and $H_3L$ N-heterocyclic ligand $(H_3L\;=\;(HO_2C)_2(C_3N_2)(C_3H_7)CH_2(C_6H_4)(C_6H_3)CO_2H)$, $[Pb_4(L')_4]{\cdot}5H_2O$ 1 (L' = OOC$(C_3H_7)(C_3N_2)CH_2(C_6H_4)(C_6H_3)COO)$, has been obtained under hydrothermal condition by decarboxylation, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGDTA, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 possesses a rare two-dimensional upper-lower offset terrace-like layer structure. In 1, crystallographic distinct Pb(II) ion adopts five-coordination geometry, and two lattice water molecules occupy the voids between 2-D layers. Results of solid state fluorescence measurement indicate that the emission band 458 nm may be assigned to $\pi^*-n$ and $\pi^*-\pi$ electronic transitions within the aromatic systems of the ligand L', however, the emission bands centred at 555 nm, 600 nm and 719 nm may be derived from phosphorescent emission ($\lambda_{excitation}$ = 390 nm).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.613-624
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• 2013

Multi-dimensional two-phase phenomena occur in many industrial applications, particularly in a nuclear reactor during steady operation or a transient period. Appropriate modeling of complicated behavior induced by a multi-dimensional flow is important for the reactor safety analysis results. SPACE, a safety analysis code for thermal hydraulic systems which is currently being developed, was designed to have the capacity of multi-dimensional two-phase thermo-dynamic phenomena induced in the various phases of a nuclear system. To validate the performance of SPACE, a two-dimensional two-phase flow test was performed with slab geometry of the test section having a scale of $1.43m{\times}1.43m{\times}0.11m$. The test section has three inlet and three outlet nozzles on the bottom and top gap walls, respectively, and two outlet nozzles installed directly on the surface of the slab. Various kinds of two-dimensional air/water flows were simulated by selecting combinations of the inlet and outlet nozzles. In this study, two-dimensional two-phase void fraction profiles were quantified by measuring the local gap impedance at 225 points. The flow conditions cover various flow regimes by controlling the flow rate at the inlet boundary. For each selected inlet and outlet nozzle combination, the water flow rate ranged from 2 to 20 kg/s, and the air flow rate ranged from 2.0 to 20 g/s, which corresponds to 0.4 to 4 m/s and 0.2 to 2.3 m/s of the superficial liquid and gas velocities based on the inlet port area, respectively.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2002

An efficient torso pattern has been developed to cope with the future trend of order-based, individualized production like the E.C.(Electronic Commerce) in the apparel industry, and to make a database foundation of automatic garment pattern drafting. For this purpose, a non-contact three-dimensional anthropometric measurement system was used to provide a lot of accurate body data for better individual fit, and an automatic pattern drafting system that can easily generate various size patterns and construct a pattern database has been developed too. The subjects of this research were 18 to 24 year-old women whose data had been gathered through the Korean national investigation of anthropometry for industrial standards in 1997 and various body shapes were analyzed by the measurements. And a special software system has been developed to verify the validity of newly proposed drawing rules. The results of sensory evaluation for appearance and moving fitness of the new torso pattern showed a significant improvement in individual fit even for the figures with large deviation from standard shape compared with the results of the traditional one.