• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.481-488
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• 1995

This study was carried out to evaluate the variations of headloss rate and of specific deposit to depths with effective size of media and configuration of filter layer during algae blooming period. 0.51mm size media was disqualified because most of headloss occurred rapidly below 5cm from surface layer however 0.91mm size media acted deep filtration more than 20cm from top, as result 0.91mm sixte media filter had 2~3 times longer filtration time than 0.51mm sixte media filter, but 0.91mm size media have break-through potentiality. multi-layer filter with 1.02mm anthracite and 0.51mm sand had large deposit volume in upper layer that could longer filtration time, moreover smaller media in lower layer that could protect break-through.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.95-95
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• 1995

This study was carried out to evaluate the variations of headloss rate and of specific deposit to depths with effective size of media and configuration of filter layer during algae blooming period. 0.51mm size media was disqualified because most of headloss occurred rapidly below 5cm from surface layer however 0.91mm size media acted deep filtration more than 20cm from top, as result 0.91mm sixte media filter had 2∼3 times longer filtration time than 0.51mm sixte media filter, but 0.91mm size media have break-through potentiality. multi-layer filter with 1.02mm anthracite and 0.51mm sand had large deposit volume in upper layer that could longer filtration time, moreover smaller media in lower layer that could protect break-through.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.886-897
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• 2016

The physical properties of rooting media for the establishment of plugs in a greenhouse are modified according to variations in the greenhouse environment throughout the season. In this study, we established a standard for rooting media for the production of plug seedlings for each growing season (summer, winter and spring fall). Eight types of peatmoss (PM) and 4 types of perlite (PL) commonly used in Korea were collected and blended with the ratio of 7 parts PM to 3 parts PL (v/v) to make 32 different rooting media blends. We determined the total porosity (TP), container capacity (CC), air-filled porosity (AFP), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the 32 media blends, and 6 media blends were selected for seasonal use. We also conducted additional analyses for plant easily available water (EAW), buffering water (BW), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nutrient contents in the 6 media blends. The TP, CC, and AFP of the 32 media blends ranged from 64.7 to 96.0%, 42.9 to 90.1%, and 1.3 to 27.8%, respectively, indicating that the physical properties were strongly influenced by the type of PM and PL. The pH and EC of the PMs ranged from 2.96 to 3.81 and 0.08 to $0.47dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, respectively. However, after blending the PM with the PL the pH was raised and the EC was lowered The media blends selected for the summer growing season were Blonde Golden peatmoss (BG) + No. 1 perlite size < 1 mm (PE1) and Latagro 0-10 mm (L1) + No. 2 perlite size 1-2 mm (PE2). These two media blends had 89.8-90.9% of TP, 80.8-81.3% of CC, and 9.0-9.7% of AFP. The media blends selected for the winter growing season were Sfagnumi Turvas (ST) + PE2 and Latagro 20-40 mm (L3) + PE2. These media blends had 79.9-86.7% of TP, 60.4-74.9% of CC, and 11.8-19.6% of AFP. The TP, CC, and AFP of two media blends, BG + No.3 perlite 2-5 mm (PE3) and Orange peatmoss (O) + PE3, selected for the spring and fall growing seasons, respectively, were 85.2-87.3%, 77.9%, and 7.4-9.4%, respectively. The percentage of EAW of the media blends selected for the spring, summer, and winter growing seasons ranged from 24.2-24.9%, 22.0-28.6%, and 18.0-21.8%, respectively, but the percentages of BW were not significantly different among the selected root media blends. The pH, EC, and CEC of the 6 selected media blends ranged from 3.11-3.97, $0.06-0.26dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and $97-119meq{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, respectively.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2004

