• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

This paper investigated the relationship between El $Ni\widetilde{n}o-Southern$ Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode events and the impacts of these two phenomena on the climate, temperature and precipitation, of the Korean Peninsula. Data gathered from 1954 to 2004 were used for analysis, which included NINO 3 index, IOD index, and monthly mean precipitation and temperature at eleven locations in Korea. Statistical results showed that the IOD and ENSO were significantly correlated in Spring and Fall. It was clearly shown that the distribution of the sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean has seen the Southern and Northern Oscillation in El $Ni\widetilde{n}o$ year, and Eastern and Western in IOD year. On the other hand, in El $Ni\widetilde{n}o$ you, the mean temperature of the Korea Peninsula was lower than normal in Summer and higher in Winter and its precipitation was more than normal in both Summer and Winter. However, significant correlation was not found in IOD year. In addition, the global atmospheric circulations during the major IOD years are less influential, unlike those of El $Ni\widetilde{n}o$ events.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

Purpose: We evaluated indications for chorionic villus sampling (CVS), the positive predictive value of CVS for fetal chromosomal abnormalities, and the fetal loss rate after CVS at CHA Medical Center. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 511 cases of CVS performed between 67 and 120 days of gestation for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis from April 2000 to April 2010. Fetal karyotypes were obtained by direct and indirect culture methods. Results: The most common indications for CVS were abnormal ultrasonic findings including increased nuchal translucency (294/635, 46.3%). The positive predictive value of abnormal karyotyping according to indication for CVS was highest in cases with abnormal parental karyotypes (14/21, 66.7%). Mosaicism revealed by CVS comprised 3.1% of the sample (16/509). Amniocentesis revealed two cases of true mosaicism and 11 cases of confined placental mosaicism. The fetal loss rate within 4 weeks of the procedure was 1.2% (6/511). Conclusion: If CVS is performed by an expert clinician, it is a feasible and reliable procedure for prenatal genetic diagnosis. When CVS indicates mosaicism, the finding should be confirmed by amniocentesis to distinguish true mosaicism from confined placental mosaicism.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.5 s.82
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• pp.565-578
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• 2000

The aim of this study was development of the Straight-Wire Appliance(SWA) suitable lot the treatment or Korean. To accomplish the object of this study, Korean adult with normal occlusion were selected with following criteria : 1) no functional abnormality in the craniofacial area, 2) good dental arch form and posterior occlusal relationship, 3) Angle Class I occlusal relationship, 4) no experience of orthodontic, nor prosthodontic treatment, especially, no dental treatment on labial and buccal surfaces of teeth, 5) good racial profile. Impression were taken for upper and lower dental arches or the selected normal occlusion samples and the orthodontic dental stone models were fabricated. 5 well-trained orthodontists had examined the acquired dental stone models to select study samples which satisfy the Six keys to optimal occlusion of Andrews. 155 pairs of dental stone models (92 pairs of Male, 63 of Female) were finally selected. 3 dimensional digitization were performed with the Coordinate Measuring Machine(CMM, MPC802, WEGU-Messtechnik, Germany) and measuring of Angulation, Inclination, In-and-Out, Molar offset angle and Arch form were accomplished with a measuring software to achieve data for the development of SWA. Before the measurement, error study was performed on the 3 dimensional digitization with CMM, and the analysis of reliability of computerized measuring method adapted in this study and conventional manual method Presented by Andrews was performed. Results of this study were as to)lows : 1. Equi-distance digitization with mesh size 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm were acceptable in 3 dimensional digitization of dental stone model with the CMM, and the digitization with 1.0 mm mesh size was recommendable in terms of efficiency. 2. Computerized measuring method with 3 dimensional digitization was more reliable than manual measuring method of Andrews. 3. Data were collected for the development of SWA suitable for the morphological characteristics of Korean with the computerized measuring method with 3 dimensional digitization.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.420-425
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• 2016

The present study aimed to calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents were compared with reference values indicated on the nutrition label of nutrition emphasized food. Also, this paper will briefly review and evaluate what is currently known about Fe-Zn and Ca-Fe interaction. Ca, Fe or Zn-emphasized product, including cereal, snack, soy milk, chocolate product, other cocoa product, sugars product, beverage and tea were analyzed. The contents of Ca, Fe, and Zn in samples after dry-ashing were examined by ICP. The measured Ca (n = 42), Fe (n = 13), Zn (n = 6) values were ranged 87~176%, 98~167%, 98~275% of reference value indicated product, respectively. All samples were ranged more than 80% of the reference value, which were complied with food regulation. High intake of Ca has been shown to adversely affect Fe absorption and the negative effect of Fe on Zn absorption is well known. Therefore, it is important to consider Ca-Fe and Fe-Zn absorption interaction, when Ca, Fe or Zn-emphasized product produce and nutrition labeling policy should be managed regularly with continuous monitoring.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.2 s.88
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• pp.113-124
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• 2006

