• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1989

쥐치의 향기성분을 동정하기 위하여 Likerson형의 연속증류추출 및 탄산가스추출법을 이용하여 휘발성 성분을 동정하였다. 그 결과 중성획분에서 55 성분, pherol 성획분에서 4 성분, 염기성획분에서 13 성분 및 산성획분에서 10 성분이 분리$\cdot$동정되었고 중성획분에서는 가열$\cdot$배소 후 propanol, butanol, octanol, dodecanol등의 alcohol류 그리고 pentanal, hexanal, 2-methyl-1-propanal, heptenal등의 aldehyde의 함량이 크게 증가하여 flavor 형성에 크게 기여할 것으로 생각되어 진다. 분리 $\cdot$동정된 phenol 류는 분자량(m/e) $100\-160$ 정도로 나타났으며, 염기성획분에서는 2-methylpyrazine, 2,5-di-methylpyrasine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine 등 과 2-methylpyridine등이 동정되었다. 이들과 함께 중성획분에서 동정된 furan류가 가열온도의 증가와 함께 그 함량이 증가하였다. 산성획분에서는 배소시료 구분에서 isocaproic acid 및 caproic acid의 함량이 많았다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2003

5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is an active ingredient of therapeutic agents used for Crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis. Because it is absorbed rapidly and extensively in the upper intestine, delivery of the agent specifically to the colon is necessary. We selected taurine as a colon-specific promoiety and designed 5-aminosalicyltaurine (5-ASA-Tau) as a new colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). It was expected that introduction of taurine would restrict the absorption of the prodrug and show additive effect to the anti-inflammatory action of 5-ASA after hydrolysis. 5-ASA-Tau was prepared in good yield by a simple synthetic route. The apparent partition coefficient of 5-ASA-Tau in 1-octanol/pH 6.8 phosphate buffer or $CHCl_3$/pH 6.8 phosphate buffer was 0.10 or 0.18, respectively, at $37^{\circ}C$. To determine the chemical and biochemical stability in the upper intestinal environment, 5-ASA-Tau was incubated in pH 1.2 and 6.8 buffer solutions, and with the homogenates of tissue and contents of stomach or small intestine of rats at $37^{\circ}C$. 5-ASA was not detected from any of the incubation medium with no change in the concentration of 5-ASA-Tau. On incubation of 5-ASA-Tau with the cecal and colonic contents of rats, the fraction of the dose released as 5-ASA was 45% and 20%, respectively, in 8 h. Considering low partition coefficient and stability in the upper intestine, 5-ASA-Tau might be nonabsorbable and stable in the upper intestine. After oral administration, it would be delivered to the colon in intact form and release 5-ASA and taurine. These results suggested 5-ASA-Tau as a promising colon-specific prodrug of 5-ASA.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2003