1. The concentrations of Ang. II were 7.20.91 ${\times}$ $10^3$ , 3.80.34 ${\times}$ $10^3$, 3.50.30 ${\times}$ $10^3$, 2.80.22 ${\times}$ $10^3$ pg/ml in bovine follicular fluids from 1∼3 mm, 3∼5 mm, 5∼7 mm and 8∼10 m follicles, respectively. The concentrations of Ang. II decreased in follicular fluids from large follicles. 2. When oocytes were cultured in media containing various concentrations of Ang. II, a higher proportion of oocytes developed to MII stage in medium with 100 ng/ml (79.5%) Ang II compare to that without Ang. II (58.8%). When oocytes from different sizes of follicles were separately cultured in media containing 100 ng/ml Ang. II, maturation rates were higher in oocytes from small and medium follicles those from controls. 3. GSH content in oocytes cultured for 24 hrs in TCM-199 medium containing 10 and 100 ng/ml of Ang. II was also higher than that of oocytes cultured in medium containing 0 or 10 ng/ml Ang. II. When oocytes were cultured in media containing 0, 10, 100, 1,000 ng/ml of Ang. II, the concentrations of GSH were 5.1M, 5.5M, 7.2M, 8.7M, respectively. 4. When oocytes were cultured in media containing various concentrations of 10, 100, 1,000 ng/ml Ang. II, in vitro maturation and developmental rates were 84.0%, 90.0%, 78.0% and 28.0%, 36.0%, 20.0%, respectively. When oocytes were cultured with an addition of Ang. II in media, in vitro maturation rates higher than that of their controls (76.0%).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.365-369
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the cultural characteristics of Paecilomyces tenuipes PJ-1 separated from the nature. We investigated the effect of media, pH and temperature in growth of Paecilomyces tenuipes PJ-1 on solid culture media and the effect of inoculum size, glass beads in liquid culture condition. Paecilomyces tenuipes showed the most favorable growth on PDA among 5 different media. The optimum growth pH and temperature were at pH 6.0 and $25^{\circ}C$ on solid culture. Mycelial growth of P. tenuipes decreased rapidly above $35^{\circ}C$ and under $15^{\circ}C$. In liquid culture, the optimum inoculum size was 10.0% and the SED and PMV value were increased with adding glass bead and glass bead size in the range of glass bead 0~50 ea and size 3, 5 mm.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2012

Inorganic materials were commonly used as container media in domestic plant factories. Objective of this research was to secure the information in soil physical and chemical properties of inorganic materials such as vermiculites and perlites. To achieve this, 12 gold and silver vermiculites from China, Zimbabwe, and South Africa and 5 perlites from China were collected based on the marketing grades (MG) in particle sizes and analyzed for determination of their characteristics. The percentage of particles larger than $710{\mu}m$, in China perlite MG 3~5 mm, China silver vermiculites MG > 8 mm and MG 3~8 mm were 99.9%, 99.8%, and 99.7%, respectively, which were much higher than 28.4% in China gold vermiculite MG 0.3~1.0 mm, 14.0% in perlite MG < 1.0 mm, and 12.6% of Zimbabwe silver vermiculite MG < 1.0 mm. The container capacities of perlite MG < 1.0 mm and South Africa silver vermiculite MG 0.25~1.0 mm were 72.0% and 71.1%, respectively. The air space in China silver vermiculite MG 3~8 mm was 49.3% which was higher than other materials tested. However, the China gold and silver vermiculites MG 0.3~1 mm had 3.5% and 2.4% in air space indicating that possible problems could occur in soil aeration when they are used for container media. The percentage of easily available and buffering water of China gold vermiculite MG 0.3~1 mm and perlite MG < 1.0 mm were the highest among test materials. The ranges of pH and electrical conductivity were 6.36 to 10.7 and 0.032 to $0.393dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in vermiculites and 7.78 to 8.62 and 0.030 to $0.041dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in perlite, respectively. The cation exchange capacity of China silver vermiculite MG 0.3~1 mm were $14.7cmol{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ that was 10 times as high as $0.34cmol{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in perlite MG 1~2.5 mm. The vermiculites had the higher contents of exchangeable cations such as Ca, K, and Na, than those of perlites.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 1980

Poria cocos, a parasite on Pinus densiflora was studied for its optimum growing condition from May 1, 1979 to November 15, 1980. 1) The optimum pH value was 5.0, and it had poor growth below pH 3.0 and no growth above pH 7.0. 2) The optimum temperatures were $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$, and it had poor growth below $5^{\circ}C$. 3) On Robbins and Herrey's solid media, malt extract(diameter of colony at 2% of the above material was 90mm) and tomato extract(at 8% was 90mm) gave the best growth. 4) By Badcock method, the best growth was obtained in P.D.A. supplemented with accelerator 5% of the above material of liquid media(85mm in diameter of colony) and malt extract 2% of P.D.A. added with accelerator 5% of them of liquid media(410mg of hyphae of dry weight) but the growth rate was poor in the media of wood extract agar supplemented with accelerator 5% of the above material giving 30mm diameter of the colony. 5) The growth on Robbins basal medium supplemented with Quercus accutissima extract showed 305. 3mg of hyphae of dry weight and Robinia pseudoacasia was supplemented with it showed 256.3mg of them. 6) The best growth was obtained in Jennison basal medium supplemented with L-asparagine showing 44.3mg of hyphae of dry weight.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2017

