• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-71
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• 2013

Public Libraries should be open at times when the community can make the most effective and convenient use of library collections and services. In other words, public library must provide adequate open hours for local residents. In this respect, this study analyzed the minimum opening hours per week in public library standards of international organizations(IFLA/UNESCO) and major countries (USA, Canada, UK, France, Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea) and suggested a desirable minimum standards(under 10,000 population-45 hours ; over 10,000~20,000 population-50 hours ; over 20,000~50,000 population-55 hours ; over 50,000~100,000 population-60 hours ; over 100,000~300,000 population-65 hours ; over 300,000 population-70 hours) for opening hours per week of public library based on population size in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.392-397
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• 2015

This study was carried out to analyze the effects on mechanical properties of deteriorated wood member by outdoor condition. The surface color, mechanical properties and structural stability of traditional wooden structures, exposed in water and UV, could be changeable. For the purpose, accelerated weathering test based on outdoor condition was carried out. The weathering time levels were composed 0, 500, 1000, 1,500 and 2,000 hours and mechanical properties were evaluated on each specimen according to weathering time level. Bending properties were decreased on weathering but recovered after 1,000 hours. Fatigue and impact strength were decreased to 1,000 hours and did not changed since then. Abrasion resistance was minimized in 1,000 hours. This results could be utilized for effectively stability management of traditional wooden structures and members.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.321-328
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• 1998

This study was performed to provide reference materials for the vegetable cultivating farmhouses by investigating profit and marketing situation for the folk vegetables. The survey areas covered 10 cities and counties including Kumsan, 72 farmhouses, and 8 crops including buffterbur and wild rocambole. As a result, the cultivated area of folk vegetables was increased as much as 13.7%, however, marketing cost was higher than that of horticultural crops, because they were not accessed to wholesale market. It was that the optimal period to sell the folk vegetables was shown like Jan. - Feb. for butterbur and day lily, Nov. - Dec. for wild rocambole, and Oct. - Nov. for kind of lettuce respectively. As the result of analyzing economical efficiency, the net profit per 0.1 ha was amounted to 3,438,000 won for butterbur, 3.291,000 won for wild rocambole 1,712,000 won for day lily, and 1,464,000 won for fatsia shoots. Besides, these four crops occupied more than 60% in cultivation area, and their profit was high. Therefore, it is necessary to foster them with special crops in Chnugnam area. The crops that require more labor time were such crops as 632.9 hours for day lily, 584.3 hours for butterbur, and 409.2 hours for fatsia shoots, whereas the crops that required less labor time were such field crops as 219.2 hours for fragrant edible wild aster and 233.8 hours for kind of lettuce.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.4-18
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermotherapy on gas pain, post-operative resilience, and body temperature discomfort among patients who received laparoscopic myomectomies. Methods: The experimental group consisted of 62 patients with thermotherapy and the control group consisted of 60 patients. Thermotherapy was applied individually to the experimental group four hours after surgery. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ${\chi}^2$-tests, and repeated measures of analysis of variance, using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18. Results: The results showed no significant interaction effect between the group and time of measurement in gas-related pain in the experimental group. For gas-related pain, there was significant difference in right shoulder pain at 24 hours (t=-4.222, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-3.688, p=.000), 72 hours (t=-2.250, p=.028), and left at 24 hours (t=-3.727, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-4.150, p=.000), and 72 hours (t=-2.482, p=.016) and both shoulders at 24 hours (t=-2.722, p=.009) and 48 hours (t=-2.525, p=.014). There was no significant difference in epigastric pain, excluding both epigastric pain at 48 hours (t=2.908, p=.005), 72 hours (t=3.010, p=.004), but there was a significant difference in objective body temperature discomfort (t=2.895, p=.008). Conclusion: Thermotherapy relieved shoulder gas-related pain and objective body temperature discomfort. It needs to be developed and applied to improve post-operative discomfort in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomies.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

Reliability characteristics of thin package-on-packages were evaluated using T/H (temperature/humidity) test at $85^{\circ}C/85%$ for 500 hours, TC (temperature cycling) test at $-40{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ for 1,000 cycles, and HTS (high temperature storage) test at $155^{\circ}C$ for 1,000 hours. The average resistance of the solder-bump circuitry between the top and bottom packages of 24 package-on-package (PoP) samples, which were processed using polyimide thermal tape, was $0.56{\pm}0.05{\Omega}$ and quite similar for all 24 samples. Open failure of solder joints did not occur after T/H test for 500 hours, TC test for 1,000 cycles, and HTS test for 1,000 hours, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2004