Among tile traffic safety facilities, median barriers are installed above 4-lane national roads due to the awareness of haying an effect on preventing the front collision. Studies about the installation effect analysis of median harrier have been carried out through both at home and outside, mainly indicating total accident reduction effect on pertinent sections. In sum, study about how the accident occurrence form is changed at the point classified by the accident type or severity is insignificant. In the case of outside the country, calculating the accident reduction effect according to the type of median barriers is main research and in domestic, though there is a part of researches assessing reduction effect by accident types, it is not reliable in the view or statistics because of using only 1year's before-aftev data installing the facility, So in this Paper. it is the main purpose to presume the accident conversion effect. For this, we conduct an investigation and collect data about 7-year's accident data containing before-after Project, safety facilities foundation records and index of road alignment on the subject of 4-1ane national roads(108.6km) existing median barrier. Next. using the empirical bayes method, we estimate a model construction and accident conversion effect of accident type severity. We expect the result or this Paper will be applied for a policy execution and Presentation of facility standard related to median barrier from now on.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate RPM maintenance in X-Smart according to the power supplied by the AC adapter and rechargeable battery. Five new X-Smart were used in this study. A handpiece with rubber disk which has reflective tape was mounted on the vice. To measure the RPM, a non-contact type digital tachometer was used. RPM measurements were recorded every 5 minutes to 180 minutes and repeated 3 times per motor from each power source. To evaluate a difference of the RPM changes, two-way repeated measures were performed using $SPSS^{TM}$ 14.0. All tests were conducted at the 95 percent confidence level. There was no significant difference in the RPM change between the power sources. Continuous use of X-Smart with a rechargeable battery for up to 180 minutes could be safely used as an endodontic wireless motor with a reliable RPM maintenance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to determine factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy. The study subjects were 104 tuberculosis patients who have received the initial treatment in 3 health centers of Kyongju-City, Dalseong-Gun in Teagu and Kumi-City. Data were collected between September and October 1995. The patients were classified into the improved group and the non-improved group according to outcomes of 3 month treatment with short-term therapeutic regimen. To find factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy, multiple logistic regression was made. There was no significant differences between the improved group and the non-improved group in sex, age, education level, occupation, family pattern, and habitual change regarding smoking and drinking. The level of knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy in the improved group was significantly higher than the non-improved group(p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that family support for not forgetting medication (p<0.05) wis a predictor of improvement and knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy(p=0.054), regularity of medication(p=0.062), and consultation to family, doctor and nurse(p=0.075) were marginal predictors of improvement. Treatment must be given to every patient confirmed as having tuberculosis and must be given free of charge to the patients. The requirements for adequate chemotherapy are prescribed in the correct dosage and taken regularly by the patient for a sufficient period to prevent relapse of the disease after cure. It is suggested that education to the patients should be reinforced and connectedness between patients and tuberculosis control workers and family should be solidated.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

There have been much efforts to reconstruct the science curriculum focusing on Disciplinary Core Ideas(DCI) in many countries such as America and Europe, the most practical effort has been to design a curriculum with learning progressions(LPs). LPs describe stepwise how students can systematically move toward the understanding of more sophisticated ideas or scientific activities and explain in succession the process of understanding the ideas while the students learn. In this study, a LP for ecosystems has been developed, and the developed LP is then evaluated accordingly. The Ecosystem is one of the DCI of the life science in Next Generation Science Standards(NGSS). The development process of the LP was set at step 4(Development, Assessment, Analysis, and Amendment), and developed through an iterative process of sequences. As a result of analyzing the developed LP, an assessment based on the LP provides reliable information to identifying student ability. This study proposes the development process of the LP and its methodological aspects to use Core Achievement Standards, Ordered Multiple-Choice items and the Rasch model. In addition, using the empirically proven LP suggests a way of strengthening curriculum linked to educational content, teaching methods and assessment. Utilizing the proposed development process in this study will be to present the standard into the direction of becoming part of the curriculum. Currently, the state of domestic research for the LP is still lacking. This study determined the development process of the LP and the need to conduct future research on the LPs.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.409-419
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• 2024