Background Nonliving chickens are commonly used as a microvascular anastomosis training model. However, previous studies have investigated only a few types of vessel, and no study has compared the characteristics of the various vessels. The present study evaluated the anatomic characteristics of various chicken vessels as a training model. Methods Eight vessels-the brachial artery, basilic vein, radial artery, ulnar artery, ischiatic artery and vein, cranial tibial artery, and common dorsal metatarsal artery-were evaluated in 26 fresh chickens and 30 chicken feet for external diameter (ED) and thicknesses of the tunica adventitia and media. The dissection time from skin incision to application of vessel clamps was also measured. Results The EDs of the vessels varied. The ischiatic vein had the largest ED of $2.69{\pm}0.33mm$, followed by the basilic vein ($1.88{\pm}0.36mm$), ischiatic artery ($1.68{\pm}0.24mm$), common dorsal metatarsal artery ($1.23{\pm}0.23mm$), cranial tibial artery ($1.18{\pm}0.19mm$), brachial artery ($1.08{\pm}0.15mm$), ulnar artery ($0.82{\pm}0.13mm$), and radial artery ($0.56{\pm}0.12mm$), and the order of size was consistent across all subjects. Thicknesses of the tunica adventitia and media were also diverse, ranging from $74.09{\pm}19.91{\mu}m$ to $158.66{\pm}40.25{\mu}m$ (adventitia) and from $31.2{\pm}7.13{\mu}m$ to $154.15{\pm}46.48{\mu}m$ (media), respectively. Mean dissection time was <3 minutes for all vessels. Conclusions Our results suggest that nonliving chickens can provide various vessels with different anatomic characteristics, which can allow trainees the choice of an appropriate microvascular anastomosis training model depending on their purpose and skillfulness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.209-213
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• 2001

Spathiphyllum floribundum cv. Cupid was micropropagated on LS medium containing various growth regulators. Shoot tips were cultured on media with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) or banzyladenine (BA). The medium containing 2.0 mg/L BA was most effective on the shoot multiplication and the formation of adventitious multi-shoot cluster from shoot tips among the different concentrations of TDZ and BA. The combined treatments of BA and paclobutrazol (PBZ) were stimulated the shoot multiplication and the formation of adventitious mu]ti-shoot clusters from shoot tips compared to the ones of BA alone. The adventitious multi-shoot clusters were culled with 5∼7 mm in size and cultured on media with BA or thidiazuron (TDZ). Shoot multiplication and shoot cluster proliferation from the shoot clusters were very favorable on media supplemented with 2.0∼3.0 mg/L BA. The shoots grew and rooted out vigorously on media with 2.0∼3.0 mg/L IBA. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the soil mixed with a rate of vermiculite 1 and perlite 1, and survived more than 95% in greenhouse.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2001

The effects of the ratio of effective size of filter media and diatom size on filter run time were evaluated by using both reported data and experimental results from several water treatment plants. For single media at several WTPs, the range of probability of the filter run time less than 15hr was 10~60%, and for dual media, that of the filter run time less than 30hr was 10~20%. The major filter clogging algae was Synedra acus of which dominant ratio was in the range of 64~92%. The effective size(ES) of filter medium for dual media filter was 0.71~1.40mm and uniformity coefficient of the filter was 1.25~1.67. The effective size(ES) of filter medium for single medium filter was 0.52~0.65mm and uniformity coefficient of the filter was 0.25~1.40. The range of calculated penetration depth was 2.58~15.4cm for dual media and 1.29~2.17cm for single media, and average filter run time was 40.1~83.3hr and 13.9~34.9hr, respectively. When Synedra counts were over 400cells/ml for single media, filter run time was below 5hr, while filter run time for dual media filter, remained as high as 70hr.