This study was carried out to develop an in vitro chromosome doubling systems for the breeding of tetraploid lily cultivar. Different concentration (ppm) and treatment time (hour) of colchicine, oryzalin and caffeine were compared for the efficiency of bulb regeneration and tetraploidization. The occurrence of tetraploid plants by colchicine was the highest in the concentration of 1,000 ppm for three hours. In oryzalin treatment, the best combination was at 30 ppm for three hours. However, the effects of oryzalin treatments were similar between 10 ppm and 30 ppm concentrations. The survival rate was dramatically reduced in a high concentration of caffeine although some treatments had a higher tetraploid induction. As a consequence, reliable results for the tetraploid production were obtained in the treatments of 1,000 ppm colchicine, 3,000 ppm oryzalin both for three hours, and 9,000 ppm caffeine for nine hours.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2006

We developed highly efficient fluorescent dopants for full-color OLEDs. For blue, green and red OLEDs, current efficiencies of 8.7cd/A, 20.5 cd/A and 11.4 cd/A at $10mA/cm^2$ were achieved, respectively. Lifetime of the blue device was estimated to be 23,000hours at an initial luminance of $1,000cd/m^2$. Moreover, long lifetime over 100,000 hours was estimated in the green and red devices. Furthermore, we obtained a three-component white OLED by using these new fluorescent materials. This white OLED shows a current efficiency of 16.1cd/A with extrapolated lifetime over 70,000 hours at $1,000cd/m^2$, and more excellent color reproducibility for full-color displays with color filters and general lighting, compared to previous fluorescent white OLEDs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

We measured color rendering index(CRI) of a LED lamp for lighting for aging-time. We chose bulb type white LED lamp six samples and halogen lamp one sample and applied 220V, 60Hz to all the samples for 1,000hours at ordinary temperature. The CRI was measured every 20hours and the CRI change of the LED lamp was compared with the halogen lamp's CRI change. As time goes, efficiency of the halogen lamp decreased and the CRI maintained uniformly. The other hand, efficiency of the LED lamp decreased but the CRI increased. The CRI of the LED lamp has been stabilized since 600hours. The CRI change of the LED lamp was analyzed with a spectrum, color coordinate and color temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate breakthrough characteristics of respirator cartridge using multi-organic vapors, including carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and toluene. The organic vapors were used as single phase, binary system, and ternary system. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Organic vapors studied were 1,000 ppm, 750 ppm, 500 ppm and 250 ppm in single phase. Carbon tetrachloride having the highest molecular weight showed the breakthrough first, and breakthrough sequency by organic vapor was dependent on its molecular weight. The 10% breakthrough times at 1,000 ppm of organic vapor were 97 minutes for carbon tetrachloride, 129 minutes for trichloroethylene and 135 minutes for toluene. 2. When concentrations of organic vapors were at levels of the Threshold Limit Values, the lives of the respirator cartridges were 122 hours in carbon tetrachloride, 18 hours in trichloroethylene and 28 hours in toluene. 3. In the binary system at a total concentration of 1,000 ppm with carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene, breakthrough times ranged from 104 minutes to 125 minutes, which were longer than 97 minutes in a single phase (1,000 ppm) for carbon tetrachloride, but shorter than breakthrough times for TCE and Toluene. 4. Breakthrough times in the binary system with carbon tetrachloride and toluene were 131~132 minutes. 5. Breakthrough times in the ternary system with carbon tetrachloride, toluene, and trichloroethyl ene were $120{\pm}8$ minutes, which were longer than 97 minutes in the single phase (1,000 ppm) for carbon tetrachloride, equal to 129 minutes for trichloroethylene, and shorter than 135 minutes for toluene. Those were almost similar to $124{\pm}9$ minutes of breakthrough times in the binary systems.

• Plant Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

In order to extend a hot gas parts replacement cycle of a gas turbine, blade row 1 from low pressure turbine, which has a significant impact on the cycle, has been selected from stored set after one cycle use. Taking into account the status of the first stage moving blade in LP turbine operated more than 27,000 equivalent operating hours(EOH) and the replacement cycle in the same type of gas turbine, the replacement of the high temperature components installed on the GT, a study subject, can be extended from 24,000 to 27,000 EOH.