Climate change is already impacting sustainable water resource management. The influence of climate change on water supply from reservoirs has been generally assessed using climate change scenarios generated based on global climate models. However, inherent uncertainties exist due to the limitations of estimating climate change by assuming IPCC carbon emission scenarios. The decision scaling approach was applied to mitigate these issues in this study focusing on four reservoir watersheds: Chungju, Yongdam, Hapcheon, and Seomjingang reservoirs. The reservoir water supply reliablity was analyzed by combining the rainfall-runoff model (IHACRES) and the reservoir operation model based on HEC-ResSim. Water supply reliability analysis was aimed at ensuring the stable operation of dams, and its results ccould be utilized to develop either structural or non-structural water supply plans. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess potential risks that might arise during the operation of reserviors under various climate conditions. Using observed precipitation and temperature from 1995 to 2014, 49 climate stress scenarios were developed (7 precipitation scenarios based on quantiles and 7 temperature scenarios ranging from 0℃ to 6℃ at 1℃ intervals). Our study demonstrated that despite an increase in flood season precipitation leading to an increase in reservoir discharge, it had a greater impact on sustainable water management compared to the increase in non-flood season precipitation. Furthermore, in scenarios combining rainfall and temperature, the reliability of reservoir water supply showed greater variations than the sum of individual reliability changes in rainfall and temperature scenarios. This difference was attributed to the opposing effects of decreased and increased precipitation, each causing limitations in water and energy-limited evapotranspiration. These results were expected to enhance the efficiency of reservoir operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1991.04a
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• pp.17-22
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• 1991

최근 기계장치로부터 발생하는 소음을 감소시키는 새로운 방법으로서, 능동 적으로 소음을 제어하는 방법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이것은 원하지 않는 소음을 그 신호의 역위상을 갖는 부가음을 이용하여 능동적으 로 감쇠시키는 방법으로서, 저주파수 대역에서 비효율적인 수동적인 방법인 소음기둥에 대한 대안으로 많은 학자들의 관심의 대상이 되어 왔다. 초기에 는 소음을 줄이기 위해 요구되는 여러가지 음향요소의 전달함수를 제어하는 데 대한 불가능성으로 인해 능동 소음제어에 대한 실질적인 발전이 지연되 어 왔으나 최근 마이크로 컴퓨터를 비롯한 전자공학의 발전으로 인해 적응 신호처리 분야가 등장하게 되었으며, 음향계의 소음을 원하는 수준까지 제어 하는 능동 소음제어의 실시간 구현이 가능하게 되었다. 그 중에서도 음이 1 차원적으로 전파한다고 볼 수 있는 길이가 긴 덕트구조물에서의 능동 소음 제어는 가장 기본적이며 현실적으로 자동차 배기계나 냉동.공조설비에 있어 서 실용적으로 적용할 수 있는 문제임 만큼 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 능동 소음제어 방법을 음향계에 적용하였을 때, 부가적인 음을 발생 하는 제어용 스피커로 인해 입력마이크로폰으로의 음향궤환이 존재하고 이 에 따라 제어계가 불안정해질 수 있으며, 또한 변환기의 사용으로 인한 부가 적인 전달함수가 존재하므로 이에 대한 중요한 의미를 갖고 고려하여야 한 다. 본 연구에서는 적응 필터링 이론에 의한 소음원의 입력신호에 대한 최적 한 예측으로써 부가음을 발생시키고, 입력신호 및 제어된 출력신호간의 차인 오차를 최소화 시키도록 하는 오차적응제어법을 이용한 능동소음 제어 방법 을 제시하였다. 이와 아울러 제어계의 환경변화에 따른 파라메타의 변화에 적응적으로 응답이 가능해야 하는 적응 소음제어 시스템에서, 음향궤환과 함 께 필히 고려해야 하는 부가적인 전달함수의 영향을 고려한 능동 소음제어 에 대해 연구하였다. 경량화 추세에 따라 지반이나 케이싱이 경량이거나 유연하여 회전축과 동적으로 연성된 경우 회전축-베어링-지반으로 이루어진 2중구조의 회전축 계 동특성을 해석할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하므로서 회전 기계류의 진동 전반에 걸친 문제점에 대한 그 원인과 현상을 명확히 분석하여 국내의 전기 계류의 보다 신뢰성있는 설계 및 제작자료를 확보하는데 기여할 수 있게 하 였다.존의 small molecular Gd-chelate에 비해 매우 큼을 알 수 있었다. MnPC는 간세포에 흡수된 후 담도계로 배출되는 간특이성 조영제임을 확인하였다. 장비 내에서 반복 시행한 평균값의 차이는 대체적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 다른 장비에서 반복 시행한 장비간의 사이에는 유의한 차이가 있는 경우가 더 많았다. 따라서 , MRS 검사를 소뇌나 뇌교의 어떤 절환에 적용하기 전에 각 장비 마다 정상 기준치를 반드시 얻은 후에 이상여부를 판 정하는 것이 필수적이라고 생각된다.EX> 이상이 적절한 진단기준으로 생각되었다. $0.4{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ 이상의 좌우 부피차를 보이는 모든 증례에서 육안적으로도 해마위축이 뚜렷이 나타났다. 결론 : MR영상을 이용한 해마의 부피측정은 해마경화증 환자의 진단에 있어 육안적인 MR 진단이 어려운 제한된 경우에만 실제적 도움을 줄 수 있는 보조적인 방법으로 생각된다.ofile whereas relaxivity at high field is not affected by τS. On the other hand, the change in τV does not affect low field profile but strongly in fluences on both inflection fie이 and the maximum relaxivity value. The results shows a fluences on both inflection field