• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

This study was performed to establish analysis methods, and evaluated for grayanotoxin in domestic/foreign honey and wild honey. The molecular weight of grayanotoxins I, II and III, excluding grayanotoxin III that has been commercialized, were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Then, the molecular structure of grayanotoxins I and II were analyzed by NMR. A total 111 samples (25 Korean honey, 21 Korean wild honey, 13 Korean honeycomb honey, 44 foreign honey, 8 foreign wild honey) were examined to determined whether or not each sample contained grayanotoxins I, II, and III. The honey samples were mixed with methanol and loaded into a tC18 cartridge, the filtrate was diluted with water, and the mixture was then analyzed by ESI triple-quadrupole LC-MS/MS. Grayanotoxins were only found in the foreign wild honey and were not detected in Korean honey, Korean honeycomb honey, or Korean wild honey. Three of the samples contained grayanotoxin I, II, and III, and one sample contained only grayanotoxins I and III. The lowest level for grayanotoxin I was 3.13 ${\pm}$ 0.00 mg/kg, and the highest level was 12.93 ${\pm}$ 0.01 mg/kg. The levels of grayanotoxin II were 0.84 ${\pm}$ 0.01 mg/kg, 0.92 ${\pm}$ 0.00 mg/kg and 1.08 ${\pm}$ 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The lowest level of grayanotoxin III was 0.25 ${\pm}$ 0.01 mg/kg and the highest level was 3.29 ${\pm}$ 0.74 mg/kg. Through this study, safety management for foreign wild honey has been enabled.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 1994

In order to study the effects of silage additive on the quality and in preventing aerobic deterioration, reed canarygrass silages were made with various levels of formic acid, caproic acid and a mixture of the two acids. Preparation of silages cutted into about 1.5 cm length with the forage cutter and packed in vinyl bags(50 kg of capacity, 0.1 mrn of thickness), and it also divided nine types of experimental treatments. Aerobic deterioration in the silages were investigated for 7 days of aerobic exposure periods, and the plastic vessel of diameter 25 cm, a height 30 cm used as a tool. The results obtained from this experiment are summarized as fellow. 1. Crude protein and NFE contents at the time if opening were increased in the silage with mixture of formic and caproic acids(P<0.01). Crude fiber and ADF contents during the 7 days of aerobic exposure periods were the decreased in the sslages with mixture of two acods treatment(P<0.01). 2. Temperature of the silage treated with fromic acid alone during the 2 days of aerobic exposure period reached$34.4^{\circ}C$, while that of the silage with caproic acid and mixture formic and caproic acids were not rapidly increased resulting by reduced aerobic deteriorarion. 3. The pH of silages treated with formic acid alone during 7 days of aerobic exposure was not effectively changed, while solages treated with caproic acid were effectively stabilized. 4. The ratio of amminia nitrogen to total nitrogen was significantly decreased in silages with formic acid>caproic acid>mixture of both in the order(P<0.01). 5. Microbiological population of the silage were positively changed during the 7 days of aerobic exposure period. Solages with formic acid were deteriorated at ensiling observed, while applicarion of 1.2% caproic acid was partially reduced deteriorarion by precenting of the growth moulds.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

In this study, it proposes a mode converter that is relatively easy to implement and can shorten the transmission line length of the final combining port and it was fabricated and tested by applying it to an 8-way spatial combiner. The proposed mode converter converts the signal converted from the doorknob-shaped circular disk connected to the ground into the TM₀₁ mode by opening it in the circular waveguide. The 8-way waveguide spatial combiner is designed and implemented so that 8 signals input from the H-plane are combined in a circular waveguide at the center, and the final combining mode is TM₀₁. The test results confirmed excellent performance with an insertion loss of less than 0.4dB and a combining efficiency of 95% or more. In addition, it was confirmed that it is suitable for high output by calculating the breakdown voltage and discharge threshold power of the new mode conversion structure through electric field analysis. The results confirmed through this study are expected to be applicable to high-power, high-efficiency SSPA in various fields in the future.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2019