유기주석화합물은 농업과 산업분야에서 많이 쓰이고, 이들은 수계환경으로 유입되어 물이나 저질 중의 세균들에 의해 분해되어 최종적으로는 무기주석으로 된다. Trialkyltin 화합물이 해양생물에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 많은 연구가 있지만, 해양생태계에서 기초적인 생산을 담당하는 플랑크톤류에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 TBT와 TPT의 분해물인 DBT, MBT, DPT, MPT를 비롯하여 trimethyltin(TMT)과 그분해물인 dimethyltin (DMT)이 기수산 rotifer의 생존에 미치는 독성(96hr-$LC_{50}$)을 조사.비교하였다. 그 결과, DPT(13.8ppb)가 가장 강했으며 TMT(42.9), DBT(80.6), MPT(262.2), MBT와 DMT(>1,000)의 순으로 나타났다. 즉, trialkyltin과 dialkyltin에서는 페닐주석, 부칠주석, 메칠주석의 순으로 독성이 약해지며, mo-noalkyltin에서도 페닐주석화합물이 메칠주석화합물에 비해 독성이 강하다는 것을 확인할 수가 있었다. 이렇듯 독성이 서로 다른 것은 유기주석화합물의 소수성(lipo-philicity)과도 높은 상관이 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.713-729
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to develop retorted samgyetang marinated with different levels of soy sauce and processed at different F₀ (thermal death time at 121℃) values. The tested marinade series comprised different percentages of soy sauce in water (0%, 25%, and 50% [w/w]) containing a fixed concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate (0.3% [w/w]). Following marination, samgyetang was prepared and subjected to retort processing, until an F₀ value of either 8 or 29 was achieved. Meat quality analysis of the breast meat, sensory evaluation, and aroma analysis were performed as indicators of acceptability. The meat pH decreased as the soy sauce content increased, regardless of the F₀ value. The shear force value significantly decreased as the concentration of soy sauce increased, but increased as the F₀ value increased (p < 0.05). Lipid oxidation was not affected by marination, but increased significantly as the F₀ value increased (p < 0.05). The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as the F₀ value increased. The total alkane content decreased as the F₀ value increased (p < 0.05). Changes in the total volatile sulfur compound and 2-butyl-1-octanol content were affected by soy sauce marination. Marination using 25% soy sauce and retort sterilization, until an F₀ value of either 8 or 29 was achieved, improved the acceptability of samgyetang. Therefore, marination using 25% soy sauce and retort sterilization until an F₀ value of 8 is the process recommended for developing a soy sauce-flavored, retorted samgyetang product of acceptable quality.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2001

Butyrolactone ester of ceftezole (CFZ-BL) was synthesized by esterification of ceftezole (CFZ) with ${\alpha}-bromo-{\gamma}-butyrolactone$. The synthesis was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. CFZ-BL was more lipophilic than CFZ when the lipophilicity was assessed by partition coefficients between n-octanol and water at various pH. CFZ-BL itself did not show any microbiological activity in vitro, but serums taken after oral administration of CFZ-BL showed substaintial microbiological activity indicating that CFZ-BL is converted to microbiologically active metabolite, probably CFZ, in the body. The conversion was confirmed by in vitro incubation study, in which CFZ-BL was incubated in some body tissues of rabbit. Liver homogenate showed fastest conversion of CFZ-BL among the tissues tested (blood and intestine). Thus, CFZ-BL appeares to be rapidly metabolized in the liver to CFZ following oral administration. The metabolism process appears to be hydrolysis of the ester to CFZ, the parent drug of CFZ-BL. In vivo metabolism of CFZ-BL to CFZ was confirmed by analying CFZ by HPLC. CFZ concentration in the serum samples taken after oral administration of CFZ-BL were higher than those in the serum samples taken after oral administration of equivalent amount of CFZ. Oral bioavailability of CFZ-BL, a prodrug of CFZ, was 1.45-fold higher than that of CFZ in rabbits possibly due to enhanced lipophility and absorption of the prodrug.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 미생물의 대사체계를 이용하여 유자껍질내의 유자정유성분을 생전환 시키므로써 고부가가치 고기능성 천연향의 발굴 생산을 시도하였다. 유자정유 성분 대사능 유전자를 지닌 E. coli 형질전환주 EC3, EC4, EC6의 공동 배양액을 유자정유가 유일한 탄소원인 M9배지에서 28$^{\circ}C$로 진탕배양 하였다. 각 공동 배양액(EC3+EC4. EC3+EC6, EC4+EC6 and EC3+C4+EC6)은 각 형질전환주의 단독배양 보다 3∼4배 더 높은 생육도를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 공동배양에 의해 생전환된 물질들은 GC-MS에 의해 확인하였다. 각 공동배양액의 주요한 대사산물로는 linalool, 4-terpineol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol이 공통적으로 검출되었다. 소량씩 존재하나 배양액의 주요한 향을 결정할 것으로 보이는 각기 다른 terpene 계열 화합물들이 각각의 공동배양액 대사산물로 검출 되었는데, 공동배양액EC3+EC4에서는 elemol, ocimene, nonanal, trans-2-nonenal이 공동배양액EC3+EC6에서는 cis-ocimene, 2-octanol, octanal. ${\alpha}$-terpinolene, 공동배양액 C4+EC6에서는 ocimene, 그리고 공동배양액EC3+EC4+EC6에서는 nonanal, 2-octenol, iso-menthol, ocimene이 각각 검출되었다.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2002년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.154-154
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• 2002

