• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.761-768
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• 2023

Background/Aims: Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) are widely adopted for the palliation of dysphagia in patients with malignant esophageal strictures. An important adverse event is the development of SEMS-induced esophagorespiratory fistulas (SEMS-ERFs). This study aimed to assess the risk factors related to the development of SEMS-ERF after SEMS placement in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: This retrospective study was performed at the Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo. All patients with malignant esophageal strictures who underwent esophageal SEMS placement between 2009 and 2019 were included in the study. Results: Of the 335 patients, 37 (11.0%) developed SEMS-ERF, with a median time of 129 days after SEMS placement. Stent flare of 28 mm (hazard ratio [HR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-5.51; p=0.02) and post-stent chemotherapy (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.01-4.00; p=0.05) were associated with an increased risk of developing SEMS-ERF, while lower-third tumors were a protective factor (HR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.26-0.85; p=0.01). No difference was observed in overall survival. Conclusions: The incidence of SEMS-ERFs was 11%, with a median time of 129 days after SEMS placement. Post-stent chemotherapy and a 28 mm stent flare were associated with a higher risk of SEMS-ERF.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.2145-2147
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 MRT 및 ZF 프리코딩 기법을 사용하는 Massive MIMO 시스템의 DoF 수에 따른 성능을 분석한다. 본문에서는 하향링크에서 각 MRT 및 ZF 프리코딩 사용시 평균 수신 SINR을 송신 안테나 수에 따라 정규화된 DoF의 수에 대한 Closed-Form으로 도출하였다. 분석 및 모의실험 결과를 통해 DoF 수가 적을 경우 MRT 프리코딩이 ZF 프리코딩 대비 우수한 성능을 달성할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2011

The natural habitats and distribution of five rare plants were recently discovered in Korea. Salomonia oblongifolia DC., which grows in mountain wetlands, was found in Gijang-gun, Busan, Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, and Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do. Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald, which grows along the coast, was found in Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Buk-gu, Ulsan. Tillaea aquatica L. and Limosella aquatica L., which was previously not known to be present in Korea, were discovered in Gijang-gun, Busan for the first time. Apocynum lancifolium Russanov, which has a narrow distribution range in Korea, was also found in Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, Jung-gu, Incheon, Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do.

• 복식
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• 제36권
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• pp.1-23
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• 1998

The origin and structural development of Do-po have been studied with a consideration of the back piece of Do-po in this paper. This study found that Do-po was in this paper. This study found that Do-po was originally imported from China. This paper reports that an earlier record on Do-po is found in an epitaph(1564) than the record found in S njoSilnok(1607) which is conventionally known as the earliest record on Do-po. The structure of Do-po has been widely known as an“attachment of J n-sam”on slitted back piece of the outwear. However, this study shows that Do-po has been formed by inserting the gusset of the front piece into the back piece of the outwear Jik-nyung. This change can be considered as the economical and practical needs to save the cloth or by the aethetical need of simpler clothing. This study also classifies the shape of gussets largely into nine classes according to the temporal development in the shape of gussets.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.116.2-116
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 피사계 심도(DoF, Depth of field)가 포함된 사진을 자동으로 추상화 시켜주는 비 사실적 렌더링(NPR, Non-photorealistic rendering) 기술을 제안한다. 우리의 접근 방식은 RGB 채널을 이용하여 DoF 영역을 효율적으로 분류하고, DoF 크기에 따라 색상을 추상화하며, 라인의 두께를 자동으로 조절함으로 새롭게 필터링 하는 기술이다. DoF기반 필터링 방식은 성능과 디자인 관점에서 추상화의 품질을 크게 개선시켰으며, 간단하고 빨라 구현하기 쉽고, 사진으로부터 추상화나 일러스트레이션을 제작할 때 원본 사진이 갖고 있는 DoF의 특징과 스타일을 효율적으로 잘 표현한다.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2019

As a primitive immersive video technology, a three degrees of freedom (3DoF) $360^{\circ}$ video can currently render viewport images that are dependent on the rotational movements of the viewer. However, rendering a flat $360^{\circ}$ video, that is supporting head rotations only, may generate visual discomfort especially when objects close to the viewer are rendered. 3DoF+ enables head movements for a seated person adding horizontal, vertical, and depth translations. The 3DoF+ $360^{\circ}$ video is positioned between 3DoF and six degrees of freedom, which can realize the motion parallax with relatively simple virtual reality software in head-mounted displays. This article introduces the standardization trends for the 3DoF+ video in the MPEG-I visual group.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.489-492
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• 2013

A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2017

Recently, the ratio of electrical part and embedded software has grown in automotive industry. ISO 26262, 'Road Vehicles - Functional Safety', was published to guide development of automotive electrical and electronic part in 2011. This paper describes definition of functional safety and analyzes ISO 26262. The comparison of ISO 26262 and DO-178C is made, then difference between them is identified. DO-178C provides guidance for the production of software for airborne system and equipment. The core of DO-178C is a relatively minor update to the previous DO-178B, however, the big changes are captured in the supplemented documents such as DO-331, 'Model-Based Development and Verification Supplement to DO-178C and DO-278A'. Model-based design is important to develop automotive and aircraft meeting the guidelines of ISO 26262 and DO-178C. In this paper, the sample case of applying MBSE(Model-Based Systems Engineering) to AVCS(Active Vibration Control System) software development is discussed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2004

Although human rabies deaths are rare, the disease remains a public health problem in Korea. Here we report the outbreaks and surveillance of animal rabies in Gangwon-do. Animal rabies infections were identified in 119 animals from 1993 to 2003. The $78\%$ of all rabid animals were domestic species in Gangwon-do. Wild Korean raccoon dog (N. p. koreensis) continued to be the only reported rabid wildlife species. Outbreaks of rabies infections in Korean raccoon dogs are found in broad geographic regions across the northern Gangwon-do. The principal rabies hosts today are probably wild animals in Gangwon-do. The malaise, cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, agitation and abnormal behavior of the animals were the important symptoms of the disease. The Encephalitis, infiltration with lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the inclusion bodies (Negri bodies) in neuronal cells were the specific histopathological signs. The results of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) for animal rabies diagnosis were identical and the technique was useful to diagnose the disease. Preexposure vaccination is recommended for persons in high-risk groups, such as laboratory workers, veterinarians and certain animal handlers.