Background: Information about the epidemiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence in Korea is lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate VTE cumulative recurrence rates and identify risk factors for VTE recurrence among Korean adults. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients (${\geq}18years$) admitted to a university teaching hospital for pulmonary embolism (PE) from 2005 to 2013. The main outcome of interest was a recurrence of VTE. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to calculate the relative risk of VTE recurrence. Results: Five-year cumulative incidence of recurrent VTE events was 21.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.7-25.4) in all cases of PE; 17% after provoked and 27% after unprovoked PE. Multivariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) of ${\geq}25$ (hazard ratio [HR], 2.02; 95% CI, 1.17-3.46; p=0.01) and longer anticoagulation therapy duration (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96; p<0.01) were independently associated with risk of VTE recurrence. Risk factors not found to be statistically significant at the <0.05 level included history of VTE (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.84-3.88; p=0.12), unprovoked PE (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.89-3.25; p=0.10), symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.89-2.94; p=0.10), and female sex (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.78-2.55; p=0.24). We found that age, history of cancer, and other co-morbidities did not significantly affect the risk of VTE recurrence. Conclusion: Recurrence of VTE after PE is high. Patients with BMI ${\geq}25$ or reduced anticoagulation therapy duration have a higher risk of recurrent VTE.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.465-484
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• 2016

This study evaluated the antifungal activity of varying concentrations of water-soluble extracts from native plants (Vitex rotundifolia, Tetragonia tetragonoides, Artemisia capillaris, Hibiscus hamabo and Ficus carica) against Stemphylium vesicarium, Penicillium italicum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythium ultimum, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Mycelium growth of pathogenic bacteria generally decreased in a concentration-dependent manner following treatment with the water extracts from donor plants. Closer analyses indicate varying inhibitory capacities depending on the type of donor plant and pathogenic bacteria. Specifically, mycelium growth of S. vesicarium varied depending on the concentration of the water extracts from T. tetragonoides (r = -0.857, p<0.01) and A. capillarys (r = -0.868, p<0.01). Also, P. italicum and V. rotundifolia (r = -0.833, p<0.01), S. sclerotiorum and V. rotundifolia (r = -0.862, p<0.01), A. capillaris (r = -0.902, p<0.01), B. cinerea and T. tetragonoides (r = -0.896, p<0.01) showed an inverse relationship. The rate of mycelial growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria analysed are as follows: P. ultimum 94%, B. cinerea 50%, C. gloeosporioides 80% in 100% treatment of T. teragonoides. A. capillaris inhibited S. vesicarium by 43%, P. ultimum by 90%; H. hamabo inhibited P. italicum by 50%, S. sclerotiorum by 26%, and F. carica inhibited R. solani by 74%. Total phenol content with antifungal activities are as follows: A. capillaris 16.15 mg/g, F. carica 7.81 mg/g, V. rotundifolia 6.18 mg/g, H. hamabo 5.25 mg/g, T. tetragonoides 4.41 mg/g, and total flavonoid content is as follows: A. capillaris 27.57 mg/g, V. rotundifolia 12.49 mg/g, F. carica 11.45 mg/g, H. hamabo 5.77 mg/g, T. tetragonoides 5.08 mg/g.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 1994

The prevalence of obesity by measuring the amount of body fat and its related factors were investigated in 315 high school girls living in Seoul. Average body fat amount and body fat percentage measured by the body impedance analysis were 14.2$\pm$5.2kg and 25.9$\pm$7.0% respectively. Mean body mass index(BMI) was 2.1$\pm$2.7kg/m2 and 6.7% of the subjects showed over 25kg/m2 Correlative analysis reveal that the body fat percentage was significantly correlated to both relative body weight and BMI(r=0.66, P<0.01, r=0.68, P<0.01) Relative body weight of the subjects showed positive correlation to those of their mother and father. It was shown that many students skipped breakfast often and did not have a pleasant meal with enough time. There was no relationship between adiposity and dietary nutrient or energy intake. When subgroups of the subjects attending a non-vocational high school and those attending a vocational or technical school were compared obesity was more prevalent in the former. Therefore the burden caused by preparing the university entrance examination seems to play an important role in fat deposition.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2021