Benzoyl peroxide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 1,375 tons/year in Korea as of 2001 survey. The substance is mainly used as initiators in polymerization, catalysts in the plastics industry, bleaching agents for flour and medication for acne vulgaris. The substance is one of seven chemicals of which human health and environmental risks are being assessed by National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) under the frame of OECD SIDS Program. In this study, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) is used for getting adequate information on the physical-chemical property and the environmental fate of this chemical. For the assessment of benzoyl peroxide, models such as MPBPWIN for vapor pressure, KOWWIN for octanol/water partition coefficient, HENRYWIN for Henry's Law constant, AOPWIN for photolysis and BCFWN for bioconcentration factor (BCF) were used. These (Q)SAR model programmes were worked by using the SHILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) notations. The physical-chemical properties and the environmental fate of benzoyl peroxide were estimated as followed : vapor pressure =0.00929 Pa, Log Kow = 3.43, Henry's Law constant = 0.00000354 atm-㎥/mole at 25 $^{\circ}C$, the half-life of photodegradation = 3 days, bioconcentration factor (BCF) = 92

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

A number of different methods have been used for modeling the sorption of volatile organic chlorinated compounds such as tetrachloroethylene/perchloroethylene (PCE). In this study, PCE was adsorbed in several natural sorbents, i.e., Pahokee peat, vermicompost, BionSoil^®, and natural soil, in the batch experiments. Several sorption models such as linear, Freundlich, solubility-normalized Freundlich model, and Polanyi-Manes model (PMM) were used to analyze sorption isotherms. The relationship between sorption model parameters, organic carbon content (f_oc), and elemental C/N ratio was studied. The organic carbon normalized partition coefficient values (log K_oc = 1.50-3.13) in four different sorbents were less than the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient (log K_ow = 3.40) of PCE due to high organic carbon contents. The log K_oc decreased linearly with log f_oc and log C/N ratio, but increased linearly with log O/C, log H/C, and log (N+O)/C ratio. Both log K_F,oc or log K_F,oc decreased linearly with log f_oc (R² = 0.88-0.92) and log C/N ratio (R² = 0.57-0.76), but increased linearly with log (N+O)/C (R² = 0.93-0.95). The log q_max,oc decreased linearly as log f_oc and log C/N increased, whereas it increased with log O/C, log H/C and log (N+O)/C ratios. The log q_max,oc increased linearly with (N+O)/C indicating a strong dependence of q_max,oc on the polarity index. The results showed that PCE sorption behaviors were strongly correlated with the physicochemical properties of soil organic matter (SOM).

