• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.620-628
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• 1997

6-Aryl-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinon-2-thione derivatives 1a-c reacted with ethyl iodide to give the corresponded 2-S-ethylpyrimidin-4-one-derivatives 2a-c. Compounds 2a-c was, in turn, reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give the sulfur free reaction products, 3a-c. These reaction products were taken as the starting materials for the synthesis of several newly synthesized heterocyclic derivatives. Reactions with several halogenated ketones, esters, chloroacetic acid and chloroacetamide give pyrimidotriazines 8,12 and 15 while their reactions with formic acid, acetic acid and carbon disulfide gave the corresponded triazolopyrimidines 17 and 21. The reaction with both acetyl acetone and ethylacetoacetate gave the corresponded 2-$(3^{I},5^{I}-dimethyl-1^{I}-pyrazoly$pyrimidine derivatives 20a-c and 24a-c respectively while the reaction with cinnamonitriles 25a-h afforded the corresponded aryl hydrazopyrimidines 27a-f. The structure of these reaction products were eatablished based on both elemental anlayses and spectral data studies.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2015

Pollutants such as heavy metals and explosives originating from the military operational ranges can be migrated to adjacent surface water body or offsite soil, and can affect to local residents and aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, Korea Ministry of the National Defense has established various guidelines for environmental management including the installation of pollutant migration prevention facilities (PMPFs) and monitoring methodologies for heavy metals in the operational range soil and effluent and sediment of PMPFs. However, current guidelines neither address the explosive compounds such as 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) nor suggest detailed environmental investigation protocol. This paper introduces the new “Environmental Management Manual for Military Firing Ranges”, which includes the environmental criteria for explosives as well as the detailed investigation protocol for the affected environmental media including soil, effluent and sediment of PMPFs.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2017

In this study, (3,4-epoxycyclohexane)methyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate acrylate was synthesized by reacting (3,4-epoxycyclohexane)methyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate with acrylic acid to minimize hardening shrinkage and to improve heat resistance, which are known as disadvantages of photopolymers for 3D printing application. Urethane acrylate was synthesized by reacting 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamino alcohol, 2-hexylethyl acrylate, and isophorone diisocyanate in order to improve the mechanical properties without deteriorating the heat resistance. The physical properties before and after the synthesis of the acrylate and the mechanical properties when the urethane acrylate was applied were investigated. The reaction progress of the composite was examined by FTIR and $^{13}C$ NMR. The heat deflection temperature, flexural strength, and surface hardness of the molding were measured. The curing behavior by Photo-DSC ultraviolet irradiation was also examined.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

나노여과공정에서 폭발 오염물질인 TNT(2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene), RDX(Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine) 및 HMX(1, 3, 5, 7-Tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocane) 화약류의 잔류에 용존유기물의 오염과 무기물의 스케일링에 의한 케익층 형성 및 농도분극의 영향성을 분석하였다. 지표수 조건의 휴믹산 농도에 의한 나노여과공정에서는 용존유기물에 의한 나노여과막 오염이 발생되어도 플럭스의 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 휴믹산과 무기 스케일링이 동시에 발생되었을 경우에는 나노여과공정에서 플럭스의 감소가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 휴믹산과 $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$을 혼합하였을 때 플럭스 투과량이 42% 감소하였고 휴믹산만 첨가하였을 경우에 플럭스 투과량은 8% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 NF 막의 $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$스켈턴트 결정과 용존유기물이 칼슘($Ca^{2+}$)이온의 상호작용에 의해 막 표면에 증강된 케익층을 형성하여 NF 막의 플럭스를 감소시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 막의 크기배제에 의한 선택성을 기반으로 하여 폭발물의 나노여과막에 의한 잔류량을 조사할 경우 HMX(296.15, 83%) ${\gg}$ RDX(222.12, 49%) ≋ TNT(227.13, 32%)로 나타났다. 막 오염과 스케일링은 케익층의 형성으로 막 표면에서 증대된 농도 분극효과를 나타낼 수 있으나, 무기 스케일링 형성과 휴믹산에 의한 화약류의 잔류 영향성은 순수한 DI 및 NaCl 피드용액의 여과공정 결과와 크게 다르지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전량여과방식(Dead-end Flow)의 나노여과공정에서 화약류의 잔류 영향성은 임계크기에 의한 선택적 배제성이 케익층 형성 및 농도분극에 의한 잔류 영향성보다 크다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The durable FR treatments such Pyrovatex and Proban have been used for cotton fibers, while the finishes involve toxic ammonia or formaldehyde release during finishing process or finished products. In this study, ecofriendly flame-retardant treatment of cotton fabrics was carried out using UV-curable formulations of Vinyl bisphosphonic acid (VBPA), Acrylaminide and Triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, as a monomer, a comonomer and a cross-linking agent respectively, which can introduce a cross-linked copolymer networks. With an optimal finish formulation, the flame retardancy of LOI 29.8 was maintained even after 10 laundering cycles. In TGA analysis, the DTGA peak decreased from 389℃ to 252℃ and the amount of char yield increased from 6.1% to 46.1% compared to the untreated cotton. In addition, MCC analysis showed that Peak HR and THR decreased by 59.4% and 69.2% respectively, compared to the untreated cotton. The pyrolysis and combustion behaviors of the FR-treated cotton implied a condensed-phase flame-retarding mechanism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.967-977
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• 2021