The oligonucleotides polymers (ON-polymers) were used producing a total of 110 loci unique to each clam population (LUECP) in group one and 132 in group two, respectively, varying in amount of DNA fragments (FRs) from greater than near 50 to a smaller quantity than 1,050 bp. The larger FR amounts (>1,050 bp) are not noticed in the two Scapharca subcrenata groups. The ON-polymer OPD-01 produced 33 LUECP, which were defining each group, almost 300 bp, 450 bp, and 500 bp, in the group one. The OPD-15 recognized 22 loci shared by the two clam populations (Loci shared by the two clam populations, LSTCP), a variety of FRs of sizes 300 bp that were equivalent in all specimens. The mean number of LUECP was varied and 1.2-fold greater in the shellfish group two than in the group one. Respecting mean bandsharing (BS) grade outcomes, entities in the shellfish group one (0.779±0.011) had a little higher BS grades than did entities from the group two (0.756±0.009) (p<0.05). The entities of the shellfish group one are not tightly gathered with other entities of the group two. The genetic distance (GD) (0.422) of this invertebrate (SUBCRENATA 02 and 01) is 7.41-fold hereditarily distinct to the GD (0.057) of the other invertebrate (SUBCRENATA 22 and 19). The polar dendrogram (PDG) procured by the five ON-polymers underlines two characteristic groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to determine the optimal mixing condition of two different amounts of cabbage and rice flour for the preparation of a cabbage cream soup. The experimental design was based on the central composite design methodology of response surface, which included 10 experimental points, including two replicates for the cabbage and rice flour. Physiochemical and sensory properties were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the mixed final product. Water content and pH values increased with increasing quantities of rice flour. Neither cabbage or rice flour affected the L and a values, but the b value increased with greater quantity of both ingredients. Viscosity increased with increasing added cabbage. Sensory evaluation results were significant in the predicted model for flavor (p<0.05), concentration (p<0.01) and overall quality (p<0.01). As a result, the optimum formulations by numerical and graphical methods were calculated as 111.79 g cabbage and 8.99 g rice flour.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.156-162
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and correlation of anthropometric data, eating behaviors, and nutrient intake on the bone mineral density(BMD) of female college students. 349 female college students were surveyed and their age, height, and weight were an average of 20.5 years, 163.2 cm and 54.0 kg, respectively. Their average BMI was 20.2, with 66% falling in the normal range, 21.8% classified as underweight, 8.0% as overweight, and obese individuals comprised 3.4% of the sample by BMI classification. Calcaneal BMD was measured and the average T-score was 0.117. The results of BMD measurements were normal in 268 people(76.8%), osteopenia was found in 71 individuals(20.3%), and osteoporosis in 10(2.9%), respectively. There was a significant difference in bone mineral density according to height(p<0.05) and BMI (p<0.01). There were significant differences between BMD and eating behavior, regularity of eating behaviors(p<0.05), instant food intake(p<0.05), eating out(p<0.05) and nutritional supplement intake(p<0.05). In addition, normal the group with normal BMD had a more desirable eating behavior compared to the osteopenia and osteoporosis afflicted groups. BMD had a significant difference according to the nutrient intake of calcium(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). In conclusion, BMD showed a good correlation with height(p<0.01), BMI(p<0.01), body composition including total body water(p<0.05), FFM(p<0.05), body protein(p<0.05) and intake of calcium(p<0.05), iron(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). Therefore, an education plan and training on balanced diets proper body weight control, and desirable eating behaviors for female college students will be needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.800-805
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• 2012

Rice straw is an important roughage resource for ruminants in many rice-producing countries. In this study, a rice brittle mutant (BM, mutation in OsCesA4, encoding cellulose synthase) and its wild type (WT) were employed to investigate the effects of a cellulose synthase gene mutation on rice straw morphological fractions, chemical composition, stem histological structure and in situ digestibility. The morphological fractions investigation showed that BM had a higher leaf sheath proportion (43.70% vs 38.21%, p<0.01) and a lower leaf blade proportion (25.21% vs 32.14%, p<0.01) than WT. Chemical composition analysis showed that BM rice straw was significantly (p<0.01) higher in CP (crude protein), hemicellulose and acid insoluble ash (AIA) contents, but lower in dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADFom) and cellulose contents when compared to WT. No significant difference (p>0.05) was detected in neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and ADL contents for both strains. Histological structure observation indicated that BM stems had fewer sclerenchyma cells and a thinner sclerenchyma cell wall than WT. The results of in situ digestion showed that BM had higher DM, NDFom, cellulose and hemicellulose disappearance at 24 or 48 h of incubation (p<0.05). The effective digestibility of BM rice straw DM and NDFom was greater than that of WT (31.4% vs 26.7% for DM, 29.1% vs 24.3% for NDFom, p<0.05), but the rate of digestion of the slowly digested fraction of BM rice straw DM and NDF was decreased. These results indicated that the mutation in the cellulose synthase gene could improve the nutritive value of rice straw for ruminants.