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1992

흡수식 열펌프에서 폭 넓게 사용되고 있는 대표적인 냉매/흡수용액은 $H_2O$ / LiBr 계이다 그러나, LiBr 수용액의 점성계수는 LiBr의 농도가 커짐에 따라 증가하기 때문에, LiBr수용액의 농용액 영역에서 물질확산계수가 감소한다. 이 결점을 보완하기 위해 흡수용액에 계면활성제를 첨가시키므로서 흡수를 촉진시키는 방식을 이용하고 있다. 계면활성제의 첨가에 의한 흡수용액의 열 및 물질이동 촉진에 관한 연구는 계면활성제 첨가농도에 의해 흡수용액의 표면상에서 게면활성제가 액적으로 존재하는 계면활성제 포화용해도 이상의 조건에서 발생하는 마랑고니대류가 효과적이다. 이 흡수촉진효과는 냉매증기의 흡수시 흡수용액표면상의 분포한 계면활성제와 흡수용액사이의 표면장력차에 기인하는 계면교한 현상에 기인한다. 그러나, 이흡수촉지효과는 냉매증기의 흡수가 일어나는 흡수기 내부의 不안정상태, 즉, 불응축성가스(공기)가 존재하지 않는 조건하에서 이루어지며, 불응축성가스가 흡수촉진저하(열 및 물질이동의 저하)에 기인하는 연구는 보고된 바 없다. 이러한 불응축성가스가 흡수기 내부에 존재할 때 계면교한의 거동 및 열 및 물질이동저하현상을 파악하기 위하여 계면활성제 농도변화(포화용해도 이상 및 이하의 두 조건)에 따른 증기흡수 실험 및 계면교한가시화 실험을 행하였다. 결과적으로 본실험을 통하여 불응축성가스가 수증기흡수에 끼치는 영향을 파악(계면교란의 악화) 첨가시의 흡수량과 不安定상태(불응축성가스가 존재시)의 증기흡수량의 비교에 의해 급격한 증기흡수저하가 不安定상태하에서 발생함으로서 불응축성가스가 흡수촉진효과(계면교한현상)을 저해시키는 결론을 얻었다.es and facts obtained by the expenence in this area, respectively. Both depth-first search and backward chaining schemes are used in reasoning process. This expert system is written in an artificial intelligence language "PROLOG", and its availability is demonstrated through the case study.e함량은 감소되었으며 sulfhydryl기가 증가됨에 따라서 disulfide groups은 감소되는 경향을 보였고 ascorbic acid는 열처리 온도뿐만 아니라 시간과도 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 저온 살균유와 초고온 살균유 사이에서는 지표물질들의 함량이 다소 차이가 있음을 볼 수 있었다.담시간이 구체적으로 기술되지 않았으며, 고유한 언어를 통역하는 과정에서 의미론적 문제에 대한 고려가 부족하였다. 면접과 기록과정에서 보면 자료의 기록과정과 분류 및 분석과정이 명시되어 있지 않았다. 참여관찰과 면접방법을 사용시 이에 대한 자세한 기술이 되어 있지 않았다. 5. 연구결과의 적용 및 이에 대한 논의는 상당히 제한되어 있었는데, 수편의 연구만이 방법론 문제점과 앞으로의 연구분야에 대한 전망을 제시하였으며, 특이한 것은 어 떤 연구자도 이른 개발을 위한 적용 및 임상실무적 차원에서 간호에 대한 제언을 하지 않았다.유모델변수들은 유입-유출 자료들로부터 평가할 수 있으며, 이를 위해서 본 논문에서는 Gauss-Newton 방법을 이용한 Bard

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Background: Glutaraldehyde (GA) is a widely used cross-linking agent for improving mechanical properties and resistance to enzymatic degradation of collagenous tissue, but it has several drawbacks such as calcification and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to find the alternative effective cross-linking methods to GA. Materials and Methods: Bovine pericardium was processed with GA with ethanol+octanol and glycine detoxification, and polyethylene glycol (PG) space filler, dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) treatment, and the physical fixation of ultraviolet irradiation were done. The biologic material properties of variously treated pericardial tissues were assessed by biochemical, mechanical and histological tests. Treated pericardial tissues were also implanted subcutaneously or intramuscularly into the rabbit for 10 weeks to assess the xenoreactive antibody response of immunoglobulin G and M, their anti-calcification effect. Results: The biochemical and mechanical properties of EDC fixed pericardial tissues were comparable to the GA fixed tissue. The cytotoxicity was lowest in space filler treated GA fixed group. In rabbit subcutaneous or intramuscular implantation models, decellularization, space filler, EDC treatment group showed significantly lower calcium content than GA only and DTBP treatment group (p<0.05, analysis of variance). The titer of anti $Gal{\alpha}1-3Gal{\beta}1$-4GlcNAc-R antibodies did not change in the postimplantation serial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin and von Kossa staining showed that decellularization, space filler, EDC, and ultraviolet treatment had less inflammatory cell infiltration and calcium deposits. Conclusion: The decellularization process, PG filler, and EDC treatments are good alternative cross-linking methods compared to GA only fixation and primary amine of DTBP treatment for cardiovascular xenograft preservation in terms of the collagen cross-linking stability and in vivo anti-calcification effects.