A total of 37 bacterial isolates were obtained from dye-contaminated soil samples at a textile processing factory in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, and the potential of the isolates to decolorize and biotransform azo dye Reactive Red 141 (RR141) was investigated. The most potent bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus terrigena KKW2-005, which showed the ability to decolorize 96.45% of RR141 (50 mg/l) within 20 h under static conditions at pH 8.0 and a broad temperature range of 30-40℃. The biotransformation products were analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed four metabolites generated from the reductive biodegradation, namely sodium 3-diazenylnaphthalene-1,5-disulfonate (I), sodium naphthalene-2-sufonate (II), 4-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (III) and N¹-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) benzene-1,4-diamine (IV). Decolorization intermediates reduced phytotoxicity as compared with the untreated dye. However, they had phytotoxicity when compared with control, probably due to naphthalene and triazine derivatives. Moreover, genotoxicity testing by high annealing temperature-random amplified polymorphic DNA technique exhibited different DNA polymorphism bands in seedlings exposed to the metabolites. They compared to the bands found in seedlings subjected to the untreated dye or distilled water. The data from this study provide evidence that the biodegradation of Reactive Red 141 by P. terrigena KKW2-005 was genotoxic to the DNA seedlings.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1995

담수직파(湛水直播) 논에 발생(發生)되는 괴불을 효율적(效率的)으로 방제(防除)하기 위(爲)해 괴불의 발생(發生) 생태(生態)를 조사(調査)하고 약제(藥劑)를 이용(利用)한 방제(防除) 방법(方法)을 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 괴불의 발생(發生)은 적색광(赤色光)인 660nm광하(光下)에서 발생율(發生率)이 높았고 450nm인 청색광(靑色光)에서는 괴불발생(發生)이 억제(抑制)되었다. 2. 시비량(施肥量)이 적은 처리구(處理區)가 괴불의 발생량(發生量)이 높았고 비료(肥料)와 토양(土壤)의 혼화비율(混和比率)이 낮은 처리구(處理區)에서 괴불의 발생(發生)이 많았다. 3. 카바에이트계(系)와 트리아진계(系) 제초제(除草劑)가 괴불발생(發生) 억제효과(抑制效果)가 높았으나 발생(發生)된 괴불에 대(對)해서는 카바에이트계(系)는 발생(發生) 억제효과(抑制效果)가 없었고 트리아진계(系) 제초제(除草劑)는 발생전(發生前) 및 발생후(發生後)에도 높은 괴불 방제효과(防除效果)를 보였으며 쿠퍼등(等) 살균제(殺菌劑)도 괴불에 대(對)해 방제효과(防除效果)가 높았다. 4. 포장(圃場)에서의 괴볼 방제효과(防除效果)는 pyrazosulfuron molinate simetryne GR와 dimepiperate bensulfuron dimethametryn GR가 높은 괴불 방제효과(防除效果)를 보였고 담수직파(湛水直播)벼의 약해증상(藥害症狀)은 보이지 않았다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2015

RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) is the most important explosive contaminant, both in concentration and in frequency, at military shooting ranges in which green technologies such as phytoremediation or constructed wetlands are the best option for mitigation of explosive compounds discharge to the environment. A study was conducted with two identical lab-scale plug flow constructed wetlands planted with Amur silver grass to treat water artificially contaminated with 40 mg/L of toxic explosive compound, RDX. The reactor was inoculated with or without RDX degrading mixed culture to evaluate plant-microorganism interactions in RDX removal, transformation products distribution, and kinetic constants. RDX and its metabolites in water, plant, and sediment were analyzed by HPLC to determine mass balance and kinetic constants. After 30 days of operation, the reactor reached steady-state at which more than 99% of RDX was removed with or without the mixed culture inoculation. The major transformation product was TNX (Trinitroso-RDX) that comprised approximately 50% in the mass balance of both reactors. It was also the major compound in the plant root and shoot system. Acute toxicity analysis of the water samples showed more than 30% of toxicity reduction in the effluent than that of influent containing 40 mg/L of RDX. In the Amur silver grass mesocosm seeded with the mixed culture, the specific RDX removal rate, that is 1st order removal rate normalized to plant fresh weight, was estimated to be 0.84 kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ which is 16.7% higher than that in the planted only mesocosm. Therefore, the results of this study proved that Amur silver grass is an effective plant for RDX removal in constructed wetlands and the efficiency can be increased even more when applied with RDX degrading microbial consortia.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.205-214
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• 1976

담수상태하에서 Butachlor, Nitrofen, Benthiocarb+Simetryne, Propanil, Perfluidone 등의 제초제가 시비한 질소의 변화과정에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 요소와 약제를 처리한 후 $24\pm1^{\circ}C$에서 배양하면서 무기능 실소, pH 및 Eh의 변화를 검토하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Nitrofen, Benthiocarb + Simetryne, Propanil 등은 전 처리농도에서 요소의 분해에 의한 암모니아의 생성에 아무런 영향이 없었다. Butachlo 와 Perfluidone은 표준시용량의 8배의 고농도 처리에서 처음 암모니아의 생성을 다소 감소시켰으나 이 분해억제효과는 시일이 경과하면서 바로 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 2. Propanil을 제외한 공시약제 모두 전 처리농도에서 실화억제 효과를 찾아 볼 수 없었다 Propanil은 표준량의 8배의 고농도 처리에서 암모니아의 산화를 억제하여 앙모니아태 질소를 축적하고 아질산태 질소와 질산태 질소의 생성을 다소 감소시켰는데 이러한 경향은 시비질소의 농도가 높아지면서 다소 명확하여졌다. 3. PH와 Eh의 변화에 대한 공시약제의 영향은 거의 찾아 볼 수 없었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1784-1788
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• 2014

The present study suggests a novel method to produce raspberry-like microparticles containing diverse functional materials inside. The raspberry-like microparticles were produced from a random assembly of uniformly-sized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles via electrospraying. The solution containing the PMMA nanoparticles were supplied through the inner nozzle and compressed air was emitted through the outer nozzle. The air supply helped fast evaporation of acetone, so it enabled copious amount of microparticles as dry powder. The microparticles were highly porous both on the surface and interiors, hence various materials with a function of UV-blocking ($TiO_2$ nanoparticles and methoxyphenyl triazine) or anti-aging (ethyl(4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboxyamido) benzoate)) were loaded in large amount (17 wt % versus PMMA). The surface and interior structures of the microparticles were dependent on the characteristics of functional materials. The results clearly suggest that the process to prepare the raspberry-like microparticles can be an excellent approach to generate functional microstructures.